OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: United Kingdom 2022
Basic statistics of the United Kingdom
2020 or latest available year (OECD values in parenthesis)1
|
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Population (million) |
68 |
Population density per km2 |
279 |
(36) |
|
|
Share of population by type of region |
Population annual growth rate, latest 5 years |
0.6 |
(0.6) |
||
|
Predominantly urban (%) |
74 |
(48) |
Income inequality (Gini coefficient) |
0.37 |
|
|
Intermediate (%) |
22 |
(28) |
Poverty rate (% of pop. with less than 50% med. income) |
12 |
|
|
Rural (%) |
4 |
(24) |
Life expectancy |
80 |
(81) |
|
ECONOMY AND EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
|||||
|
Total GDP (GBP billion) |
2112 |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
31 |
(29) |
|
|
Total GDP (USD billion, current PPPs) |
3136 |
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
|||
|
GDP compound annual real growth rate, latest 5 years |
-0.5 |
(0.8) |
Machinery and transport equipment |
34 |
|
|
GDP per capita (1 000 USD current PPPs) |
47 |
(45) |
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. |
16 |
|
|
Value added shares (%) |
Miscellaneous manufactured articles |
14 |
|||
|
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
1 |
(2) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
||
|
Industry including construction |
20 |
(24) |
Machinery and transport equipment |
31 |
|
|
Services |
79 |
(74) |
Commodities and transactions, n.e.s. |
16 |
|
|
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
30 |
(29) |
Miscellaneous manufactured articles |
14 |
|
|
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP |
|||||
|
Expenditure |
51 |
(48) |
Education expenditure |
4.9 |
(5.0) |
|
Revenue |
38 |
(38) |
Health expenditure |
7.7 |
(7.8) |
|
Gross financial debt |
154 |
(130) |
Environmental protection expenditure |
0.6 |
(0.5) |
|
Fiscal balance |
-12.9 |
-(10.4) |
Environmental taxes (% of GDP) |
2.1 |
(1.5) |
|
(% of total tax revenue) |
6.2 |
(5.0) |
|||
|
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
|||||
|
Unemployment rate (% of civilian labour force) |
4.6 |
(7.1) |
Patent in environment-related technologies (% of all technologies, average of latest 3 years)2 |
11.4 |
(11.6) |
|
Tertiary educational attainment of 25- to 64-year-olds (%) |
49 |
(39) |
Environmental management |
4.0 |
(3.9) |
|
Gross expenditure on R&D (% of GDP) |
1.8 |
(2.5) |
Climate mitigation technologies |
9.4 |
(9.5) |
|
Climate change adaptation technologies |
2.8 |
(2.2) |
|||
|
ENVIRONMENT |
|||||
|
Total Energy Supply (TES) intensity TES per capita (toe/cap.) |
2.3 |
(3.7) |
Road vehicle stock (vehicles/100 inhabitants) |
59 |
|
|
TES per GDP (toe/1 000 USD 2015 PPPs) |
0.06 |
(0.09) |
Water stress (abstraction as % of available resources) |
4.3 |
(8.6) |
|
Renewables (% of TES) |
13.9 |
(11.9) |
Water abstraction per capita (m3/cap./year) |
111 |
(696) |
|
Carbon intensity (energy-related CO2) |
Municipal waste per capita (kg/capita) |
455 |
(538) |
||
|
Emissions per capita (t/cap.) |
4.5 |
(8.3) |
Material productivity (USD, 2015 PPPs/DMC, kg) |
5.3 |
(2.9) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t/1 000 USD 2015 PPPs) |
0.12 |
(0.19) |
Land area (1 000 km2) |
242 |
|
|
GHG intensity3 |
% of arable land and permanent crops |
25 |
(11) |
||
|
Emissions per capita (t CO2 eq/cap.) |
6.7 |
(11.3) |
% of permanent meadows/pastures |
47 |
(23) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t CO2 eq/1 000 USD 2015 PPPs) |
0.15 |
(0.26) |
% of forest area |
13 |
(33) |
|
Mean population exposure to air pollution (PM2.5), μg/m3 |
10.0 |
(13.9) |
% of other land (built-up/other land) |
13 |
(32) |
1. Values earlier than 2014 are not taken into consideration. OECD value: where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for a significant number of countries.
2. Patent applications for higher-value inventions that have sought protection in at least two jurisdictions.
3. Excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry.
Source: Calculations based on data from databases of the OECD, Eurostat, IEA/OECD and World Bank.