OECD Economic Surveys: Australia 2023

Basic Statistics of Australia, 2022

(Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average)1

LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE
Population	26,0		Population density per km²	3,4	(38,8)
Under 15	18,2	(17,2)	Life expectancy at birth (years, 2021)	83,3	(78,7)
Over 65	16,9	(18,0)	Men (2021)	81,3	(75,9)
International migrant stock (% of population, 2019)	30,0	(13,2)	Women (2021)	85,4	(81,7)
Latest 5-year average growth (%)	1,1	(0,4)	Latest general election	May-2022
ECONOMY
Gross domestic product (GDP)			Value added shares
In current prices (billion USD)	1.702,6		Agriculture, forestry and fishing	3,4	(2,8)
In current prices (billion AUD)	2 451,1		Industry including construction	29,8	(28,3)
Latest 5-year average real growth (%)	2,3	(1,7)	Services	66,8	(68,8)
Per capita (thousand USD PPP)	66,5	(57,4)
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP
Expenditure (OECD: 2021)	37,4	(45,9)	Gross financial debt (OECD 2021)	56,8	(106,7)
Revenue (OECD: 2021)	35,6	(38,6)	Net financial debt (OECD 2021)	2,6	(68,5)
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS
Exchange rate (AUD per USD)	1,44		Main exports (% of total merchandise exports)
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1)	1,42		Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials	42,6
In per cent of GDP			Crude materials, inedible, except fuels	31,6
Exports of goods and services	27,4	(33,4)	Food and live animals	9,0
Imports of goods and services	21,6	(34,8)	Main imports (% of total merchandise imports)
Current account balance	1,0	(-1,0)	Machinery and transport equipment	37,1
Net international investment position	-35,1		Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials	15,0
			Miscellaneous manufactured articles	14,0
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION
Employment rate (aged 15 and over,%)	64,2	(57,5)	Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %)	3,7	(5,0)
Men	68,4	(65,4)	Youth (aged 15-24, %)	8,2	(10,9)
Women	60,0	(50,1)	Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %, 2021, OECD 2022)	1,0	(1,2)
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %)	66,6	(60,9)	Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %)	51,5	(40,7)
Average hours worked per year	1 707	(1 752)	Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2019, OECD: 2020)	1,8	(3,0)
ENVIRONMENT
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe)	5,2	(3,8)	CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2021)	14,7	(7.9)
Renewables (%)	8,8	(12,0)	Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m³, 2021)	0,6
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2019)	0,0	(61,7)	Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2019, OECD: 2020)	0,5	(0,5)
SOCIETY
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2020, OECD: latest available)	0,318	(0,315)	Education outcomes (PISA score, 2018)
Relative poverty rate (%, 2020, OECD: 2019)	12,6	(11,4)	Reading	503	(485)
Median disposable household income (thousand USD PPP, 2020, OECD: 2019)	35,5	(27,4)	Mathematics	491	(487)
Public and private spending (% of GDP)			Science	503	(487)
Health care	10,0	(9,3)	Share of women in parliament (%)	38,4	(32,5)
Pensions (2019)	9,0	(9,5)	Net official development assistance (% of GNI, 2017)	0,2	(0,4)
Education (% of GNI, 2021)	5,0	(4,4)

Note: The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table.

1. Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.

Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank.