Development Co-operation Report 2018

Chapter 16. Estimates for other providers of development co-operation not reporting to OECD

Abstract

This chapter includes information on the estimated volume and key features of the development co-operation provided by ten providers that are not members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and which are among the largest providers of development co-operation, including OECD priority partners. The OECD estimates the volume of their programme based on official government reports, complemented by web-based research (mainly on contributions to multilateral organisations).

This section was prepared by Marisa Berbegal Ibáñez, Juan Casado Asensio, Michael Laird and Nadine Piefer. Estimates on development co-operation flows were produced by Marisa Berbegal Ibáñez.

Brazil

The most recent available figures on Brazil’s South-South co-operation are for 2013 (IPEA, 2016) and were published in 2016. The 2013 figure – a total of USD 397 million – includes activities that are not, or not entirely, included as development co-operation in Development Assistance Committee (DAC) statistics (and may also exclude some development activities that would be included in DAC statistics).1

Brazil is currently developing a conceptual framework to measure and value South-South co-operation, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. For its part, the OECD estimates that Brazil’s development co-operation amounted to USD 316 million in 2013, down from USD 411 million in 2012. Of these USD 316 million, 66%, or USD 208 million, were channelled through multilateral organisations. More recent estimates by the OECD show that Brazil channelled USD 126 million through multilateral organisations in 2016 (derived from the multilateral organisations’ websites and from information provided by UN DESA on UN agencies).

The Ministry of External Relations oversees Brazil’s development co-operation with the Brazilian Co-operation Agency providing technical co-operation. Apart from technical co-operation, Brazil’s bilateral co-operation includes humanitarian assistance, scientific and technological co-operation, scholarships and imputed student costs, and refugee costs.

A priority for Brazil is engaging in trilateral co-operation. Brazil partners with several international organisations (e.g. the United Nations Development Programme; the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; the World Food Programme; the International Labour Organization; the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO]) and DAC members (e.g. the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States). These programmes support developing countries (e.g. South American countries, Lusophone and other African countries, Haiti and Timor-Leste) in areas such as agriculture, food security, health and public administration.

Brazil’s development co-operation to multilateral organisations in 2016 was primarily channelled through the United Nations (67%) and the Inter-American Development Bank (33%).

Brazil is a Key Partner of the OECD. In 2017, Brazil participated in the DAC senior-level and high-level meetings as well as the meeting of the DAC Working Party on Development Finance Statistics (WP-STAT). Brazil also co-organised with the OECD an international seminar in Brasilia on “Trilateral Cooperation – Experiences and Challenges”.

“… in an increasingly interdependent world, peace, prosperity and human dignity do not depend only on national actions and international development co-operation is key to establish a more fair and peaceful international order […] Brazil has been using solutions created and developed domestically, in areas such as agriculture, education and public security, to support countries with similar challenges to overcome obstacles to their development.”

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, former President of Brazil (IPEA and ABC, 2010)

References

IPEA and ABC (2017), Coperação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento Internacional 2011-2013 (in Portuguese), Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada and Agência Brasileira de Cooperação, Brasilia, http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/images/stories/PDFs/livros/livros/161.

Chile

Chile’s total concessional finance for development reached USD 33 million in 2016, the same figure as 2015 (OECD estimates based on Government of Chile [2016; 2015] and websites of multilateral organisations). In 2016, Chile contributed USD 21.8 million to multilateral organisations.

In 2015, the Chilean Agency for International Co-operation was renamed the Chilean Agency for International Co-operation and Development (AGCID) to emphasise its developmental focus. The agency manages and co-ordinates incoming and outgoing bilateral, triangular and regional development co-operation.

Chile released a policy in 2015 that sets out its vision until 2030 based on the following principles: 1) promoting human dignity; 2) strengthening democracy; 3) promoting peace; 4) strengthening the role of Latin America and the Caribbean in global governance; and 5) supporting regional integration and convergence in Latin America and the Caribbean. This vision is being implemented through a strategy from 2015 to 2018 that emphasises promoting inclusive and sustainable development, the need for strong partnerships, and the importance of consolidating Chile’s national system for international co-operation, including a stronger role for the AGCID.

Chile’s priority partner countries are primarily in Latin America and the Caribbean, with differentiated strategies, through effective and flexible activities as well as replicable projects, aligned with national development strategies. Its co-operation programme is spread across a range of sectors, including governance and institutional strengthening; poverty reduction and social development; as well as inclusive and sustainable development. Chile’s bilateral co-operation is mostly provided in the form of technical assistance and scholarships. The AGCID had a budget of USD 10 million in 2015 and USD 10.5 million in 2016.

Chile is also engaged in triangular co-operation, partnering with several international organisations (e.g. the Inter-American Development Bank and the World Food Programme), Mexico and DAC members (e.g. Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Korea, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, Switzerland and the United States) to support development in other developing countries (e.g. Bolivia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala and Paraguay). For instance, Chile and Germany co-operate with Peru in the area of environmental governance within the scope of Peru’s aim of joining the OECD.

Chile’s development co-operation through multilateral organisations was primarily channelled through the United Nations (USD 10.4 million or 50%) and the Inter-American Development Bank (USD 10.8 million or 50%) in 2016.

Chile, which joined the OECD in 2010, is an observer to the Development Assistance Committee (DAC). In 2017, Chile participated in several meetings of the DAC, including its high-level and senior-level meetings, maintaining its observer status. During these DAC meetings, Chile often raised the issue of the appropriateness of the process of removing Chile from the DAC List of ODA Recipients, drawing on the findings from the report it commissioned on “First analysis of impact of graduation of Chile”.

Today, with its Co-operation Policy and Strategy for Development for 2015-2018, the AGCID upholds development co-operation as a pillar and an integral part of Chile’s foreign policy. The guidelines provided by the policies of International Co-operation for Development provide, for the first time, in a precise and detailed manner, the vision and main objectives of co-operation for Chilean development, implemented via the following roadmap: “2015-2018 Chilean Cooperation Strategy for Development”.

The policy and strategy affirm that development co-operation is strongly linked to human rights and is aimed at inclusive and sustainable development, all of which are the greatest challenges and priorities given the inequality gaps between and within the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean.

Chilean Agency for International Co-operation and Development (AGCID)

References

Government of Chile (2016), Informe de ejecución trimestral periodo 2016 (in Spanish), (accessed 16 March 2018), Ministry of Finance, Santiago, http://www.dipres.gob.cl/597/articles-152632_doc_pdf.pdf.

Government of Chile (2015), Informe de ejecución trimestral periodo 2015 (in Spanish), Ministry of Finance, Santiago, http://www.dipres.gob.cl/595/articles-141941_doc_pdf.pdf.

China (People’s Republic of China’s)

The People’s Republic of China’s (hereafter “China”) total concessional finance for development reached USD 3.6 billion in 2016, compared to USD 3.1 billion in 2015 (OECD estimates based on Government of China [2016] and websites of multilateral organisations). The increase is mainly due to a contribution of USD 1.1 billion to the newly created Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, of which USD 1 billion is considered development oriented. In 2016, China channelled USD 1.3 billion through multilateral organisations (including the contribution to the infrastructure bank). The second White Paper on China’s Foreign Aid includes information on the overall geographical and sectoral distribution of the Chinese programme between 2010 and 2012 (Government of China, 2014).

China’s Eight Principles for Economic Aid and Technical Assistance to Other Countries, announced by Premier Zhou Enlai in 1964, set out the core principles of China’s foreign development co-operation (Government of China, 1964).

The Ministry of Commerce’s Department of Foreign Assistance is at the centre of the Chinese system and manages over 90% of its bilateral funding. It is responsible for drafting the development co-operation budget and regulations, managing foreign development co-operation joint ventures, programming zero-interest loans and grants, and co-ordinating concessional loans with the China Exim Bank (the latter are not included in OECD estimates because little information is available on their objectives or financial terms). In March 2018, China announced plans to set up an international development co-operation agency.

China does not have specific priority countries (aside from the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea). Its grant aid is distributed more or less equally to some 120 partner countries. The main sectors are public facilities, industry and economic infrastructure. China offers eight different forms of co-operation with complete projects (turn-key projects) being the major modality. China also provides humanitarian assistance.

China engages in triangular co-operation, partnering with several international organisations (e.g. the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the World Bank) and DAC members (e.g. Australia, Denmark, Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States).

China is also a founding member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, a multilateral development bank with its headquarters in China. In 2016, China’s development co-operation through multilateral organisations was primarily channelled through this institution (80%).

China is a Key Partner of the OECD. In 2017, China participated in the Development Assistance Committee senior-level meeting.

“When providing foreign assistance, China adheres to the principles of not imposing any political conditions, not interfering in the internal affairs of the recipient countries and fully respecting their right to independently choosing their own paths and models of development. The basic principles China upholds in providing foreign assistance are mutual respect, equality, keeping promises, mutual benefit and win-win.”

Government White Paper on China’s Foreign Aid, 2014

References

Government of China (2016), “The central level expenditure budget table 2016” Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China, website in Chinese, (accessed 14 March 2018), http://yss.mof.gov.cn/2016czys/201603/t20160325_1924491.html.

Government of China (2014), China’s Foreign Aid, White Paper, Information Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-07/10/c_133474011.htm.

Government of China (1964), China’s Eight Principles for Economic Aid and Technical Assistance to Other Countries, Government of China, Beijing, http://english1.english.gov.cn/official/2011-04/21/content_1849913_10.htm.

Colombia

Colombia’s concessional finance for development channelled through multilateral organisations reached USD 44 million in 2016, compared to total concessional finance of USD 42 million in 2015 (OECD estimates based on Government of Colombia [2015] and websites of multilateral organisations). No publicly available information is available on Colombia’s bilateral development finance in 2016.

The Colombian Presidential Agency of International Co-operation (APC-Colombia), created in 2011, sets priorities and ensures alignment of Colombia’s development co-operation with its National Development Plan and foreign policy. The agency manages and co-ordinates Colombia’s incoming and outgoing development co-operation and, through the Roadmap for International Co-operation, sets out Colombia’s strengths and good practices that can be shared with other countries through South-South and triangular co-operation. The agency has also introduced a national co-ordination scheme as well as monitoring systems.

Through its South-South and triangular co-operation, Colombia shares its knowledge and experience in areas such as entrepreneurship, security, food security, culture, agricultural innovation, social development, climate change and disaster risk management, tourism, statistics, and employment policy. Seventy-four countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East benefited from Colombian programmes and policies in support of their own development efforts in 2015. In addition, Colombia is an active partner in developing projects in regional mechanisms such as the Pacific Alliance, the Ibero-American General Secretariat and the Forum for East Asia-Latin America Cooperation.

In its triangular co-operation activities, Colombia partners with several international organisations (e.g. the United Nations Population Fund and the Organization of American States) and Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members (e.g. Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Korea and the United States) to support other developing countries – mainly in Central America and the Caribbean – in a wide range of areas.

In 2016, Colombia’s development-oriented contributions through multilateral organisations were channelled through the United Nations (59%), the Inter-American Development Bank (26%) and the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (13%).

In 2017, Colombia, an OECD accession country, participated in the DAC senior-level and high-level meetings.

“… through technical co-operation, establish closer ties with regions of interest to the country, giving priority to its relation with countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. Consequently, the country will pursue regional strategies to reinforce South-South co-operation with the countries of the Caribbean basin and Central America, and design strategies for Africa and the Asia Pacific. Likewise, triangular co-operation will be used to increase the country’s offer …”

National Development Plan (2011-2014)

References

Government of Colombia (2014), Plan estratégico institucional y plan de acción annual (in Spanish), Presidential Agency of International Cooperation, Bogota.

Government of Colombia (2015), Informe de gestión 2015 (in Spanish), Presidential Agency of International Cooperation, Bogota, https://www.apccolombia.gov.co/sites/default/files/archivos_usuario/2016/07/informe-de-gestion-apc-colombia-2015_0.pdf.

Costa Rica

Costa Rica’s total concessional finance for development reached USD 8.5 million in 2016, compared to USD 10 million in 2015 (OECD estimates based on Government of Costa Rica [2016; 2015] and websites of multilateral organisations). In 2016, Costa Rica channelled USD 8.5 million through multilateral organisations.

The Directorate General for International Co-operation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs manages Costa Rica’s incoming and outgoing development co-operation. Fundecooperación para el Desarrollo Sostenible is a non-governmental organisation that is in charge of monitoring and administering the Programme of South-South Cooperation on Sustainable Development with Benin, Bhutan and Costa Rica as well as some triangular co-operation projects. It also acts as a platform for alliances among the government, civil society, academia and private stakeholders.

Costa Rica mainly provides development co-operation in the form of technical co-operation through bilateral and regional initiatives. Spain has a triangular co-operation fund to support Costa Rica in its triangular co-operation projects with other Central American and Caribbean countries (e.g. El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras) in areas such as social cohesion, competitiveness and production, and participative democracy. Costa Rica also participates in projects of the German Regional Fund for the Promotion of Triangular Co-operation in Latin America and the Caribbean.

In 2016, Costa Rica’s multilateral development co-operation was primarily channelled through the United Nations (30%) and the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (29%).

In 2017, Costa Rica, an OECD accession country, participated in the Development Assistance Committee senior-level and high-level meetings.

“Concerning the recent tendencies in international co-operation, Costa Rica has developed capacities in areas such as health, education, sustainable development and environmental protection. Among others, these constitute a co-operation offer with which Costa Rica aims at positioning itself in the international scene as a country that stands in solidarity with others and promotes new co-operation modalities …”

Strategy of International Co-operation of Costa Rica (2014-2022)

References

Government of Costa Rica (2016), Budget Law 2016 (in Spanish), Ministry of External Relationships and Worship, San José, http://www.hacienda.go.cr/docs/5669c545d0a92_Ley%202016%20SFM%20Titutlo%20204.pdf.

Government of Costa Rica (2015), Budget Law 2015 (in Spanish), Ministry of Finance, San José, http://www.hacienda.go.cr/docs/55255f1966c39_LeyActMarzo_204.pdf.

India

India’s total concessional development finance reached USD 1.7 billion in 2016, compared to USD 1.8 billion in 2015 (OECD estimates based on Government of India [2016]). India channelled USD 348 million through multilateral organisations in 2016, compared to USD 106 million in 2015. The increase is mainly due to a contribution of USD 335 million to the newly created Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, of which USD 285 million is considered development oriented.

The Development Partnership Administration within the Ministry of External Affairs co-ordinates India’s bilateral development co-operation. It manages grants and the Indian Technical & Economic Cooperation Programme. The Ministry of Finance manages multilateral assistance and exercises administrative oversight over the concessional loans and lines of credit provided by the Exim Bank.

India’s priority partner countries are its neighbours in South Asia. Between 2009 and 2015, Bhutan received 61% of India’s bilateral development co-operation, followed by Afghanistan (9%), Sri Lanka (7%), Nepal (5%), Bangladesh (3%), Myanmar (2%) and the Maldives (2%). Recently, co-operation with Africa has increased. The main sectors of India’s development co-operation are health, education, energy (hydropower) and information technology.

India is also engaged in triangular co-operation, partnering with several international organisations and Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members such as Japan, Norway, the United Kingdom, the United States and others.

In 2016, India’s multilateral flows were primarily channelled through the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (82%).

India is a Key Partner of the OECD. In 2017, India participated in the DAC high-level meeting.

India’s foreign policy is integrated with the national priority of sustained, rapid and inclusive socio-economic development. Our extensive engagement with the globalized world is guided by our desire for garnering an appropriate role for India in the changing international environment; by the imperative to maintain an atmosphere of peace, security and stability in the extended neighbourhood, that is conducive for national growth and development and by the need to enhance India’s economic and technological development by leveraging external linkages.

“Annual report 2011-2012” of the Ministry of External Affairs

References

Government of India (2016), Annual report 2016-2017, Ministry of Finance, New Delhi, https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Annual%20Report-2016-17-E.pdf.

OECD (2017), “Development finance of countries beyond the DAC” (webpage), (accessed 10 May 2018), http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/non-dac-reporting.htm.

Indonesia

Indonesia’s estimated development co-operation channelled through multilateral organisations reached USD 129 million in 2016, up from USD 14.2 million in 2015. This is due to a contribution to the newly created Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank of USD 134 million, of which USD 114 million is considered development-oriented. No publicly available information is available on Indonesia’s bilateral development co-operation for 2016.

Several government regulations, national plans and presidential instructions guide Indonesia’s development co-operation. The Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS) is responsible for developing and co-ordinating Indonesia’s national strategy for development co-operation. Together with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance and the State Secretariat, BAPPENAS constitutes the National Coordination Team on South-South and Triangular Cooperation.

Indonesia co-operates bilaterally with around 40 partner countries, most of them in Asia, in a variety of sectors. Bilateral co-operation consists mainly of scholarships and technical co-operation projects.

Indonesia is also engaged in triangular co-operation, partnering with several international organisations and Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members such as Germany, Japan, Norway, the United States and others.

According to OECD estimates, in 2016 Indonesia channelled most of its multilateral development co-operation through the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (89%).

Indonesia is a Key Partner of the OECD. In 2017, Indonesia participated in the DAC high-level meeting.

“As an emerging middle-income country with considerable development success, Indonesia has much to share with other countries in the region, and beyond, as well as opportunities to learn. Already involved in numerous elements of South-South cooperation for capacity development, the government of Indonesia and development partners commit to further strengthening regional processes and institutions facilitating South-South cooperation. Efforts at South-South cooperation will through time expand to include possibilities for financial assistance as well technical support from the government of Indonesia”.

Jakarta Commitment: Aid for Development Effectiveness, Indonesia’s Road Map to 2014, January 2009

References

Government of Indonesia (2009), Jakarta Commitment: Aid for Development Effectiveness, Indonesia’s Roadmap to 2014, Government of Indonesia, https://www.scribd.com/document/30674151/Jakarta-Commitment-Book-Eng.

Mexico

In 2016, Mexico’s international development co-operation reached USD 220 million, up from USD 207 million in 2015 (Government of Mexico, 2016). Mexico channelled 83% of the USD 220 million through multilateral organisations in 2016 (OECD estimates based on Government of Mexico, 2016; and websites of multilateral organisations).

The Law on International Co-operation for Development (2011) mandated the government to set up the International Development Co-operation Program and the Mexican Agency of International Development Cooperation (AMEXCID), as well as the tools necessary to programme, co-ordinate, implement, monitor, report and evaluate development co-operation. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has overall responsibility for Mexico’s development co-operation, which is co-ordinated by AMEXCID and implemented through public institutions.

Mexico’s priority partner countries are those in Latin America and the Caribbean, with a special focus on Central America. The priority sectors for its bilateral development co-operation are public administration, agriculture, environmental protection, statistics, education, science and technology, and health. Mexico’s bilateral development co-operation is provided mainly through technical and scientific co-operation provided by civil servants who are experts on the topic. The main mechanism for regional co-operation is the Mesoamerican Integration and Development Project that covers initiatives in public health, environmental sustainability, risk management, food security, trade facilitation, transport, energy and telecommunications. Based on the experience in Mesoamerica, Mexico has also launched other regional initiatives in the Caribbean and the Northern Triangle, for example in immigration. Mexico also financed infrastructure development in the region through the “Yucatán Fund”.

Mexico is engaged in triangular co-operation, partnering with DAC members (e.g. Germany, Japan and Spain), Chile and several international organisations (e.g. the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, the United Nations Children’s Fund [UNICEF], the United Nations Development Programme and the World Trade Organization) to support other developing countries, mainly in Latin America and the Caribbean. Mexico is also developing co-operation mechanisms with other partners, such as civil society, the private sector and foundations.

Mexico’s development co-operation through multilateral organisations in 2016 was primarily channelled through the World Bank (49%) and the Inter-American Development Bank (17%).

Mexico, which joined the OECD in 1994, is an observer to the DAC. In 2017, Mexico participated in several meetings of the DAC, including its high-level and senior-level meetings, as well as the meetings of DAC subsidiary bodies: the Network on Development Evaluation (EvalNet) and the Working Party on Development Finance Statistics (WP-STAT).

Mexican strategy for international co-operation is a public policy instrument with dual scope and benefits. On one hand, it is a tool that supports national development, capitalising the support and experience of foreign co-operating parties, mainly from developed countries or countries with a development level similar to Mexico’s. On the other, it is a foreign policy tool that allows the projection and articulation of Mexico’s national interests with peer foreign interlocutors, to promote sustainable development in Mexico and the world.

2010 Mexico Report on International Co-operation

References

Government of Mexico (2016), “Cooperación internacional para el desarrollo otorgada por México en 2016” webpage in Spanish, (accessed 16 March 2018), Mexican Agency for International Development Cooperation, http://www.gob.mx/amexcid/acciones-y-programas/cuantificacion-de-la-cooperacion-mexicana.

Government of Mexico (2015), “Cooperación internacional para el desarrollo otorgada por México en 2015”, webpage in Spanish, (accessed 5 February 2016), https://infoamexcid.sre.gob.mx/amexcid/ccid2013/index.html.

Qatar

The latest foreign aid report published by Qatar covers 2013 (Government of Qatar, 2014). Based on that report, the OECD estimates that Qatar’s development co-operation amounted to USD 1.3 billion in 2013, up from USD 543 million in 2012. More recent estimates by the OECD show that Qatar channelled USD 41.4 million through multilateral organisations in 2016, mainly through the Islamic Development Bank (61%) and the United Nations (39%) (information gathered through the websites of multilateral organisations).

Qatar views development co-operation as an integral part of its foreign policy. The Office of the Minister’s Assistant for International Cooperation Affairs in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible for development co-operation and humanitarian assistance, although most other ministries and governmental agencies can also work on development co-operation. The Qatar Development Fund is a public organisation established through Law 19 of 2002 mandated to co-ordinate and implement foreign development assistance on behalf of the state of Qatar.

In 2013, the main recipients of Qatari development co-operation were the Syrian Arab Republic, Morocco, the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Egypt, and Yemen. The main sectors were humanitarian aid, construction, and multi-sectoral and budget support.

Qatar is a Participant of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC).2 In 2017, Qatar participated in several meetings of the DAC, including its high-level and senior-level meetings, and attended the Arab-DAC Dialogue on Development (Bern, March 2017), being represented there by the state and the Qatar Development Fund.

“Helping countries achieve internationally agreed development goals is a major objective of several projects under Qatar’s international cooperation framework. Poverty reduction, including through employment creation in infrastructure projects, improved health and education as well as better management of the environment, are the main focus areas of Qatar’s international cooperation. The needs for humanitarian assistance have markedly increased with the rising number and severity of regional conflicts. […] Qatar is responding to these humanitarian emergencies through government assistance, as well as through support by its international NGOs and philanthropic foundations.”

Realising Qatar National Vision 2030 – The Right to Development, June 2015

References

Government of Qatar (2015), Realising Qatar National Vision 2030: The right to development, United Nations Development Programme, http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/qatar_nhdr4_english_15june2015.pdf.

Government of Qatar (2014), Foreign Aid Report 2013, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Doha.

South Africa

South Africa’s total concessional finance for development reached USD 95 million in 2016, compared to USD 100 million in 2015 (OECD estimates based on Government of South Africa [2016] and websites of multilateral organisations). In 2016, South Africa channelled USD 64.5 million through multilateral organisations. Beyond development co-operation, South Africa uses several other development finance instruments, including loan and equity investments provided by the Development Bank of Southern Africa and the Industrial Development Corporation, as well as payments to the Southern African Customs Union and expenditure in the area of peace and security.

The Strategic Plan 2015-2020 (Government of South Africa, 2015) of South Africa’s Department of International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO) emphasises co-operation with “the African continent” and “strengthening South-South relations”. DIRCO is responsible for strategy and foreign policy formulation, and other line ministries are involved in the implementation of development co-operation projects. The National Treasury has a co-ordinating function in terms of managing incoming official development assistance and funds for outgoing development co-operation. DIRCO and the National Treasury are on the advisory committee of the African Renaissance and International Cooperation Fund (ARF). All South African departments are eligible to apply for ARF funding for development co-operation projects. South Africa’s development co-operation structures may change when the South African Development Partnership Agency becomes operational under the Department of International Relations and Cooperation.

South Africa prioritises co-operation with the African continent, with a strong focus on member countries of the Southern African Development Community. The priority sectors of its bilateral development co-operation are peace, security, post-conflict reconstruction, regional integration, governance and humanitarian assistance. South Africa provides its bilateral development co-operation mostly in the form of technical co-operation.

South Africa is also engaged in triangular co-operation, partnering with several Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members (e.g. Canada, Germany, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United States) to support other African countries in areas such as governance, public security and post-conflict reconstruction.

In 2016, South Africa’s development co-operation through multilateral organisations was primarily channelled through regional organisations such as the African Development Bank (33%) and the African Union (18%).

South Africa is a Key Partner of the OECD. In 2017, South Africa participated in the DAC high-level and senior-level meetings.

“The premise of our foreign policy is that it is unsustainable in the long term, to have a South Africa that is thriving and experiencing abundant economic growth and development – within a southern African region or an African continent – that is experiencing poverty and underdevelopment. This is the basis of our argument that we need to ensure that we remain deeply involved in the political and economic revival (and development) of southern Africa and the continent as a whole.”

Maite Nkoana-Mashabane, Minister of International Relations and Cooperation (Strategic Plan 2010-2013)

References

Government of South Africa (2016), Annual Report 2015/16 Financial Year, Department of International Relations and Cooperation, http://www.dirco.gov.za/department/report_2015_2016/annual_report%202015_2016.pdf.

Government of South Africa (2015), Strategic Plan 2015-2020, Department of International Relations and Cooperation, Pretoria, http://www.dfa.gov.za/department/strategic_plan_2015_2018/strategic_plan2015_2020.pdf.

OECD (2017), “Development finance of countries beyond the DAC” webpage, (accessed 10 May 2018), http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/non-dac-reporting.htm.

Estimated gross concessional flows for development co-operation of countries that do not report to the OECD

Table 1. Estimates of gross concessional flows for development co-operation, 2012-16

Million USD

Country	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	Source
Brazil1	411	316	..	..	..	Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA) and Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC)
Chile	38	44	49	33	33	Ministry of Finance
China	3 123	2 997	3 401	3 113	3 615	Fiscal Yearbook, Ministry of Finance
Colombia	27	42	45	42	..	Strategic institutional plans, Presidential Agency of International Cooperation
Costa Rica	..	21	24	10	9	Annual budget laws, Ministry of Finance
India2	1 077	1 223	1 398	1 772	1695	Annual budget figures, Ministry of Finance
Indonesia	26	49	56	..	..	Ministry of National Development Planning
Mexico	203	526	169	207	220	Mexican Agency for International Development Cooperation (AMEXCID)
Qatar	543	1 344	..	..	..	Foreign aid reports, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
South Africa2	191	191	148	100	95	Estimates of public expenditures, National Treasury

Note: These data are OECD estimates of concessional flows for development from countries that do not report to DAC statistical systems. Unlike the figures of reporting countries, these estimates are on a gross basis because information on repayments is not available.

Estimates are based on publically available information and are therefore not necessarily complete or comparable. For some countries, estimates on funds channelled through multilateral organisations are based on data from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, www.aidflows.org; and websites of other multilateral organisations.

Data include only development-related contributions. This means local resources – financing from a country through multilateral organisations earmarked to programmes within that same country – are excluded. Moreover, as for reporting countries, coefficients are applied to core contributions to multilateral organisations that do not exclusively work in countries eligible for receiving ODA. These coefficients reflect the developmental part of the multilateral organisations’ activities.

.. Not available.

1. See note 11 at the end of this chapter.

2. Figures for India and South Africa are based on their fiscal years. For example, 2012 data correspond to fiscal year 2012/13.

Table 2. Estimated development-oriented contributions to and through multilateral organisations, 2016

Current million USD

	Brazil	Chile	China	Colombia	Costa Rica	India	Indonesia	Mexico	Qatar	South Africa
Total United Nations	84.5	10.4	229.0	25.9	2.6	47.4	14.7	16.4	16.0	10.6
United Nations Organization (18%)	16.9	1.8	34.9	1.4	0.2	3.2	2.2	1.2	1.2	0.1
Food and Agriculture Organization (51%)	20.5	1.4	3.8	5.0	0.2	0.5	-	3.0	-	0.6
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (60%)	14.2	2.2	14.1	0.7	0.1	2.9	0.9	0.0	3.0	0.9
World Health Organization (76%)	0.1	-	5.3	0.0	-	9.6	1.1	4.0	-	0.4
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (7%)	0.7	0.1	38.8	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1	2.4	1.0	0.1
World Food Programme (100%)	0.6	0.0	18.6	0.8	-	2.0	0.5	0.0	0.5	-
International Fund for Agricultural Development (100%)	3.5	0.4	6.2	0.3	0.0	0.8	0.4	1.7	0.2	0.4
International Labour Organization (60%)	8.2	1.2	15.7	0.7	0.4	-	1.0	1.2	0.5	2.6
UN Industrial Development Organization (100%)	6.5	0.7	15.0	0.7	0.1	0.6	0.8	4.7	0.5	0.8
International Atomic Energy Agency (33%)	-	-	-	-	-	0.1	-	-	-	-
UN Development Programme (100%)	0.0	0.5	4.0	0.9	0.7	5.0	0.8	0.1	0.1	1.0
Other United Nations	13.4	2.3	72.7	15.4	0.7	22.6	7.0	12.4	8.9	3.7
Total regional development banks	41.5	11.4	1 024.4	17.9	19.8	292.0	114.3	33.8	25.4	21.2
Inter-American Development Bank (100%)	41.5	11.4	0.10	11.4	1.7	-	-	31.0	-	-
African Development Bank (100%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	21.2
Islamic Development Bank (100%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	25.4	-
Central American Bank for Economic Integration (100%)	-	-	-	5.7	2.5	-	-	1.7	-	-
Asian Development Bank (100%)	-	-	10.0	-	-	7.5	-	-	-	-
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (85%)	-		1 012.5			284.5	114.3	-	-	-
Caribbean Development Bank (100%)	-	-	1.8	0.9	-	-	-	1.0	-	-
World Bank Group (total)	-	-	-	-	1.7	65.5		88.8	-	10.8
Other multilateral organisations		-	5.0	-	-	-	-	-	-	21.9
African Union (100%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	11.5
Global Environment Facility (100%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
The Global Fund (100%)	-	-	5.0	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.5
Southern African Development Community (100%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.3
Other organisations	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	42.5	-	9.6
Overall total	126.04	21.8	1 258.4	43.8	8.5	347.9	129.0	181.5	41.4	64.5

Note: Data include only development-related contributions. DAC coefficients – the percentage of an organisation’s core budget allocated to developmental purposes in developing countries (see first column in parenthesis) – are applied to core contributions. Lastly, local resources, financing from a country through multilateral organisations destined to programmes within that same country, are excluded.

The information in this table is mainly based on data from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), www.aidflows.org; and websites of other multilateral organisations and national publications of the countries involved. Not all data on contributions to multilateral organisations are made publicly available, so the presented information may not be complete.

Notes

← 1. Brazil’s development co-operation is significantly higher according to the official figures published by the Brazilian government. The OECD uses these data but, for the purposes of this analysis, only includes in its estimates: 1) activities in low and middle-income countries; and 2) contributions to multilateral agencies whose main aim is promoting the economic development and welfare of developing countries (or a percentage of these contributions when a multilateral agency does not work exclusively on developmental activities in developing countries). The OECD also excludes bilateral peacekeeping activities. Brazil’s official data may exclude some activities that would be included as development co-operation in DAC statistics, and so are also excluded from the OECD estimates that are based on Brazil’s own data.

← 2. As a Participant, Qatar can attend formal meetings of the DAC and its subsidiary bodies. A Participant may take part in discussions but does not take part in decision-making processes, nor is it bound by the DAC’s conclusions, proposals or decisions.