OECD Economic Surveys: United Kingdom 2022

Basic statistics of the United Kingdom, 2021

(Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average) ¹

LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE
Population (million, 2020)	67.2		Population density per km² (2020)	277.8	(38.7)
Under 15 (%, 2020)	17.7	(17.8)	Life expectancy at birth (years, 2020)	80.9	(79.7)
Over 65 (%, 2020)	18.7	(17.4)	Men (2020)	79.0	(77.0)
International migrant stock (% of population, 2019)	14.1	(13.2)	Women (2020)	82.9	(82.5)
Latest 5-year average growth (%)	0.6	(0.6)	Latest general election	December-2019
ECONOMY
Gross domestic product (GDP)			Value added shares (%, 2020)
In current prices (billion USD)	3 187.8		Agriculture, forestry and fishing	0.6	(2.7)
In current prices (billion GBP)	2 317.1		Industry including construction	18.8	(26.2)
Latest 5-year average real growth (%)	0.6	(1.5)	Services	80.5	(71.1)
Per capita (thousand USD PPP, 2020)	46.4	(46.2)
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP
Expenditure (OECD: 2020)	47.3	(48.5)	Gross financial debt (OECD: 2020)	143.1	(133.6)
Revenue (OECD: 2020)	39.0	(38.1)	Net financial debt (OECD: 2020)	105.0	(81.4)
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS
Exchange rate (GBP per USD)	0.73		Main exports (% of total merchandise exports)
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1)	0.69		Machinery and transport equipment	31.3
In per cent of GDP			Commodities and transactions, n.e.s.	17.6
Exports of goods and services	27.0	(54.6)	Chemicals and related products, n.e.s.	14.6
Imports of goods and services	28.2	(51.2)	Main imports (% of total merchandise imports)
Current account balance	-2.6	(0.0)	Machinery and transport equipment	30.4
Net international investment position	-31.3		Miscellaneous manufactured articles	13.8
			Manufactured goods	12.2
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %)	60.4	(56.2)	Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %)	4.5	(6.1)
Men	64.4	(64.1)	Youth (aged 15-24, %)	12.3	(12.8)
Women	56.6	(48.7)	Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %)	1.2	(2.0)
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %)	62.7	(60.3)	Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %, 2020)	49.4	(39.0)
Average hours worked per year	1,497	(1,716)	Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2018)	1.7	(2.6)
ENVIRONMENT
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe, 2020)	2.3	(3.7)	CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2019)	5.1	( 8.3)
Renewables (%, 2020)	13.9	(11.9)	Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m³, 2014)	0.1
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2019)	54.6	(61.7)	Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2020)	0.5	(0.5)
SOCIETY
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2019, OECD: latest available)	0.366	(0.316)	Education outcomes (PISA score, 2018)
Relative poverty rate (%, 2019, OECD: 2018)	12.4	(11.8)	Reading	504	(486)
Median disposable household income (thousand USD PPP, 2019, OECD: 2018)	25.4	(25.5)	Mathematics	502	(488)
Public and private spending (% of GDP)			Science	505	(487)
Health care (OECD: 2020)	11.9	(9.7)	Share of women in parliament (%)	34.3	(32.4)
Pensions (2017)	6.6	(8.6)	Net official development assistance (% of GNI, 2017)	0.7	(0.4)
Education (% of GNI, 2020)	5.4	(4.6)

¹ The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table.

² Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.

Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank.