Note: * The Belgian Competition Authority has developed Guidelines on Competition Law to SMEs, which include a chapter on competition compliance programmes.
The Role of Guidelines in Fostering Competition Policy in Tunisia
Report
Competition Law and Policy Reviews
Table of contents
Share
Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Annex A. Data on guidelines in selected jurisdictions
Table A A.1. List of merger guidelines for selected jurisdictions
|
Jurisdiction |
Merger Guidelines |
Date |
Link |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Selected OECD members |
|||
|
Belgium |
- |
- |
- |
|
Canada |
Merger Review Process Guidelines |
2022 |
|
|
Procedures Guide for Notifiable Transactions and Advance Ruling Certificates Under the Competition Act |
2022 |
||
|
Hostile Transactions Interpretation Guidelines |
2011 |
||
|
Merger Enforcement Guidelines |
2011 |
||
|
Pre-Merger Notification Interpretation Guidelines |
2011 |
||
|
European Union |
Commission Notice on a simplified treatment for certain concentrations under Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 on the control of concentrations between undertakings |
2023 |
https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=C(2023)2401&lang=en |
|
Commission Consolidated Jurisdictional Notice under Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 on the control of concentrations between undertakings |
2008 |
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52008XC0416%2808%29 |
|
|
Guidelines on the assessment of non-horizontal mergers under the Council Regulation on the control of concentrations between undertakings |
2008 |
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52008XC1018%2803%29 |
|
|
Commission Notice on Case Referral in respect of concentrations |
2005 |
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A52005XC0305%2801%29 |
|
|
Commission Notice on restrictions directly related and necessary to concentrations |
2005 |
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52005XC0305(02)&from=EN |
|
|
Guidelines on the assessment of horizontal mergers under the Council Regulation on the control of concentrations between undertakings |
2004 |
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A52004XC0205%2802%29 |
|
|
France |
Merger review guidelines |
2020 |
https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/sites/default/files/Lignesdirectricesconcentrations2020.pdf |
|
Selected non-OECD members |
|||
|
Kenya |
Joint Venture Guidelines |
2021 |
|
|
Consolidated Guidelines on the Substantive Assessment of Mergers under the Competition Act |
Undated |
https://cak.go.ke/sites/default/files/guidelines/Consolidated%20Merger%20Guidelines.pdf |
|
|
Philippines |
Revised Guidelines on Letters of Non-Coverage from Compulsory Notification |
2019 |
https://phcc.gov.ph/guidelines-on-letters-of-non-notification-from-compulsory-notification/ |
|
Guidelines on Notification of Joint Ventures |
2018 |
https://phcc.gov.ph/guidelines-on-notification-of-joint-ventures/ |
|
|
Merger Review Guidelines |
2017 |
https://phcc.gov.ph/merger-review-guidelines-2/ (Online version is dated 2018) |
|
|
Guidelines on the Computation of Merger Notification Thresholds |
Undated |
https://phcc.gov.ph/guide-to-computing-merger-notification-thresholds/ |
|
|
South Africa |
Guidelines on small merger notification – Revised small merger guideline. |
2022 |
|
|
Guidelines for the determination of administrative penalties for failure to notify mergers and implementation of mergers contrary to the Competition Act No 89 of 1998, as amended. |
2019 |
||
|
Guidelines on the Assessment of Public Interest Provisions in Merger Regulation under the Competition Act No. 89 of 1998 |
2016 |
||
Note: Please note that this list has been confined to guidelines specifically focused on mergers. Other guidelines published by the competition authorities may also be relevant for the interpretation of the merger guidelines, for example, guidelines on market definition and guidelines on enforcement and remedies. Apart from Kenya, the Philippines and South Africa, the guidelines are not centrally located on the competition authorities’ websites.
Table A A.2. Comparative table of merger guidelines in selected jurisdictions
|
Jurisdiction |
Substantive test |
Scope of guidelines |
Market definition |
Market structure and concentration |
Competitive effects/market characteristics |
Special provisions |
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Dominance |
Restriction of competition |
Horizontal |
Vertical |
Conglomerate |
Product market |
Geographic market |
Market shares |
Concentration ratio (e.g. CR4) |
HHI |
Unilateral effects |
Coordinated effects |
Barriers to entry/expansion |
Buyer power |
Import competition |
Failing firm |
Innovation effects |
Efficiencies |
Financial strength |
Safe harbours |
Public interest |
Remedies |
|
|
Selected OECD members |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Belgium |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Canada |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
||
|
European Union |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|||
|
France |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|||
|
Selected non-OECD members |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Kenya |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
||
|
Philippines |
✓ |
✓ |
* |
* |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|||||
|
South Africa |
✓ |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Note: This table is inspired by the comparative table of scope of merger guidelines prepared as part of the International Competition Network (ICN) Merger Working Group Project on Merger Guidelines, 2004, https://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/MWG_MergerGuidelinesReport.pdf, p. 18. The table has been completed based only on the substantive merger guidelines in the selected jurisdictions.
Table A A.3. List of fining methodology guidelines for selected jurisdictions
|
Jurisdiction |
Fining Methodology Guidelines |
Date |
Link |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Selected OECD members |
|||
|
Belgium |
-* |
- |
- |
|
Canada |
-** |
- |
- |
|
European Union |
Guidelines on the method of setting fines imposed pursuant to Article 23(2)(a) of Regulation No 1/2003 |
2006 |
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A52006XC0901%2801%29 |
|
France |
Notice on the method for determining fines |
2021 |
https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/sites/default/files/Communique_sanction.pdf |
|
Selected non-OECD members |
|||
|
Kenya |
Competition Administrative Penalties and Settlement Guidelines |
2020 |
|
|
Philippines |
- |
- |
- |
|
South Africa |
Guidelines for the Determination of Administrative Penalties for Prohibited Practices |
2015 |
|
Note: * Although Belgium has developed fining guidelines, they refer to the European Commission guidelines, only presenting specific adaptations to the Belgian context (available at https://www.belgiancompetition.be/sites/default/files/content/download/files/20200525_lignes_directrices_amendes_richtsnoeren_geldboeten.pdf). For this reason, they were not considered in the review carried out in this report.
** Canada does not have specific guidelines on fining methodology. However, the Abuse of Dominance Enforcement Guidelines from 2019 have a section on remedies, including on administrative monetary penalties (available at https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/bureau-concurrence-canada/fr/comment-nous-favorisons-concurrence/education-sensibilisation/publications/lignes-directrices-labus-position-dominante). Given their limited scope, these guidelines were not considered in this report.
Table A A.4. List of leniency programme guidelines for selected jurisdictions
|
Jurisdiction |
Leniency Programme Guidelines |
Date |
Link |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Selected OECD members |
|||
|
Belgium |
Leniency Guidelines |
2020 |
|
|
Canada |
Immunity and Leniency Programs under the Competition Act |
2019 |
|
|
European Union |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Leniency |
2022 |
https://competition-policy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-10/leniency_FAQs_2.pdf |
|
France |
Procedure Notice regarding the French leniency programme |
2015 |
https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/sites/default/files/cpro_autorite_clemence_revise_0.pdf |
|
Selected non-OECD members |
|||
|
Kenya |
Leniency Program Guidelines |
2017 |
|
|
Philippines |
Leniency Program Frequently Asked Questions |
2019 |
https://www.phcc.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Leniency-Program-FAQs-09302020_final.pdf |
|
South Africa |
Corporate Leniency Policy |
2008 |
http://www.compcom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/CLP-public-version-120520081.pdf |
Note: *The Guidelines focus on horizontal mergers but note the underlying principles apply to vertical and conglomerate mergers. Separate guidelines on non-horizontal mergers will be prepared.
Table A A.5. List of compliance programme guidelines for selected jurisdictions
|
Jurisdiction |
Compliance Programme Guidelines |
Date |
Link |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Selected OECD members |
|||
|
Belgium |
Competition Rules – Guide for SMEs* |
2016 |
https://www.abc-bma.be/sites/default/files/content/download/files/20160704_conformite_pme.pdf |
|
Canada |
Corporate Compliance Programs |
2015 |
|
|
European Union |
Compliance Matters |
2012 |
|
|
France |
Framework document of 23 May 2022 on competition compliance programmes |
2022 |
|
|
Selected non-OECD members |
|||
|
Kenya |
- |
- |
- |
|
Philippines |
- |
- |
- |
|
South Africa |
- |
- |
- |