The PISA science framework received its most recent major updates when it was the major domain of assessment in PISA 2015. This framework for PISA 2015 was used also in PISA 2018 and 2022. It refined and extended the previous construct, which had been developed in the PISA 2006 framework that was also the basis for assessment in 2009 and 2012.
Scientific literacy is developed through science education that is both broad and applied. Thus, within this framework, the concept of scientific literacy refers both to a knowledge of science and of science-based technology. However, science and technology differ in their purposes, processes and products. Technology seeks the optimal solution to a human problem and there may be more than one optimal solution. In contrast, science seeks the answer to a specific question about the natural material world.
Scientific literacy also requires not just knowledge of the concepts and theories of science but also a knowledge of the common procedures and practices associated with scientific enquiry and how these enable science to advance. Therefore, individuals who are scientifically literate understand the major conceptions and ideas that form the foundation of scientific and technological thought; how such knowledge has been derived; and the degree to which such knowledge is justified by evidence or theoretical explanations.
Please see the full version of the science framework in the following link: PISA 2015 Assessment and Analytical Framework: Science, Reading, Mathematic, Financial Literacy and Collaborative Problem Solving | en | OECD