OECD Economic Surveys: Poland 2023

Basic Statistics of Poland, 2021

(Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average)*

LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE
Population (million)	37.7		Population density per km²	123.3	(38.7)
Under 15 (%)	15.4	(17.4)	Life expectancy at birth (years, 2020)	76.6	(79.0)
Over 65 (%)	18.8	(17.7)	Men (2020)	72.6	(76.2)
International migrant stock (% of population, 2019)	1.7	(13.2)	Women (2020)	80.8	(82.0)
Latest 5-year average growth (%)	-0.1	(0.5)	Latest general election	Oct-2019
ECONOMY
Gross domestic product (GDP)			Value added shares (%)
In current prices (billion USD)	680.2		Agriculture, forestry and fishing	2.6	(2.6)
In current prices (billion PLN)	2 623.9		Industry including construction	32.0	(26.6)
Latest 5-year average real growth (%)	4.0	(1.6)	Services	65.4	(70.8)
Per capita (thousand USD PPP)	38.1	(50.8)
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP
Expenditure	44.2	(46.4)	Gross financial debt	68.2	(111.9)
Revenue	42.4	(38.8)	Net financial debt	37.6	(70.7)
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS
Exchange rate (PLN per USD)	3.86		Main exports (% of total merchandise exports)
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1)	1.82		Machinery and transport equipment	36.4
In per cent of GDP			Manufactured goods	18.7
Exports of goods and services	57.9	(29.8)	Miscellaneous manufactured articles	17.9
Imports of goods and services	54.5	(29.9)	Main imports (% of total merchandise imports)
Current account balance	-1.5	(0.2)	Machinery and transport equipment	34.7
Net international investment position	-37.6		Manufactured goods	18.1
			Chemicals and related products, n.e.s.	14.4
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %)	55.3	(56.2)	Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %)	3.4	(6.1)
Men	63.5	(64.1)	Youth (aged 15-24, %)	11.9	(12.8)
Women	47.8	(48.7)	Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %)	0.9	(1.7)
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %)	57.2	(60.3)	Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %)	33.2	(39.9)
Average hours worked per year	1,830	(1,716)	Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2020)	1.4	(3.0)
ENVIRONMENT
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe)	2.9	(3.8)	CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes)	7.7	( 7.9)
Renewables (%)	11.8	(11.6)	Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m³, 2020)	0.2
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 g/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2019)	100.0	(61.7)	Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2020)	0.3	(0.5)
SOCIETY
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2018, OECD: latest available)	0.281	(0.315)	Education outcomes (PISA score, 2018)
Relative poverty rate (%, 2018)	9.8	(11.7)	Reading	512	(485)
Median disposable household income (thousand USD PPP, 2018)	19.1	(25.5)	Mathematics	516	(487)
Public and private spending (% of GDP)			Science	511	(487)
Health care (OECD: 2020)	6.6	(9.7)	Share of women in parliament (%)	28.3	(32.4)
Pensions (2019)	11.0	(9.5)	Net official development assistance (% of GNI, 2017)	0.1	(0.4)
Education (% of GNI, 2020)	4.4	(4.4)

note: The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table.

* Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.

Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank.