2021 or latest available year (OECD values in parentheses)a
OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Israel 2023
Report
OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
Table of contents
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Basic statistics of Israel
|
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY |
||||||
|
Population (million) |
9 |
Population density per km2 |
425 |
(37) |
||
|
Share of population by type of region: |
|
|
|
Population compound annual growth rate, latest 5 years |
1.9 |
(0.6) |
|
Predominantly urban (%) |
68 |
(68) |
|
Income inequality (Gini coefficient) |
0.34 |
(0.32) |
|
Intermediate (%) |
32 |
.. |
Poverty rate (% of pop. with less than 50% median income) |
17 |
(12) |
|
|
Rural (%) |
.. |
(32) |
|
Life expectancy |
83 |
(81) |
|
ECONOMY AND EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
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|
Total GDP (National currency, billion) |
1 558 |
|
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
28 |
(29) |
|
|
Total GDP (USD billion, current prices and PPP) |
411 |
|
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
|||
|
GDP compound annual real growth rate, latest 5 years |
3.6 |
(1.5) |
Machinery and transport equipment |
32 |
||
|
GDP per capita (1 000 USD, current PPP) |
44 |
(49) |
|
Chemicals and related products |
26 |
|
|
Value added shares (%) |
|
|
|
Manufactured goods |
17 |
|
|
Agriculture |
1 |
(2) |
|
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
|
|
|
Industry including construction |
20 |
(24) |
|
Machinery and transport equipment |
36 |
|
|
Services |
78 |
(74) |
|
Manufactured goods |
17 |
|
|
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
29 |
(29) |
|
Chemicals and related products |
14 |
|
|
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Percentage of GDP |
||||||
|
Expenditure |
46 |
(48) |
|
Education expenditure |
7 |
(5) |
|
Revenue |
35 |
(38) |
|
Health expenditure |
5 |
(8) |
|
Gross financial debt |
88 |
(125) |
|
Environment protection expenditure |
0.6 |
(0.5) |
|
Fiscal balance |
-9 |
-(7) |
|
Environmental taxes: (% of GDP) |
2.3 |
(1.4) |
|
|
|
|
(% of total tax revenue) |
7.7 |
(4.6) |
|
|
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
||||||
|
Unemployment rate (% of civilian labour force) |
5 |
(6) |
|
Patent applications in environment-related technologies (% of all technologies, average of latest 3 years b |
7 |
(11) |
|
Tertiary educational attainment of 25-64-year-olds (%) |
50 |
(40) |
|
Environmental management |
2 |
(3) |
|
Gross expenditure on R&D, % of GDP |
5.4 |
(2.7) |
|
Climate change mitigation technologies |
5 |
(10) |
|
|
|
|
|
Climate change adaptation technologies |
2 |
(1) |
|
ENVIRONMENT |
||||||
|
Energy intensity: TES per capita (toe/cap.) |
2.3 |
(3.8) |
|
Road vehicle stock (vehicles/100 inhabitants) |
40 |
(67) |
|
TES per GDP (toe/1 000 USD, 2015 PPP) |
0.06 |
(0.09) |
|
Water stress (abstraction as % of available resources) |
45 |
(7) |
|
Renewables (% of TES) |
5 |
(12) |
|
Water abstraction per capita (m3/cap./year) |
138 |
(691) |
|
Carbon intensity (energy-related CO2): |
|
|
|
Municipal waste per capita (kg/capita) |
691 |
(534) |
|
Emissions per capita (t/cap.) |
6.2 |
(7.9) |
|
Material productivity (USD, 2015 PPP/DMC, kg) |
1.8 |
(2.5) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t/1 000 USD, 2015 PPP) |
0.16 |
(0.18) |
|
Land area (1 000 km2) |
22 |
|
|
GHG intensity: c |
|
|
|
% of arable land and permanent crops |
22 |
(11) |
|
Emissions per capita (t/cap.) |
8.8 |
(10.5) |
|
% of permanent meadows and pastures |
7 |
(23) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t/1 000 USD, 2015 PPP) |
0.23 |
(0.26) |
|
% of forest area |
6 |
(33) |
|
Mean population exposure to air pollution (PM2.5), µg/m3 |
19 |
(14) |
% of other land (built-up and other land) |
64 |
(32) |
|
a. Values earlier than 2015 are not taken into consideration. OECD value: where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of the latest available data is calculated where data exist for a significant number of countries.
b. Higher-value inventions that have sought protection in at least two jurisdictions.
c. Excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the OECD, IEA/OECD, EUROSTAT and the World Bank.