Development Co-operation Report 2018

Switzerland

Leaving no one behind: Switzerland’s approach and priorities

Switzerland committed to leaving no one behind in the 2030 Agenda and plans to refer to it in the next parliamentary Dispatch on development co-operation (in 2021). The Swiss Agency for Development Co-operation (SDC) has a long-standing focus on multidimensional poverty, tackling root causes of exclusion and discrimination. In addition to its humanitarian aid, the SDC states that it meets its target to allocate 50% of its bilateral budget to fragile and conflict-affected countries, which it considers as the countries left behind.

The SDC considers that all individuals or groups excluded from sustainable development and lacking minimum standards of living are left behind. It is developing a working tool to address leaving no one behind which builds on the human rights-based approach it has mainstreamed. The tool identifies two pathways: 1) working towards an inclusive society where all groups benefit from minimum standards of living and mainstreaming “leave no one behind” through targeted actions on barriers to inclusion; and 2) prioritising groups in specific contexts and designing targeted programmes to enhance resilience and inclusion. It is also developing factsheets on what leave no one behind means in specific sectors and will integrate this approach in its results-based management tools.

For the SDC, the risk of weak political buy-in to reach the furthest behind is a challenge in some contexts. Lack of disaggregated data is also a challenge.

Financial flows from Switzerland to developing countries

Figure 41.1. Net resource flows to developing countries, 2006-16, Switzerland

Note: Data on other official flows are only available for 2006 and 2014-16.

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Figure 41.2. Net ODA: Trends in volume and as a share of GNI, 2006-17, Switzerland

P: preliminary data.

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Switzerland’s performance against commitments for effective development co-operation

Table 41.1. Results of the 2016 Global Partnership monitoring round (updated), Switzerland

Switzerland	Alignment and ownership by partner country (%)				Predictability (%)		Transparency
	Use of country-led results frameworks	Funding recorded in countries’ national budgets	Funding through countries’ systems	Untied ODA	Annual predictability	Medium-term predictability	Retrospective statistics (OECD CRS)	Information for forecasting (OECD FSS)	Publishing to IATI
2016	51.3%	44.6%	37.4%	94.3	77.3%	65.4%	fair	excellent	needs improvement
Baseline	-	35.6%	27.1%	94.6	75.7%	76.9%	fair	excellent	fair
Trend	-	⇑	⇑	⇓	⇑	⇓	=	=	⇓

Note: Please refer to Annex B for details on the indicators. Data on untied ODA, retrospective statistics and publishing to the IATI have been updated according to the latest information available.

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Switzerland’s official development assistance

In 2017, Switzerland provided USD 3.1 billion in net ODA (preliminary data), which represented 0.46% of gross national income (GNI) and a 13.9% decrease in real terms from 2016, due to lower levels of in-donor refugee costs reported. Under the expenditure stabilisation programme decided by the Federal Council for the period from 2017 to 2019, Switzerland’s official development assistance (ODA) will be at around 0.48% of GNI. In 2017, in-donor refugee costs were USD 285 million and represented 9.2% of Switzerland’s total net ODA, compared to 19.3% in 2016.

Switzerland’s share of untied ODA (excluding administrative costs and in-donor refugee costs) was 94.3% in 2016 (remaining stable from 94.6% in 2015), above the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) average of 81.2%. The grant element of total ODA was 100% in 2016. Loans amounted to 2.1% of gross ODA in 2016.

In 2016, 77.9% of ODA was provided bilaterally. Switzerland allocated 22.1% of total ODA as core contributions to multilateral organisations. In addition, it channelled 18.7% of its bilateral ODA to specific projects implemented by multilateral organisations (multi-bi/non-core contributions).

Figure 41.3. ODA composition in 2010-16 and distribution of multilateral ODA in 2016, Switzerland

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In 2016, 38.8% of bilateral ODA was programmed with partner countries. The share of country programmable aid was lower than the DAC country average (46.8%); project-type interventions made up 81% of this aid. Twenty-four per cent of bilateral ODA covered the costs of refugees in donor country.

Figure 41.4. Composition of bilateral ODA, 2016, gross disbursements, Switzerland

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In 2016, USD 821.6 million of bilateral ODA was channelled to and through civil society organisations (CSOs). Between 2015 and 2016, ODA channelled to and through CSOs decreased as a share of bilateral aid (from 30.9% to 28.8%).

Figure 41.5. Gross bilateral ODA disbursements to and through CSOs by type of CSO, 2010-16, Switzerland

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Bilateral ODA primarily focused on sub-Saharan Africa. In 2016, USD 500.4 million was allocated to sub-Saharan Africa, USD 286.4 million to south and central Asia, and USD 179.7 million to Eastern Europe.

Figure 41.6. Share of bilateral ODA by region, 2016, gross disbursements, Switzerland

Note: Forty-five per cent of bilateral ODA allocated was unspecified by region in 2016. This share is not represented on the map.

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In 2016, 12.7% of bilateral ODA went to Switzerland’s top 10 recipients. All countries on the list of top 10 recipients figure among the list of Switzerland’s 30 priority partner countries. Swiss support to fragile contexts reached USD 731 million in 2016 (26% of gross bilateral ODA). Support to fragile contexts consisted mainly of project-type interventions (62%) and contributions to pooled funds (34%).

Figure 41.7. Bilateral ODA to top recipients, 2016, gross disbursements, Switzerland

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In 2016, 20.6% of bilateral ODA was allocated to least developed countries (LDCs), amounting to USD 588.8 million. This share has decreased compared to 22.4% in 2015 and is in line with the DAC country average in 2016 (21.9%). The LDCs received the highest share of bilateral ODA in 2016, noting that 52.6% was unallocated by income group.

At 0.13% of its GNI in 2016, total ODA to the LDCs was lower than the UN target of 0.15% of GNI.

Figure 41.8. Bilateral ODA by income group, 2010-16, gross disbursements, Switzerland

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In 2016, 26% of bilateral ODA (USD 622 million) was allocated to social infrastructure and services, with a strong focus on support to government and civil society (USD 310.2 million) and education (USD 111.4 million). Humanitarian aid amounted to USD 366 million. In 2016, Switzerland committed USD 24.6 million (1.6% of bilateral allocable aid) to the mobilisation of domestic resources in developing countries. It also committed USD 355 million (22.8% of bilateral allocable aid) to promote aid for trade and to improve developing countries’ trade performance and integration into the world economy.

Figure 41.9. Share of gross bilateral ODA by sector, 2015-16, commitments, Switzerland

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USD 401.7 million of bilateral ODA supported gender equality. In 2016, 25.8% of Swiss aid had gender equality and women’s empowerment as a principal or significant objective, compared with the DAC country average of 36.5%. This is up from 2015 (14.5%). A high share of Switzerland’s aid to population and reproductive health focuses on gender.

Figure 41.10. Share of bilateral allocable ODA in support of gender equality by sector, 2016, commitments, Switzerland

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USD 388.4 million of bilateral ODA supported the environment. In 2016, 25% of Switzerland’s bilateral allocable aid supported the environment, compared with the DAC country average of 33%. In 2016, 20.9% (USD 324.6 million) of Swiss bilateral allocable aid focused specifically on climate change, compared with the DAC country average of 25.7%.

Figure 41.11. Bilateral allocable ODA in support of global and local environment objectives, 2010-16, commitments, Switzerland

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Note to reader: Annex B provides “Methodological notes on the profiles of Development Assistance Committee members”.