OECD Economic Surveys: Thailand 2023
Basic statistics of Thailand, 2022
|
LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Population (million, OECD: 2021) |
66.1 |
|
Population density per km² (OECD, 2021) |
128.8 |
(38.7) |
|
Under 15 (%) |
16.0 |
(17.4) |
Life expectancy at birth (years, 2021) |
78.7 |
(78.7) |
|
Over 65 (%) |
13.1 |
(17.7) |
Men (2021) |
74.5 |
(75.9) |
|
International migrant stock (% of population) |
4.5 |
(13.2) |
Women (2021) |
83.0 |
(81.7) |
|
Latest 5-year average growth (%) |
0.3 |
(0.5) |
Latest general election |
May 2023 |
|
|
ECONOMY |
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|
Gross domestic product (GDP) |
Value added shares (%, OECD: 2021) |
||||
|
In current prices (billion USD) |
495.3 |
|
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
8.8 |
(2.6) |
|
In current prices (billion THB) |
17 370.2 |
|
Industry including construction |
35.0 |
(26.6) |
|
Latest 5-year average real growth (%) |
0.8 |
(1.6) |
Services |
56.2 |
(70.8) |
|
Per capita (thousand USD PPP, 2021) |
17.1 |
(50.9) |
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|
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP |
|||||
|
Expenditure (2021) |
27.3 |
(46.3) |
Gross financial debt (2021) |
58.4 |
(107.5) |
|
Revenue (2021) |
20.2 |
(38.8) |
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|
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
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|
Exchange rate (THB per USD) |
35.07 |
|
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports, 2021) |
||
|
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1, 2021) |
12.04 |
|
Machinery and transport equipment |
44.2 |
|
|
In per cent of GDP |
|
Manufactured goods |
12.9 |
||
|
Exports of goods and services |
65.8 |
(33.3) |
Food and live animals |
12.2 |
|
|
Imports of goods and services |
68.1 |
(34.9) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports, 2021) |
||
|
Current account balance |
-3.5 |
(-1.1) |
Machinery and transport equipment |
34.4 |
|
|
Net international investment position |
0.3 |
|
Manufactured goods |
18.0 |
|
|
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials |
15.1 |
||||
|
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
|||||
|
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %, OECD: 2021) |
66.9 |
(57.5) |
Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %, OECD: 2021) |
1.3 |
(5.0) |
|
Men |
75.3 |
(65.4) |
Youth (aged 15-24, %, 2021) |
6.6 |
(10.9) |
|
Women |
59.2 |
(50.2) |
Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %) |
0.4 |
(1.2) |
|
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %, OECD: 2021) |
68.1 |
(60.9) |
Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %, OECD: 2021) |
20.5 |
(39.9) |
|
Mean weekly hours worked |
42.2 |
(36.5) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2021, OECD: 2020) |
1.2 |
(3.0) |
|
ENVIRONMENT |
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|
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe, OECD: 2021) |
1.9 |
(3.8) |
CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2021) |
4.2 |
(7.9) |
|
Renewables (%, OECD: 2021) |
20.7 |
(11.6) |
Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m³, 2020) |
3.1 |
|
|
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2019) |
99.7 |
(61.7) |
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|
SOCIETY |
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|
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2021, OECD: latest available) |
0.351 |
(0.315) |
Education outcomes (PISA score, 2018) |
||
|
Poverty gap at USD 6.85 a day (2017 PPP, %, 2021) |
2.4 |
Reading |
393 |
(485) |
|
|
Public and private spending (% of GDP) |
|
Mathematics |
419 |
(487) |
|
|
Health care (2020) |
4.4 |
(9.7) |
Science |
426 |
(487) |
|
Education (% of GNI, 2021) |
3.9 |
(4.4) |
Share of women in parliament (%) |
15.4 |
(32.5) |
|
Net official development assistance (% of GNI, 2017) |
0.0 |
(0.4) |
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Note: The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table.
* Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank, National Statistics Office of Thailand, and Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council of Thailand.