OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Latvia 2019
Basic statistics of Latvia
2018 or latest available year (OECD values in parentheses)a
|
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY |
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|
Population (million) |
1.9 |
(1 300) |
Population density per km2 |
29.9 |
(35.5) |
|
Share of population by type of region: |
Population compound annual growth rate, latest 5 years |
-1.1 |
(0.6) |
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|
Predominantly urban (%) |
51.6 |
(47.5) |
Income inequality (Gini coefficient) |
0.35 |
(0.32) |
|
Intermediate (%) |
26.5 |
(27.4) |
Poverty rate (% of pop. with less than 50% median income) |
74.7 |
(80.8) |
|
Rural (%) |
21.9 |
(25.1) |
Life expectancy |
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|
ECONOMY AND EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
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|
Total GDP (National currency, billion) |
29 |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
59.2 |
(28.9) |
|
|
Total GDP (USD, billion, current prices and PPPs) |
59 |
(60 068) |
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
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|
GDP compound annual real growth rate, latest 5 years |
3.2 |
(2.3) |
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal |
18.2 |
|
|
GDP per capita (1 000 USD current PPPs) |
30.5 |
(46.2) |
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; |
10.2 |
|
|
Value added shares (%) |
Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof |
8.0 |
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|
Agriculture |
3.9 |
(1.7) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
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|
Industry including construction |
22.4 |
(24.9) |
Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof |
11.7 |
|
|
Services |
73.7 |
(73.4) |
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof |
10.2 |
|
|
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
58.6 |
(29.4) |
Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes |
9.1 |
|
|
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Percentage of GDP |
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|
Expenditure |
37.8 |
(40.4) |
Education expenditure |
5.4 |
(5.1) |
|
Revenue |
36.4 |
(38.1) |
Health expenditure |
3.7 |
(7.7) |
|
Gross financial debt |
48.0 |
(110.4) |
Environment protection expenditure |
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
Fiscal balance |
-0.6 |
-(2.3) |
Environmental taxes: (% of GDP) |
3.8 |
(1.6) |
|
|
(% of total tax revenue) |
12.6 |
(5.3) |
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|
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
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|
Unemployment rate (% of civilian labour force) |
8.7 |
(5.8) |
Patent applications in environment-related technologies (% of all technologies, average of latest 3 years b |
13.2 |
(9.5) |
|
Tertiary educational attainment of 25-64 year-olds (%) |
33.9 |
(36.9) |
Environmental management |
8.0 |
(4.2) |
|
Gross expenditure on R&D, % of GDP |
0.5 |
(2.4) |
Water-related adaptation technologies |
0.0 |
(0.5) |
|
|
|
|
Climate change mitigation technologies |
9.7 |
(7.1) |
|
ENVIRONMENT |
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|
Energy intensity: TPES per capita (toe/cap.) |
2.4 |
(4.1) |
Road vehicle stock (vehicles./100 inhabitants) |
39.5 |
|
|
TPES per GDP (toe/1 000 USD, 2010 PPPs) |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
Water stress (abstraction as % of available resources) |
0.7 |
(9.7) |
|
Renewables (% of TPES) |
40.4 |
(10.2) |
Water abstraction per capita (m3/cap./year) |
114 |
(804) |
|
Carbon intensity (energy-related CO2): |
Municipal waste per capita, (kg/capita) |
436 |
(524) |
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|
Emissions per capita (t/cap.) |
3.5 |
(9.0) |
Material productivity (USD, 2010 PPPs/DMC, kg) |
1.1 |
(2.4) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t/1 000 USD, 010 PPP) |
0.15 |
(0.24) |
Land area (1 000 km2) |
62 |
(34 476) |
|
GHG intensity: c |
% of arable land and permanent crops |
20.8 |
(12.0) |
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|
Emissions per capita (t/cap.) |
5.7 |
(12.0) |
% of permanent meadows and pastures |
10.2 |
(22.4) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t/1 000 USD, 2010 PPP) |
0.25 |
(0.31) |
% of forest area |
54.0 |
(31.4) |
|
Mean population exposure to air pollution (PM2.5), µg/m3 |
14.1 |
(12.5) |
% of other land (built-up and other land) |
15.0 |
(34.3) |
a. Values earlier than 2013 are not taken into consideration. OECD value: where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of the latest available data is calculated where data exist for a significant number of countries.
b. Higher-value inventions that have sought protection in at least two jurisdictions. Average of the latest 3 years.
c. Excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the OECD, IEA/OECD, EUROSTAT and the World Bank.