Brazil has a dual role in development co-operation, acting as a recipient and a provider of South-South and triangular co-operation. Brazil is one of the OECD’s five Key Partners and an OECD Accession candidate. It has actively engaged with different OECD bodies and activities over the past two decades. Through its membership in the Group of Twenty (G20), Brazil advocates for a stronger role of the G20 in support of the 2030 Agenda, notably through the G20 Development Working Group. It focuses on innovative finance for sustainable development and localising the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In its 2024 G20 presidency, Brazil has included sustainable development, notably ending poverty and hunger, and inequalities among its priorities.
Development Co-operation Profiles
Other official providers based on data reported as total official support for sustainable development
Brazil
Introduction
Policy
The scope of Brazilian South-South and trilateral co-operation has expanded to facilitate regional, sub‑regional and interregional integration; provide innovative approaches for collective actions; and strengthen its contribution to sustainable development in its social, economic and environmental dimensions. Brazilian co-operation is implemented according to principles that include, inter alia, respect for national sovereignty, non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries and non-conditionality. Brazilian South-South co-operation includes initiatives in agriculture, public health, food and nutritional security, social development, science and technology, education, energy, industry, trade, justice, environment, public safety and security, and employment. Brazil has developed projects in most Latin American and Caribbean countries; with the Community of Portuguese Language Countries and its members in Africa and Asia; as well as with other countries in Africa, Asia and the Pacific.
Brazilian South-South co-operation operates under bilateral, trilateral and regional formats. It has a strong focus on capacity development projects, including knowledge sharing, humanitarian co-operation, scholarships and educational support in tertiary education, as well as research and development. Brazil is a well-established triangular co-operation actor, which uses the modality as a regular tool in its development co-operation. The Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC) has developed and updated a series of frameworks and manuals, such as the Manual of South-South Technical Co-operation Management; the Guidelines for the Design, Coordination and Management of Trilateral Co-operation Initiatives; and the Brazil-UNICEF Guidelines for Trilateral South-South Cooperation Initiatives.
Brazil: Triangular co-operation and food security
Fighting inequality, poverty and hunger is at the forefront of Brazil’s priorities during its 2024 G20 presidency. In the past decade, Brazil has led many South-South and triangular co-operation projects related to food security and sustainable food systems. In 2023, the Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC) co-ordinated a triangular technical co-operation project with Chile to combat the fruit flies in Suriname, providing technical training courses to Surinamese professionals to strengthen their fruit fly control programme.
In 2024, within the framework of the COP28 summit, Brazil, the United Arab Emirates and Cuba announced a triangular co-operation initiative to tackle food insecurity, with the United Arab Emirates providing USD 50 million worth of food aid to be delivered from Brazil. The ABC’s Director, Ambassador Ruy Pereira, stated that “thanks to this concerted operation, Brazil, the UAE and Cuba make public their strong willingness to collaborate jointly to support the food and nutritional security of the Cuban population.”
Sources: ABC (2023; 2024).
Support to sustainable development
Brazil is a member of the International Forum on Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD). Brazil started reporting on TOSSD for the first time in 2021 on activities in 2020. In 2022, the country substantially enlarged the scope of its TOSSD reporting by including subnational entities’ co-operation.
Brazil reported USD 786.1 million in support of sustainable development, of which USD 120.4 million was cross-border resources to TOSSD recipients. Seventeen entities participated in Brazil’s TOSSD reporting on activities in 2022.
Contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals
In 2022, Brazil’s support for sustainable development mainly contributed to advancing SDG 4 (quality education), SDG 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure) and SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth).
Cross-border resources to TOSSD recipients (Pillar 1)
Geographic allocation
In 2022, Brazil allocated USD 108.8 million (90%) of TOSSD as cross-border resources in support of 82 countries and territories. A majority of this financing was provided to recipients in Latin America and the Caribbean (64%) and Africa (22%). Partners receiving the largest support included Argentina, Paraguay and Ethiopia. Ten per cent (USD 11.7 million) of Brazil’s cross-border resources were unallocated by region.
Sectoral distribution
In 2022, USD 108 million (90%) of Brazil’s cross-border resources targeted social infrastructure and services in TOSSD recipients, with a particular focus on education (USD 55.5 million; 48%) and health (USD 43.2 million; 23%).
Triangular co-operation
Brazil engages in triangular co-operation. Its main beneficiaries in 2022 were the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Lebanon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The main sectors of its triangular co‑operation are government and civil society; health; and industry, mining and construction. Brazil disbursed USD 6.9 million of TOSSD in 2022.
Learn more about triangular co-operation.
Institutional set-up
Brazilian South-South co-operation is one of the instruments of the national foreign policy. The ABC co‑ordinates the national systems that implement the Brazilian South-South technical and humanitarian co-operation modalities under the political guidance of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Brazilian South-South co-operation often reflects collaboration with public sector institutions and subnational entities, the private sector, and civil society. The ABC’s mandate includes humanitarian co-operation, which has allowed the Brazilian government to improve the humanitarian dimension of its South-South co-operation to strengthen prevention and resilience; provide humanitarian assistance in response to disasters and humanitarian appeals; and support reconstruction after disasters and calamities to support people’s progress, particularly those who are the most vulnerable. Brazil is also deeply engaged in educational and scientific co-operation through initiatives directly implemented by more than 100 public higher education institutions and other federal and state-level public institutions that sponsor foreign/national students and researchers.
Additional resources
Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC): www.gov.br/abc/en.
IPEA (2023), A Cooperação Internacional e Científica Brasileira em Foco: Relatório COBRADI 2021, Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília (in press).
IPEA (2021), Cooperação Internacional em Tempos de Pandemia (in Portuguese), Institute for Applied Economic Research, Brasília, https://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/bitstream/11058/10920/3/Cooperacao_internacional.pdf.
COBRADI: www.ipea.gov.br/portal/cobradi/publicacoes.
ABC (2024), “Joint initiative between the UAE, Brazil and Cuba to enhance food security announced”, Brazilian Cooperation Agency, https://www.gov.br/abc/en/subjects/news/joint-initiative-between-the-uae-brazil-and-cuba-to-enhance-food-security-announced (accessed on 18 April 2024).
ABC (2023), “Brasil e Chile realizam treinamento no Suriname para combater as moscas-das-frutas”, Brazilian Cooperation Agency, https://www.gov.br/abc/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/brasil-e-chile-realizam-treinamento-no-suriname-para-combater-as-moscas-das-frutas (accessed on 18 April 2024).
Brazil is an Adherent to the DAC Recommendation on Good Pledging Practice; the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas; and the OECD Recommendation of the Council for Development Co-operation Actors on Managing the Risk of Corruption.
Brazil is a Key Partner of the OECD. In 2022, the OECD Council decided to open accession discussions with six countries, including Brazil.
Brazil is a member of the International TOSSD Task Force. Reporting to TOSSD since 2022, on 2020 data.
Indonesia
Introduction
Indonesia has made development co-operation one of its priorities to advance sustainable development and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) both at home and abroad. Strengthened development co-operation is seen as a means to optimise the country’s foreign policy. In 2022, Indonesia announced major commitments to meet a net zero transition by 2060 and plans to adjust its development co-operation in line with this net zero approach.
Indonesia is one of the OECD’s five Key Partners and is a co-chair of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation. As the only member of the Group of Twenty (G20) from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, Indonesia plays an important role in bringing the voices of ASEAN members and developing countries to this global forum. In 2022, Indonesia held the presidency of the G20 and advanced G20 Blended Finance Principles for developing countries, least developed countries and small island developing states (SIDS), drawing on the OECD-DAC Blended Finance Principles and a G20 Roadmap for Stronger Recovery and Resilience in Developing Countries, including least developed countries and SIDS, drawing on the OECD’s work on the ocean economy and with SIDS.
Policy
Indonesia’s National Medium-Term Development Plan 2020-2024 emphasises international development co-operation. Four strategies are envisaged to strengthen Indonesia’s development co‑operation: 1) increasing new financing sources and mechanisms; 2) creating an enabling environment for private sector engagement in development co-operation; 3) enhancing South-South and triangular co‑operation for trade and investment; and 4) strengthening institutions for aid and international development co‑operation.
The three main themes of Indonesia’s development co-operation are: 1) development (poverty eradication, agriculture, disaster risk management, infrastructure planning and budgeting, education); 2) economic issues (macroeconomic management; public financial management; microfinance for micro, small and medium sized enterprises); and 3) good governance and peacebuilding (democracy, peace, conflict resolution, law enforcement, central and local government engagement). They are implemented through technical cooperation programmes, training and workshops, seminars, and knowledge-sharing.
Indonesia also channels funds through multilateral organisations and collaborates with several bilateral donors, United Nations agencies and multilateral development banks under a triangular co-operation framework to provide technical assistance and knowledge transfer to developing countries.
Indonesia is advancing blended finance approaches for clean energy and climate action to support the green transition. In 2024, Indonesia will inaugurate the Global Blended Finance Alliance at the 10th World Water Forum in Bali, Indonesia. Indonesia is also advancing the sustainable finance agenda, by supporting the scaling up of green bonds. With USD 6.9 billion in green sukuk1 issued since 2018, Indonesia is the world’s largest green sukuk issuer and a market leader for sovereign green sukuk. In May 2022, Indonesia issued its fifth sovereign global green sukuk, valued at USD 1.5 billion, with a 4.7% coupon rate and 10-year tenor – which became the largest tranche ever printed globally and Indonesia’s first 10-year green sukuk tranche.
Indonesia’s South-South co-operation commitment after the COVID-19 pandemic
The last few years have seen countries recovering from the impact of COVID-19. During these times, Indonesia carried out several South-South and triangular co-operation programmes to support countries in the recovery process. In November 2022, Indonesia and the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) held the G20 Side Event with the theme of “Enabling Inclusive Development through South-South and Triangular Cooperation.” This event aimed to share best practices, enable multi-stakeholder partnerships and foster international co-operation, including through South-South and triangular co-operation. The event highlighted the role of South-South and triangular co-operation in accelerating the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in an inclusive manner.
One of the programme’s next steps was implemented through a co-financing programme between IndonesianAid and the IsDB to improve Somalia’s telemedicine health facilities in November 2023. Both parties agreed to improve health facility infrastructure and the capacity of medical staff at East Africa University Hospital, Somalia. The programme also collaborated with the United Nations Development Programme and Egypt.
Sources: Utama (2022); Ministry of Finance (2023).
Indonesia’s support to sustainable development
As a provider of South-South co-operation, Indonesia started reporting to the Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD) at its inception in 2020 on activities in 2019.
Indonesia reported USD 5.1 million in support of sustainable development in the form of cross-border resources to TOSSD recipients. Nine entities participated in Indonesia’s TOSSD reporting on activities in 2022.
According to Indonesia’s estimates, Indonesia reported an increase in TOSSD contributions, rising by 38.8% from USD 6.7 million in 2021 to USD 9.3 million in 2022. These contributions were channelled through South-South co-operation under Pillar I of TOSSD (Cross-border Resources to Developing Countries) with the highest allocation towards the general environmental protection sector. Furthermore, South-South co-operation activities shifted to a virtual arrangement with lower operational costs. This figure does not include contributions to the multilateral system since Indonesia does not include those contributions in its TOSSD reporting.
According to the 2024 Indonesian Financial Notes and Proposed Budget, Indonesia’s financing for development co-operation from 2020 to 2023 reached approximately USD 23.9 billion.2 This cumulative sum includes funds channelled by grants, triangular co-operation and through international organisations. In 2023, the funds were channelled to multilateral organisations, mainly the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which received the largest portion (32%); the International Finance Corporation (22%); the Islamic Development Bank (18%); the International Development Association (17%); the Credit Guarantee and Investment Facility (9%); and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (3%).
Contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals
In 2022, Indonesia’s support to sustainable development mainly contributed to advancing SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 16 (peace, justice and strong institutions) and SDG 14 (life below water).
Cross-border resources to TOSSD recipients (Pillar 1)
Geographic allocation
In 2022, USD 2.3 million (45%) of Indonesia’s cross-border resources to TOSSD recipients were allocated to individual countries and regions. In total, Indonesia’s cross-border flows reached 11 countries and territories in 2022. Most of this financing was provided to recipients in Asia (68%) and Africa (17%). Partners in Europe and Oceania received together 15% of Indonesia’s cross-border resources. Partners receiving the largest support from Indonesia included Pakistan, the Philippines and Ukraine. Fifty-five per cent (USD 2.8 million) were unallocated by region.
Sectoral distribution
In 2022, USD 3.5 million (69%) of Indonesia’s cross-border resources targeted social infrastructure and services in TOSSD recipients, with a particular focus on education (USD 2.8 million; 55%) and to a lesser extent also health and population (USD 0.7 million; 13%). Agriculture, forestry, fishing and other production sectors were allocated USD 0.7 million (14%). Humanitarian aid amounted to USD 0.8 million (16%).
Triangular co-operation
Indonesia engages in triangular co-operation and has reported activities in the modality to TOSSD. Its main beneficiaries in 2022 were the Philippines and Asia.
The main sectors of its triangular co‑operation are population policies/programmes and reproductive health, followed by industry, mining and construction. Indonesia disbursed USD 463 800 in 2022.
Learn more about triangular co-operation.
Institutional set-up
Indonesia’s National Coordination Team for South-South and Triangular Co-operation (NCT) is comprised of the Ministry of National Development Planning, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance and the State Secretariat. Together, these four institutions provide guidance for the country’s development co-operation system. While the NCT co-ordinates Indonesia’s development co-operation, relevant sectoral line ministries implement its activities. Furthermore, the NCT continues to strengthen governance, outreach and promotion to increase domestic and international awareness of Indonesia’s contribution to South-South and triangular co-operation.
In 2019, the Indonesian government announced the creation of an Indonesian Agency for Internaitonal Development (Indo AID), which could help step up its contribution to international development co‑operation and global partnerships in development. Details are still being worked out as to the agency’s exact mandate, including an update of the regulations on aid management (the Government Regulations on Aid Management date from 2018 and 2019; PP Pemberian Hibah No. 48/2018 and No. 57/2019), and its relations with other ministries and bodies in Indonesia. The sector focus will be the prevention and relief of natural disasters and humanitarian crises, through which the agency aims to enhance Indonesia’s participation in fulfilling the 2030 Agenda.
Additional resources
Republic of Indonesia (2022), The Global Blended Finance Alliance, https://www.thkforum.org/global-bfa
Ministry of Finance (2019), Indonesian Agency for International Development, https://ldkpi.kemenkeu.go.id/en.
Bappenas (2020), National Medium-Term Development Plan 2020-2024, Ministry of National Development Planning, Jakarta, jdih.bappenas.go.id/data/peraturan/Perpres_Nomor_18_tahun_2020_tentang_RPJMN_lampiran.pdf.
Ministry of Finance (2023), Green Sukuk Allocation and Impact Report, api-djppr.kemenkeu.go.id/web/api/v1/media/18D7F060-7F13-41F5-9FE9-4B254B58D3E6.
Ministry of Finance (2024), Book II Financial Notes along with the Draft State Revenue and Expenditure Budget for Fiscal Year, Jakarta, media.kemenkeu.go.id/getmedia/46a5372a-ddbc-4b8e-be87-6ea95d2f72a5/BUKU-II-Nota-Keuangan-RAPBN-TA-2024.pdf?ext=.pdf.
OECD (2022), Development Co-operation Systems of Six Countries in Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam, OECD, Paris, www.oecd.org/dac/2022-south-east-asian-dev-coop-providers.pdf?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=seadevproviders&utm_content=en&utm_term=dcd.
Berita Utama (2022), “Bappenas Dorong Kerjasama Selatan-Selatan Triangular untuk Percepat Pembangunan Inklusif/Kementerian PPN/Bappenas”, https://www.bappenas.go.id/id/berita/bappenas-dorong-kerjasama-selatan-selatan-triangular-untuk-percepat-pembangunan-inklusif-9FzDu (accessed on 18 April 2024).
Ministry of Finance (2023), “Indonesian Agency for International Development (Indonesian AID)”, https://ldkpi.kemenkeu.go.id/en/post/indonesian-aid-%E2%80%93-isdb-collaborates-to-build-telemedicine-facilities-in-somalia (accessed on 18 April 2024).
Indonesia is an Adherent to the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness.
Indonesia has been one of the OECD’s five Key Partners since 2007.
Peru
Introduction
International development co-operation is a component of Peru’s foreign policy and a valuable tool that contributes to its sustainable and inclusive development. As an upper middle-income country, it is a beneficiary of official development assistance (ODA) and a provider of technical co-operation through South-South and triangular co-operation. Peru undertakes commitments and responsibilities that strengthen the effectiveness of co-operation and promote partnership mechanisms with different development actors. Peru encourages a development model based on a multidimensional approach beyond the criterion of per capita income while recognising developing countries’ differentiated capacities and vulnerabilities.
Policy
Peru shares strengths, capacities and knowledge for mutual benefit and learning through South-South and triangular co-operation, mainly with countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, with a clear aspiration to expand its co-operation to other regions. The development of effective development measures and public policies has allowed Peru to consolidate itself as an important partner and provide technical co-operation to 15 countries by 2022. Peru’s efforts to provide technical co‑operation are aligned with its aspiration to join the OECD. Since 2018, Peru has been implementing an Action Plan to support its reform agenda, drawing on OECD legal instruments, bodies and evidence-based analysis. On 25 January 2022, the OECD Council decided to open accession discussions with Peru, and on 10 June 2022, adopted a Roadmap for the OECD Accession of Peru. In June 2023, Peru successfully submitted its Initial Memorandum and is making steady progress in its accession process.
Peru virtually hosted and co-chaired the third LAC-DAC Dialogue on Development Co-operation in 2021 and attended the LAC-DAC Dialogues in 2016 and 2019. In 2021, Peru also participated in OECD work on “Aligning development co-operation to the SDGs in upper middle-income countries: A case study of Peru”. Within the framework of the 2021 ECOSOC High Level Political Forum, the Permanent Missions of New Zealand and Peru to the United Nations and the OECD organised the side event “Getting Results: Using the SDG Framework to Ensure an Inclusive and Sustained Recovery”. In November 2023, Peru participated in the DAC High Level Meeting.
Strengthening the comprehensive management system of forest reserves in the district of Santiago de Cali
Since 2022 a co-operation project between Peru and Colombia has helped the Administrative Department of Environmental Management (DAGMA) of the city of Santiago de Cali, Colombia, to apply the “forest backpack” methodology of the Agency for the Supervision of Forest Resources and Wildlife (OSINFOR) of Peru. The purpose of the activity is to raise awareness among local and indigenous communities about the ecological structure and biodiversity of Santiago de Cali by sharing technical and regulatory information regarding the local biodiversity, flora and fauna, and the guidelines established by the environmental authority for its protection.
Through Peru’s technical co-operation Colombian specialists have been trained on the methodology and then adapt it to the ecological reality of Santiago de Cali. The training included elaborating graphical representations and comprehensive narratives on topics related to local biodiversity. In total, the population of 22 communities and 15 villages in both urban and rural settings have benefited from this co-operation. DAGMA will use the methodology to develop activities on other topics related to the protection and conservation of the ecological structure of Santiago de Cali, thereby further contributing to the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Source: www.osinfor.gob.pe.
Peru’s support to sustainable development
Peru reported on Total Official Support to Sustainable Development (TOSSD) for the first time in 2022 on a pilot basis. In 2023, Peru participated in the regular reporting process on 2022 activities.
Peru reported USD 17.7 million in support of sustainable development, of which USD 0.4 million was cross-border resources to TOSSD recipients and USD 17.4 million was regional and global expenditures for sustainable development. Eleven entities participated in Peru’s TOSSD reporting on 2022 activities.
Contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals
In 2022, Peru’s support to sustainable development mainly contributed to advancing SDG 16 (peace, justice and strong institutions), SDG 17 (partnerships for the Goals) and SDG 2 (zero hunger).
Cross-border resources to TOSSD recipients (Pillar 1)
Geographic allocation
In 2022, USD 172 000 (46%) of Peru’s cross-border resources to TOSSD recipients were allocated by country or region. In total, Peru’s cross-border flows benefited ten countries, nine of which are in Latin America and the Caribbean (94% of Peru’s cross-border resources). Partners receiving the largest support from Peru included El Salvador, Chile, Costa Rica and Thailand.
Sectoral distribution
In 2022, nearly half (47%) of Peru’s cross-border resources targeted social infrastructure and services in TOSSD recipients, amounting to USD 177 000. Support in this area primarily focused on government and civil society (24%) and other social infrastructure and services (20%), such as culture. General environmental protection was allocated USD 89 000 (24%) and production sectors USD 51 000 (14%).
Regional and global expenditures in support of sustainable development (Pillar 2)
In 2022, Peru extended USD 17.4 million in support of international public goods, development enablers and global challenges, accounting for 98% of its TOSSD. Almost all of this support was contributions to the general budget of multilateral institutions (core contributions, both assessed and voluntary).
Triangular co-operation
Peru engages in triangular co-operation. Its beneficiaries in 2022 were Costa Rica and El Salvador.
The sectors of its triangular co‑operation are government and civil society, and agriculture, forestry and fishing. Peru carried out seven triangular co-operation activities in 2022.
Learn more about triangular co-operation.
Institutional set-up
Peru’s international co-operation comes under the mandate of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, whose function is to formulate, plan, direct, co-ordinate and supervise national policies on international co‑operation. The Peruvian Agency for International Cooperation (APCI), a public body attached to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is responsible for programming and organising international co‑operation received by Peru, contributing to the co-ordination and facilitation of co-operation from official bilateral and multilateral sources, as well as the technical co‑operation that Peru provides to partner countries through South-South co-operation.
The APCI has an IT platform that allows public and private entities to report on the implementation of programmes, projects and activities financed by international co-operation through an annual reporting process. This platform makes it possible to identify the alignment of official and non-governmental co‑operation with the priorities of the National Policy on International Technical Co-operation and the SDGs, and to prepare the annual statistical document entitled “Situation and Trends of International Technical Co-operation in Peru”.
Since April 2023, Peru has a National Policy for International Technical Co-operation (PNCTI al 2030) that aims to strengthen the effectiveness of the international technical co-operation received by Peru and increase the Peruvian offer of international technical co-operation by 2030.
Additional resources
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2023), Política Nacional de Cooperación Técnica Internacional (PNCTI) al 2030, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Lima, https://www.gob.pe/institucion/apci/informes-publicaciones/4155784-politica-nacional-de-cooperacion-tecnica-internacional-al-2030
APCI (2024), Situación y Tendencias de la Cooperación Técnica Internacional en el Perú 2022, Peruvian Agency for International Cooperation, https://www.gob.pe/institucion/apci/informes-publicaciones/5418471-situacion-y-tendencias-de-la-cooperacion-tecnica-internacional-en-el-peru-2022
APCI (2023), Catalogue of the Peruvian Offer of International Technical Co-operation 2022-2024, Peruvian Agency for International Cooperation, https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/4418276/Catalogue%20of%20the%20Peruvian%20Offer%20of%20ITC%202022-2024.pdf?v=1681244150
APCI (2023), El ABC de la Cooperación Técnica Internacional, Peruvian Agency for International Cooperation, https://www.gob.pe/institucion/apci/informes-publicaciones/4983922-el-abc-de-la-cooperacion-tecnica-internacional
SEGIB (2023), Informe de la Cooperación Sur-Sur y Triangular en Iberoamérica 2022, Ibero-American General Secretariat, Madrid, https://www.segib.org/?document=informe-de-la-cooperacion-sur-sur-y-triangular-en-iberoamerica-2022-y-mensajes-principales
Peru is an Accession candidate to the OECD.
Peru is an Adherent to the OECD Recommendation of the Council for Development Co-operation Actors on Managing the Risk of Corruption and the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness.