OECD Economic Surveys: Poland 2020
Basic Statistics of Poland, 2019*
|
LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Population (million, 2018) |
38.0 |
Population density per km² (2018) |
124.0 |
(37.8) |
|
|
Under 15 (%, 2018) |
15.1 |
(17.8) |
Life expectancy at birth (years, 2018) |
77.8 |
(80.2) |
|
Over 65 (%, 2018) |
17.5 |
(17.1) |
Men (2018) |
73.9 |
(77.6) |
|
Foreign born (%, 2012) |
1.8 |
Women (2018) |
81.8 |
(82.8) |
|
|
Latest 5-year average growth (%) |
0.0 |
(0.6) |
Latest general election |
October-2019 |
|
|
ECONOMY |
|||||
|
Gross domestic product (GDP) |
Value added shares (%, 2018) |
||||
|
In current prices (billion USD) |
592.2 |
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
2.4 |
(2.5) |
|
|
In current prices (billion PLN) |
2 273.6 |
Industry including construction |
32.7 |
(27.3) |
|
|
Latest 5-year average real growth (%) |
4.3 |
(2.2) |
Services |
64.9 |
(70.2) |
|
Per capita (000 USD PPP, 2018) |
31.8 |
(46.4) |
|||
|
GENERAL GOVERNMENT |
|||||
|
Expenditure (OECD: 2018) |
42.0 |
(40.3) |
Gross financial debt (OECD: 2017) *** |
63.6 |
(109.0) |
|
Revenue (OECD: 2018) |
41.3 |
(37.3) |
Net financial debt (OECD: 2017) |
37.0 |
(69.0) |
|
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
|||||
|
Exchange rate (PLN per USD) |
3.84 |
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
|||
|
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1) |
1.75 |
Machinery and transport equipment |
38.0 |
||
|
In per cent of GDP |
Manufactured goods |
18.2 |
|||
|
Exports of goods and services |
55.8 |
(54.2) |
Miscellaneous manufactured articles |
17.1 |
|
|
Imports of goods and services |
50.5 |
(50.4) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
||
|
Current account balance |
0.4 |
(0.3) |
Machinery and transport equipment |
36.2 |
|
|
Net international investment position |
-50.4 |
Manufactured goods |
17.0 |
||
|
Miscellaneous manufactured articles |
13.0 |
||||
|
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
|||||
|
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %) |
54.4 |
(57.5) |
Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %) |
3.3 |
(5.4) |
|
Men |
63.1 |
(65.6) |
Youth (aged 15-24, %) |
9.9 |
(11.7) |
|
Women |
46.4 |
(49.9) |
Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %) |
0.7 |
(1.4) |
|
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %) |
56.2 |
(61.1) |
Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %, 2018) |
30.9 |
(36.9) |
|
Average hours worked per year |
1,806 |
(1,726) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2017) |
1.0 |
(2.6) |
|
ENVIRONMENT |
|||||
|
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe, 2018) |
2.8 |
(4.1) |
CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2018) |
8.1 |
( 8.9) |
|
Renewables (%, 2018) |
8.2 |
(10.5) |
Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m³, 2018) |
0.3 |
|
|
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 g/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2017) |
99.9 |
(58.7) |
Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2018) |
0.3 |
(0.5) |
|
SOCIETY |
|||||
|
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2017, OECD: 2016) |
0.275 |
(0.310) |
Education outcomes (PISA score, 2018) |
||
|
Relative poverty rate (%, 2017, OECD: 2016) |
9.6 |
(11.6) |
Reading |
512 |
(487) |
|
Median disposable household income (000 USD PPP, 2017, OECD: 2016) |
17.7 |
(23.9) |
Mathematics |
516 |
(489) |
|
Public and private spending (% of GDP) |
Science |
511 |
(489) |
||
|
Health care |
6.3 |
(8.8) |
Share of women in parliament (%) |
29.1 |
(30.7) |
|
Pensions (2014, OECD: 2015) |
11.2 |
(8.5) |
Net official development assistance (% of GNI, 2017) |
0.1 |
(0.4) |
|
Education (% of GNI, 2018) |
4.6 |
(4.5) |
|||
* The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table.
** Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.
*** National account definition. Public debt (Maastricht definition, as used in the main text) was at 45.7% of GDP in 2019.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, World Bank.