Latin American Economic Outlook 2019
Country Notes
Technical Note
LAC average is a simple average. It includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (hereafter “Venezuela”).
2017 (or latest) LAC average is exclusive of the following:
Cuba and Venezuela for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita,
Cuba, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela for labour productivity,
Cuba and Trinidad and Tobago for final consumption expenditure per capita for households and NPISHs (non-profit institutions serving households),
Cuba, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, and Trinidad and Tobago for total factor productivity (TFP),
Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela for poverty rates and Gini index,
Cuba and Puerto Rico for share of population that did not have enough money for food in past 12 months; change in forest area; CO2 emissions; share of population satisfied with air quality; share of population satisfied with water quality; share of population that believes in honesty in elections; share of population that thinks corruption is widespread throughout government; share of population with confidence in national government; share of population satisfied with roads; share of urban population satisfied with availability of quality healthcare; and share of population that feels safe walking alone at night,
Puerto Rico for Economic Complexity Index, infant mortality rate and total tax revenue as a share of GDP,
El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, and Trinidad and Tobago for average TFP,
Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, and Trinidad and Tobago for mean years of schooling,
Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, and Trinidad and Tobago for net enrolment rate,
Dominican Republic and Venezuela for homicide rate.
LAC average for mean PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) score in science only includes Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay for 2015 figures and Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and Uruguay for 2009 figures.
OECD average is a simple average that includes all country members of the OECD as of December 2018.
World Development Indicators, 2017 and 2007 (or latest available). Final consumption expenditure per capita data from households and NPISHs are from 2017, apart from Panama, Puerto Rico and Jamaica (2016) and Venezuela (2014). Data on PM2.5 air pollution and life expectancy at birth are from 2016. Maternal mortality ratio and homicide rate data are from 2015. Data on CO2 emissions are from 2014.
Own calculations based on data from World Bank, 2017. Labour productivity is calculated in terms of GDP per person employed (constant 2011 PPP USD).
Data from Centre for International Development, 2016 and 2006. The Economic Complexity Index is a measure of the knowledge in a society that gets translated into the products it makes.
Own calculations based on data from Conference Board, 2017. Average annual change in TFP, 2000-17 is a simple average of annual TFP growth between 2000 and 2017. TFP growth is calculated as the residual of GDP growth minus input contributions (labour quantity, labour quality and total capital).
Data from LAC Equity Lab, 2016 and 2007. Poverty and vulnerability data are based on 2016 figures for all countries except for Brazil, Chile and Honduras, for which only 2015 figures were available, and Guatemala, Nicaragua and Mexico, for which only 2014 figures were available. Argentina’s poverty figures only include the population of large cities (100 000 inhabitants or more).
Data from UNESCO, 2016 and 2007 (or latest available). Latest data available for mean years of schooling: Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Dominican Republic and Peru (2015) and Guatemala (2014).
Data from UNESCO, 2016 and 2007 (or latest available). Net enrolment rate data are from 2016 except for Panama (2015).
Data from Gallup, 2017 and 2007 (or latest available). Data comes from public opinion surveys using randomly selected, nationally representative samples.
Data from ILO, 2017 and 2007; extracted from World Development Indicators.
Data from OECD. Tax revenue data are from 2007 and 2016, PISA data are from 2009 and 2015, and SIGI data are from 2018. Data on mean PISA score for Argentina are not comparable as coverage is too small. The SIGI is built on 27 innovative variables measuring discriminatory social institutions, which are grouped into 4 dimensions: discrimination in the family, restricted physical integrity, restricted access to productive and financial resources, and restricted civil liberties. Lower values indicate lower levels of discrimination in social institutions: the SIGI ranges from 0% for no discrimination to 100% for very high discrimination.
References
Centre for International Development (2016), The Atlas of Economic Complexity (database), Center for International Development at Harvard University, www.atlas.cid.harvard.edu/ (accessed 18 December 2018).
Conference Board (2017), Total Economy Database (database), www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/index.cfm?id=27762 (accessed 16 November 2018).
ECLAC (2018), Observatorio Regional de Planificación para el Desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe [Regional Observatory of Planning for Development of Latin America and the Caribbean], Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Santiago, https://observatorioplanificacion.cepal.org/es (accessed 18 December 2018).
Gallup (2018), Gallup World Poll 2017 (database), www.gallup.com/home.aspx (accessed 13 November 2018).
ILO (2018), ILO Statistics (database), www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/lang--en/index.htm (accessed 7 November 2018).
OECD (2018), OECD.Stat (database), https://stats.oecd.org/ (accessed 7 December 2018).
OECD (2016), Table B1.2 - Results (tables): Science performance among 15-year-olds, in PISA 2015 Results (Volume I): Excellence and Equity in Education, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264266490-table120-en.
UNDP (2013), Human Development Reports (database), http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/change-forest-area-19902011 (accessed 12 November 2018).
UNESCO (2018), UIS.Statistics (database), http://data.uis.unesco.org/ (accessed 12 November 2018).
World Bank (2018), Latin America and Caribbean Equity Lab (database), www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/lac-equity-lab1/poverty/head-count (accessed 7 November 2018).
World Bank (2018), World Development Indicators (database), http://data.worldbank.org/ (accessed 6 November 2018).