PISA 2018 Results (Volume V)
![](/adobe/dynamicmedia/deliver/dm-aid--9876bf01-640f-4ad5-9ebe-dcde17c6b36f/37.png?quality=80&preferwebp=true)
Annex B1. Results for countries and economies
Table V.B1.2.2 [1/4]. Brief or no attendance at pre-primary school, by students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile
Students who had not attended pre-primary school or who had attended for less than a year; results based on students’ reports
|
All students |
By student’s socio-economic status |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disadvantaged students1 |
Advantaged students |
Difference between advantaged and disadvantaged students |
|||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
11.5 |
(0.4) |
† |
15.1 |
(0.9) |
|
8.5 |
(0.6) |
-6.6 |
(1.1) |
|
||
Austria |
2.6 |
(0.3) |
|
5.1 |
(0.8) |
|
1.2 |
(0.3) |
-3.8 |
(0.8) |
|
||
Belgium |
1.6 |
(0.2) |
|
3.5 |
(0.5) |
† |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
-3.0 |
(0.5) |
† |
||
Canada |
14.6 |
(0.5) |
|
21.2 |
(0.9) |
|
8.9 |
(0.6) |
|
-12.3 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Chile |
4.5 |
(0.4) |
† |
8.7 |
(1.2) |
† |
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
-7.0 |
(1.3) |
† |
|
Colombia |
7.7 |
(0.5) |
|
11.9 |
(1.1) |
|
3.6 |
(0.5) |
|
-8.3 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
2.8 |
(0.2) |
|
5.6 |
(0.7) |
|
1.3 |
(0.3) |
|
-4.3 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Denmark |
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
2.0 |
(0.3) |
|
1.2 |
(0.5) |
|
-0.9 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Estonia |
4.1 |
(0.4) |
|
7.7 |
(1.1) |
|
2.4 |
(0.5) |
|
-5.4 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Finland |
2.3 |
(0.3) |
|
3.9 |
(0.7) |
|
1.2 |
(0.3) |
|
-2.6 |
(0.8) |
|
|
France |
1.5 |
(0.2) |
|
2.8 |
(0.6) |
|
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.0 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Germany |
2.2 |
(0.3) |
† |
4.5 |
(0.8) |
† |
1.0 |
(0.3) |
|
-3.5 |
(0.8) |
† |
|
Greece |
2.7 |
(0.3) |
|
4.5 |
(0.8) |
|
1.7 |
(0.4) |
|
-2.8 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Hungary |
0.6 |
(0.1) |
|
0.3 |
(0.2) |
|
0.7 |
(0.3) |
|
0.3 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Iceland |
1.6 |
(0.2) |
† |
3.4 |
(0.7) |
† |
1.2 |
(0.4) |
|
-2.2 |
(0.8) |
† |
|
Ireland |
10.3 |
(0.6) |
|
15.1 |
(1.3) |
|
6.6 |
(0.7) |
|
-8.5 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Israel |
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
2.8 |
(0.5) |
|
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.3 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Italy |
3.3 |
(0.3) |
|
5.1 |
(0.7) |
|
2.4 |
(0.4) |
|
-2.8 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Japan |
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
0.7 |
(0.3) |
† |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.6 |
(0.3) |
† |
|
Korea |
3.6 |
(0.3) |
|
4.5 |
(0.5) |
|
2.7 |
(0.4) |
|
-1.8 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Latvia |
5.1 |
(0.4) |
|
7.4 |
(1.0) |
|
4.4 |
(0.6) |
|
-3.0 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Lithuania |
16.1 |
(0.8) |
|
26.9 |
(1.9) |
|
9.3 |
(0.8) |
|
-17.6 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
5.2 |
(0.3) |
|
8.2 |
(0.9) |
|
2.4 |
(0.5) |
|
-5.9 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Mexico |
1.7 |
(0.3) |
|
4.2 |
(0.9) |
|
0.4 |
(0.2) |
|
-3.8 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Netherlands |
2.4 |
(0.3) |
|
4.4 |
(0.8) |
|
1.3 |
(0.3) |
|
-3.1 |
(0.9) |
|
|
New Zealand |
5.3 |
(0.4) |
|
9.2 |
(1.0) |
|
2.9 |
(0.4) |
|
-6.2 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Norway |
3.7 |
(0.3) |
† |
8.4 |
(0.9) |
† |
1.2 |
(0.3) |
|
-7.2 |
(0.9) |
† |
|
Poland |
17.2 |
(1.1) |
|
25.1 |
(1.8) |
|
8.3 |
(1.1) |
|
-16.7 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Portugal |
7.2 |
(0.4) |
|
11.1 |
(1.1) |
|
3.7 |
(0.6) |
|
-7.5 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
4.5 |
(0.4) |
|
11.0 |
(1.4) |
|
2.1 |
(0.4) |
|
-8.9 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Slovenia |
10.3 |
(0.5) |
|
19.7 |
(1.4) |
|
5.2 |
(0.8) |
|
-14.5 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Spain |
2.3 |
(0.2) |
|
4.0 |
(0.4) |
|
1.4 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.6 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Sweden |
4.2 |
(0.3) |
|
8.6 |
(0.9) |
|
1.6 |
(0.4) |
|
-7.0 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Switzerland |
3.4 |
(0.4) |
|
5.4 |
(0.8) |
|
2.3 |
(0.5) |
|
-3.1 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Turkey |
37.0 |
(1.1) |
|
54.4 |
(1.6) |
|
13.8 |
(1.3) |
|
-40.6 |
(2.0) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
4.5 |
(0.3) |
† |
7.6 |
(0.7) |
† |
2.3 |
(0.4) |
|
-5.3 |
(0.9) |
† |
|
United States |
18.2 |
(0.8) |
† |
26.9 |
(1.8) |
† |
8.6 |
(0.9) |
|
-18.2 |
(2.0) |
† |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
6.2 |
(0.1) |
|
10.0 |
(0.2) |
|
3.2 |
(0.1) |
|
-6.8 |
(0.2) |
|
1. A socio-economically disadvantaged (advantaged) student is a student in the bottom (top) quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in his or her own country/economy.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.2.2 [2/4]. Brief or no attendance at pre-primary school, by students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile
Students who had not attended pre-primary school or who had attended for less than a year; results based on students’ reports
|
All students |
By student’s socio-economic status |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disadvantaged students1 |
Advantaged students |
Difference between advantaged and disadvantaged students |
|||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
12.7 |
(0.6) |
|
13.8 |
(1.0) |
|
12.5 |
(1.0) |
|
-1.3 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Argentina |
3.0 |
(0.3) |
|
5.7 |
(0.9) |
|
1.3 |
(0.3) |
|
-4.4 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
45.1 |
(0.9) |
|
53.4 |
(1.4) |
|
37.2 |
(1.8) |
|
-16.2 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Belarus |
4.5 |
(0.6) |
|
7.8 |
(1.2) |
|
2.5 |
(0.5) |
|
-5.3 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
58.9 |
(1.0) |
|
74.1 |
(1.3) |
|
41.0 |
(1.3) |
|
-33.2 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Brazil |
9.9 |
(0.4) |
† |
14.9 |
(0.8) |
|
5.6 |
(0.6) |
|
-9.3 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
22.5 |
(0.6) |
|
41.6 |
(1.5) |
† |
6.6 |
(0.7) |
|
-35.1 |
(1.7) |
† |
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
1.3 |
(0.2) |
|
2.7 |
(0.5) |
|
0.5 |
(0.3) |
|
-2.2 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
5.1 |
(0.4) |
|
6.4 |
(0.8) |
|
5.3 |
(0.8) |
|
-1.1 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
9.9 |
(0.6) |
|
16.0 |
(1.2) |
|
6.8 |
(0.8) |
|
-9.2 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Croatia |
16.3 |
(0.8) |
|
27.4 |
(1.5) |
|
6.4 |
(0.9) |
|
-20.9 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Cyprus |
2.6 |
(0.3) |
|
3.7 |
(0.8) |
|
1.7 |
(0.4) |
|
-2.1 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
18.9 |
(0.9) |
|
28.4 |
(1.3) |
|
10.0 |
(1.1) |
† |
-18.4 |
(1.5) |
† |
|
Georgia |
19.7 |
(0.9) |
|
31.8 |
(2.0) |
|
11.8 |
(1.0) |
|
-20.0 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
2.2 |
(0.8) |
|
0.8 |
(0.3) |
|
-1.3 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Indonesia |
20.4 |
(1.4) |
|
35.4 |
(2.4) |
|
9.1 |
(1.2) |
|
-26.3 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Jordan |
11.6 |
(0.8) |
|
19.8 |
(2.0) |
|
7.3 |
(0.7) |
|
-12.5 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
48.7 |
(1.0) |
|
62.8 |
(1.3) |
|
34.5 |
(1.3) |
|
-28.3 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Kosovo |
33.2 |
(0.9) |
|
41.2 |
(1.9) |
|
25.0 |
(1.6) |
|
-16.3 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Lebanon |
10.4 |
(0.8) |
† |
12.5 |
(1.5) |
† |
7.6 |
(1.2) |
† |
-4.9 |
(1.9) |
† |
|
Macao (China) |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
1.5 |
(0.4) |
|
0.9 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.6 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Malaysia |
3.7 |
(0.3) |
|
5.6 |
(0.6) |
|
2.1 |
(0.4) |
|
-3.5 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Malta |
2.1 |
(0.3) |
|
1.7 |
(0.5) |
|
2.7 |
(0.5) |
|
0.9 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Moldova |
8.2 |
(0.8) |
|
14.3 |
(1.7) |
|
4.1 |
(0.5) |
|
-10.2 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Montenegro |
30.3 |
(0.6) |
|
45.4 |
(1.3) |
|
19.4 |
(1.0) |
|
-26.0 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Morocco |
27.0 |
(1.3) |
|
41.0 |
(2.0) |
|
14.1 |
(1.1) |
|
-26.9 |
(2.2) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Panama |
15.3 |
(0.7) |
|
19.2 |
(1.3) |
|
9.1 |
(1.0) |
|
-10.1 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Peru |
5.0 |
(0.4) |
|
11.0 |
(1.3) |
|
1.1 |
(0.3) |
|
-9.9 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Philippines |
11.4 |
(0.7) |
|
17.7 |
(1.6) |
|
6.4 |
(0.6) |
|
-11.2 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Qatar |
16.7 |
(0.4) |
† |
34.5 |
(0.9) |
† |
7.9 |
(0.6) |
|
-26.6 |
(1.0) |
† |
|
Romania |
2.3 |
(0.3) |
|
5.3 |
(0.9) |
|
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
-4.4 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Russia |
13.9 |
(1.0) |
|
21.8 |
(2.1) |
|
9.4 |
(0.8) |
|
-12.4 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
51.7 |
(1.5) |
† |
77.9 |
(1.6) |
† |
27.8 |
(1.6) |
† |
-50.1 |
(2.1) |
† |
|
Serbia |
2.5 |
(0.2) |
|
2.0 |
(0.3) |
|
2.8 |
(0.5) |
|
0.8 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Singapore |
1.7 |
(0.2) |
|
2.7 |
(0.5) |
† |
1.3 |
(0.4) |
|
-1.4 |
(0.6) |
† |
|
Chinese Taipei |
1.4 |
(0.2) |
† |
2.4 |
(0.5) |
† |
1.6 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.8 |
(0.6) |
† |
|
Thailand |
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
1.2 |
(0.4) |
|
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.4 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Ukraine |
18.5 |
(0.9) |
|
27.3 |
(2.1) |
|
13.2 |
(1.2) |
|
-14.2 |
(2.4) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
9.1 |
(0.3) |
† |
16.4 |
(0.8) |
† |
4.8 |
(0.7) |
|
-11.5 |
(1.0) |
† |
|
Uruguay |
3.3 |
(0.3) |
|
5.7 |
(0.7) |
|
1.7 |
(0.3) |
|
-4.1 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
3.4 |
(0.5) |
|
5.5 |
(1.2) |
|
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
-3.7 |
(1.3) |
|
1. A socio-economically disadvantaged (advantaged) student is a student in the bottom (top) quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in his or her own country/economy.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.2.2 [3/4]. Brief or no attendance at pre-primary school, by students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile
Students who had not attended pre-primary school or who had attended for less than a year; results based on students’ reports
|
By school’s socio-economic profile |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disadvantaged schools1 |
Advantaged schools |
Difference between advantaged and disadvantaged schools |
||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
||||||||||
Australia |
14.5 |
(0.9) |
† |
8.3 |
(0.8) |
|
-6.2 |
(1.2) |
† |
|
Austria |
4.9 |
(0.6) |
† |
1.7 |
(0.4) |
|
-3.1 |
(0.7) |
† |
|
Belgium |
3.5 |
(0.6) |
† |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.7 |
(0.7) |
† |
|
Canada |
18.1 |
(0.9) |
† |
8.6 |
(0.8) |
|
-9.5 |
(1.2) |
† |
|
Chile |
9.1 |
(1.2) |
† |
2.2 |
(0.4) |
|
-6.9 |
(1.3) |
† |
|
Colombia |
12.2 |
(1.3) |
|
3.3 |
(0.5) |
|
-8.9 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
5.8 |
(0.8) |
|
1.5 |
(0.3) |
|
-4.3 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Denmark |
1.7 |
(0.3) |
† |
0.8 |
(0.5) |
|
-0.8 |
(0.5) |
† |
|
Estonia |
7.4 |
(1.4) |
|
2.8 |
(0.4) |
|
-4.7 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Finland |
3.6 |
(0.7) |
|
1.3 |
(0.3) |
|
-2.3 |
(0.7) |
|
|
France |
4.5 |
(0.8) |
† |
0.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-4.2 |
(0.8) |
† |
|
Germany |
4.1 |
(0.8) |
† |
1.1 |
(0.4) |
|
-3.0 |
(0.9) |
† |
|
Greece |
5.5 |
(0.8) |
|
1.4 |
(0.3) |
|
-4.1 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Hungary |
0.8 |
(0.3) |
|
0.4 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.3 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Iceland |
2.1 |
(0.5) |
† |
1.1 |
(0.4) |
|
-1.0 |
(0.6) |
† |
|
Ireland |
16.0 |
(1.6) |
|
6.6 |
(0.7) |
|
-9.4 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Israel |
2.7 |
(0.5) |
† |
0.4 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.3 |
(0.6) |
† |
|
Italy |
5.0 |
(0.7) |
|
1.8 |
(0.4) |
|
-3.2 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Japan |
0.7 |
(0.3) |
† |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.6 |
(0.3) |
† |
|
Korea |
5.0 |
(0.8) |
|
2.8 |
(0.5) |
|
-2.2 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Latvia |
6.7 |
(1.0) |
|
5.2 |
(0.8) |
|
-1.5 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Lithuania |
30.9 |
(2.3) |
|
6.9 |
(0.8) |
|
-24.0 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
8.5 |
(0.9) |
† |
3.0 |
(0.5) |
|
-5.5 |
(1.0) |
† |
|
Mexico |
3.9 |
(0.8) |
|
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
-3.6 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Netherlands |
3.9 |
(0.7) |
|
1.9 |
(0.4) |
|
-2.0 |
(0.8) |
|
|
New Zealand |
8.9 |
(1.1) |
|
3.3 |
(0.5) |
|
-5.6 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Norway |
5.2 |
(0.7) |
† |
3.0 |
(0.6) |
† |
-2.2 |
(0.9) |
† |
|
Poland |
21.6 |
(2.5) |
|
9.7 |
(1.2) |
|
-12.0 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Portugal |
10.7 |
(1.3) |
|
3.8 |
(0.8) |
|
-6.9 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
10.8 |
(1.4) |
|
1.8 |
(0.4) |
|
-9.0 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Slovenia |
15.1 |
(1.3) |
|
5.7 |
(0.9) |
|
-9.4 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Spain |
2.7 |
(0.3) |
|
1.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.5 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Sweden |
8.2 |
(0.9) |
|
1.2 |
(0.3) |
|
-7.0 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Switzerland |
5.0 |
(0.7) |
|
2.6 |
(0.8) |
|
-2.4 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Turkey |
44.2 |
(2.2) |
|
18.3 |
(1.9) |
|
-25.9 |
(2.8) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
7.0 |
(0.9) |
† |
3.0 |
(0.5) |
|
-4.1 |
(1.0) |
† |
|
United States |
23.8 |
(1.9) |
† |
10.8 |
(1.4) |
† |
-13.0 |
(2.5) |
† |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
9.3 |
(0.2) |
|
3.5 |
(0.1) |
|
-5.8 |
(0.2) |
|
1. A socio-economically disadvantaged (advantaged) student is a student in the bottom (top) quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in his or her own country/economy.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.2.2 [4/4]. Brief or no attendance at pre-primary school, by students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile
Students who had not attended pre-primary school or who had attended for less than a year; results based on students’ reports
|
By school’s socio-economic profile |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disadvantaged schools1 |
Advantaged schools |
Difference between advantaged and disadvantaged schools |
||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
||||||||||
Albania |
15.7 |
(1.4) |
|
11.5 |
(1.1) |
|
-4.2 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Argentina |
6.8 |
(1.1) |
|
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
-6.0 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
52.0 |
(1.5) |
|
35.4 |
(2.3) |
|
-16.6 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Belarus |
7.9 |
(2.0) |
|
2.5 |
(0.4) |
|
-5.4 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
68.5 |
(2.0) |
|
48.8 |
(1.9) |
|
-19.7 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Brazil |
12.9 |
(1.2) |
† |
4.9 |
(0.7) |
|
-8.0 |
(1.4) |
† |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
38.6 |
(1.5) |
† |
5.0 |
(0.5) |
|
-33.6 |
(1.5) |
† |
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
2.4 |
(0.5) |
|
0.6 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.8 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
6.5 |
(0.9) |
|
5.4 |
(0.6) |
|
-1.1 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
14.8 |
(1.4) |
|
4.7 |
(0.7) |
|
-10.2 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Croatia |
25.6 |
(2.1) |
|
8.3 |
(1.3) |
|
-17.3 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Cyprus |
2.8 |
(0.8) |
† |
4.4 |
(0.6) |
|
1.6 |
(1.0) |
† |
|
Dominican Republic |
27.1 |
(1.7) |
|
6.3 |
(0.6) |
† |
-20.8 |
(1.8) |
† |
|
Georgia |
38.8 |
(3.0) |
|
8.9 |
(1.1) |
|
-29.9 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
2.2 |
(0.8) |
† |
0.7 |
(0.3) |
|
-1.5 |
(0.9) |
† |
|
Indonesia |
34.6 |
(3.2) |
|
8.2 |
(1.4) |
|
-26.4 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Jordan |
18.2 |
(2.6) |
|
8.2 |
(0.9) |
|
-10.0 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
61.3 |
(2.3) |
|
29.3 |
(1.7) |
|
-32.0 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Kosovo |
33.8 |
(2.3) |
|
32.4 |
(1.8) |
|
-1.4 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Lebanon |
11.1 |
(1.7) |
† |
9.6 |
(1.6) |
† |
-1.5 |
(2.4) |
† |
|
Macao (China) |
1.6 |
(0.5) |
|
0.8 |
(0.3) |
|
-0.8 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Malaysia |
5.1 |
(0.7) |
|
1.9 |
(0.4) |
|
-3.2 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Malta |
1.4 |
(0.5) |
|
3.5 |
(0.7) |
|
2.0 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Moldova |
15.1 |
(2.9) |
|
4.2 |
(0.6) |
|
-10.9 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Montenegro |
40.7 |
(1.5) |
|
19.0 |
(1.1) |
|
-21.7 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Morocco |
43.4 |
(2.5) |
|
10.8 |
(1.4) |
|
-32.5 |
(2.8) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Panama |
18.9 |
(1.5) |
|
9.1 |
(1.0) |
|
-9.8 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Peru |
10.3 |
(1.3) |
|
1.0 |
(0.3) |
|
-9.3 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Philippines |
14.8 |
(1.9) |
|
5.6 |
(0.7) |
|
-9.2 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Qatar |
34.5 |
(0.9) |
† |
5.4 |
(0.5) |
† |
-29.0 |
(1.0) |
† |
|
Romania |
4.9 |
(1.0) |
|
0.8 |
(0.3) |
|
-4.1 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Russia |
21.8 |
(2.6) |
|
10.9 |
(0.8) |
|
-10.8 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
74.5 |
(1.9) |
† |
28.1 |
(2.1) |
† |
-46.5 |
(2.9) |
† |
|
Serbia |
2.0 |
(0.3) |
|
3.0 |
(0.4) |
|
1.0 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Singapore |
2.0 |
(0.4) |
† |
2.0 |
(0.5) |
|
0.1 |
(0.6) |
† |
|
Chinese Taipei |
1.7 |
(0.3) |
† |
1.5 |
(0.3) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.4) |
† |
|
Thailand |
1.6 |
(0.6) |
|
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
-1.3 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Ukraine |
28.0 |
(3.0) |
|
12.5 |
(1.4) |
|
-15.5 |
(3.3) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
16.6 |
(0.8) |
† |
4.6 |
(0.6) |
|
-12.0 |
(0.9) |
† |
|
Uruguay |
6.0 |
(0.7) |
|
0.7 |
(0.3) |
|
-5.3 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
4.8 |
(1.3) |
|
3.2 |
(0.7) |
|
-1.5 |
(1.5) |
|
1. A socio-economically disadvantaged (advantaged) student is a student in the bottom (top) quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in his or her own country/economy.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.2.10 [1/8]. Grade repetition, school characteristics and reading performance
Results based on principals’ reports
|
All students |
By school socio-economic profile1 |
||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average |
Variability |
Bottom quarter |
Second quarter |
Third quarter |
Top quarter |
Top - bottom quarter |
||||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
S.D. |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
5.9 |
(0.2) |
|
23.5 |
(0.4) |
|
8.0 |
(0.6) |
|
5.5 |
(0.5) |
|
5.3 |
(0.4) |
|
4.6 |
(0.5) |
|
-3.4 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Austria |
14.4 |
(0.6) |
|
35.1 |
(0.7) |
|
23.8 |
(2.0) |
|
15.3 |
(1.7) |
|
8.8 |
(1.2) |
|
10.3 |
(1.2) |
|
-13.5 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Belgium |
30.8 |
(0.7) |
|
46.2 |
(0.3) |
|
58.4 |
(2.0) |
|
38.2 |
(1.6) |
|
21.4 |
(1.6) |
|
10.3 |
(0.9) |
|
-48.1 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Canada |
5.4 |
(0.3) |
|
22.6 |
(0.5) |
|
10.8 |
(1.0) |
|
5.4 |
(0.6) |
|
3.7 |
(0.4) |
|
2.1 |
(0.3) |
|
-8.7 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Chile |
23.2 |
(0.9) |
|
42.2 |
(0.6) |
|
35.6 |
(2.5) |
|
29.7 |
(2.0) |
|
18.8 |
(2.4) |
|
9.1 |
(1.0) |
|
-26.5 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Colombia |
40.8 |
(1.0) |
|
49.2 |
(0.2) |
|
45.3 |
(2.2) |
|
46.4 |
(2.2) |
|
43.0 |
(2.3) |
|
28.7 |
(2.4) |
|
-16.5 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
4.6 |
(0.5) |
|
20.9 |
(1.2) |
|
12.3 |
(1.9) |
|
3.1 |
(0.8) |
|
2.3 |
(0.6) |
|
1.0 |
(0.3) |
|
-11.3 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Denmark |
3.2 |
(0.2) |
|
17.5 |
(0.6) |
|
5.1 |
(0.6) |
|
3.0 |
(0.5) |
|
3.3 |
(0.6) |
|
1.4 |
(0.4) |
|
-3.7 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Estonia |
2.9 |
(0.3) |
|
16.8 |
(0.8) |
|
4.6 |
(0.9) |
|
2.8 |
(0.5) |
|
2.6 |
(0.4) |
|
1.5 |
(0.4) |
|
-3.1 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Finland |
3.3 |
(0.2) |
|
17.9 |
(0.6) |
|
4.5 |
(0.6) |
|
3.4 |
(0.6) |
|
2.8 |
(0.5) |
|
2.7 |
(0.4) |
|
-1.9 |
(0.7) |
|
|
France |
16.6 |
(0.6) |
|
37.2 |
(0.6) |
|
48.5 |
(2.9) |
|
12.2 |
(2.7) |
|
3.7 |
(1.6) |
|
2.1 |
(0.9) |
|
-46.4 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Germany |
19.6 |
(0.9) |
|
39.7 |
(0.7) |
|
33.6 |
(2.8) |
|
22.8 |
(2.4) |
|
16.7 |
(1.7) |
|
7.8 |
(1.4) |
|
-25.8 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Greece |
4.0 |
(0.5) |
|
19.6 |
(1.1) |
|
12.5 |
(1.7) |
|
1.8 |
(0.6) |
|
1.2 |
(0.5) |
|
0.7 |
(0.4) |
|
-11.8 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Hungary |
8.5 |
(0.4) |
|
27.9 |
(0.6) |
|
23.5 |
(2.0) |
|
5.6 |
(1.6) |
|
3.0 |
(0.8) |
|
2.0 |
(0.5) |
|
-21.6 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Iceland |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
9.5 |
(0.9) |
|
1.3 |
(0.4) |
|
1.1 |
(0.4) |
|
0.9 |
(0.3) |
|
0.4 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.0 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Ireland |
6.1 |
(0.4) |
|
24.0 |
(0.8) |
|
9.0 |
(1.4) |
|
4.9 |
(1.1) |
|
6.2 |
(0.9) |
|
4.5 |
(0.6) |
|
-4.5 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Israel |
9.0 |
(0.7) |
|
28.7 |
(1.0) |
|
25.0 |
(1.7) |
|
8.8 |
(2.6) |
|
2.6 |
(1.1) |
|
1.0 |
(0.3) |
|
-24.0 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Italy |
13.2 |
(0.5) |
|
33.9 |
(0.6) |
|
25.7 |
(1.6) |
|
14.9 |
(1.3) |
|
8.4 |
(1.0) |
|
3.9 |
(0.6) |
|
-21.8 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Japan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Korea |
4.5 |
(0.3) |
|
20.6 |
(0.6) |
|
5.6 |
(0.7) |
|
4.2 |
(0.6) |
|
4.2 |
(0.6) |
|
3.8 |
(0.5) |
|
-1.8 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Latvia |
3.7 |
(0.3) |
|
18.9 |
(0.8) |
|
7.3 |
(0.9) |
|
4.5 |
(0.8) |
|
1.7 |
(0.4) |
|
1.3 |
(0.3) |
|
-6.1 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Lithuania |
2.0 |
(0.2) |
|
14.1 |
(0.7) |
|
4.4 |
(0.7) |
|
1.5 |
(0.5) |
|
1.4 |
(0.5) |
|
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
-3.6 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
32.2 |
(0.6) |
|
46.7 |
(0.2) |
|
50.1 |
(1.2) |
|
42.9 |
(1.2) |
|
24.2 |
(1.1) |
|
11.8 |
(0.8) |
|
-38.2 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Mexico |
15.0 |
(0.9) |
|
35.7 |
(0.9) |
|
31.3 |
(4.4) |
|
9.8 |
(3.0) |
|
13.4 |
(3.9) |
|
5.0 |
(1.4) |
|
-26.2 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Netherlands |
17.3 |
(0.7) |
|
37.8 |
(0.6) |
|
26.9 |
(1.7) |
|
22.6 |
(1.9) |
|
13.0 |
(1.6) |
|
11.4 |
(1.3) |
|
-15.6 |
(2.1) |
|
|
New Zealand |
5.6 |
(0.3) |
|
22.9 |
(0.6) |
|
6.9 |
(0.8) |
|
4.4 |
(0.8) |
|
5.9 |
(0.7) |
|
5.1 |
(0.7) |
|
-1.9 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Norway |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Poland |
3.3 |
(0.3) |
|
17.8 |
(0.9) |
|
5.5 |
(1.0) |
|
3.8 |
(1.0) |
|
3.1 |
(0.9) |
|
0.7 |
(0.2) |
|
-4.8 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Portugal |
26.6 |
(1.2) |
|
44.2 |
(0.7) |
|
46.7 |
(3.9) |
|
28.6 |
(4.2) |
|
22.4 |
(4.3) |
|
8.7 |
(1.1) |
|
-38.1 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
5.5 |
(0.5) |
|
22.9 |
(0.9) |
|
16.0 |
(1.9) |
|
4.4 |
(0.7) |
|
2.2 |
(0.5) |
|
0.5 |
(0.3) |
|
-15.5 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Slovenia |
3.6 |
(0.5) |
|
18.6 |
(1.2) |
|
8.4 |
(2.0) |
|
3.4 |
(1.2) |
|
2.2 |
(0.8) |
|
0.6 |
(0.3) |
|
-7.8 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Spain |
28.7 |
(0.5) |
|
45.2 |
(0.3) |
|
43.3 |
(1.2) |
|
32.3 |
(1.4) |
|
24.6 |
(1.2) |
|
14.7 |
(0.7) |
|
-28.5 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Sweden |
3.5 |
(0.3) |
|
18.3 |
(0.8) |
|
7.6 |
(1.1) |
|
2.9 |
(0.4) |
|
2.3 |
(0.4) |
|
1.1 |
(0.3) |
|
-6.5 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Switzerland |
17.6 |
(0.8) |
|
38.1 |
(0.7) |
|
27.5 |
(2.4) |
|
20.9 |
(2.4) |
|
13.9 |
(2.1) |
|
8.1 |
(1.3) |
|
-19.4 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Turkey |
7.4 |
(0.5) |
|
26.2 |
(0.8) |
|
14.3 |
(1.7) |
|
6.9 |
(1.5) |
|
6.2 |
(1.1) |
|
2.1 |
(0.7) |
|
-12.3 |
(1.9) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
2.5 |
(0.3) |
|
15.7 |
(0.8) |
|
4.8 |
(0.8) |
|
2.0 |
(0.8) |
|
1.3 |
(0.3) |
|
2.1 |
(0.4) |
|
-2.7 |
(0.8) |
|
|
United States |
9.1 |
(0.6) |
|
28.8 |
(0.9) |
|
14.9 |
(1.3) |
|
12.4 |
(1.4) |
|
6.4 |
(1.1) |
|
3.0 |
(0.6) |
|
-11.9 |
(1.4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
11.4 |
(0.1) |
|
28.1 |
(0.1) |
|
20.3 |
(0.3) |
|
12.3 |
(0.3) |
|
8.7 |
(0.2) |
|
5.0 |
(0.1) |
|
-15.3 |
(0.3) |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimerNote: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Table V.B1.2.10 [2/8]. Grade repetition, school characteristics and reading performance
Results based on principals’ reports
|
All students |
By school socio-economic profile1 |
||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average |
Variability |
Bottom quarter |
Second quarter |
Third quarter |
Top quarter |
Top - bottom quarter |
||||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
S.D. |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
3.3 |
(0.3) |
|
17.8 |
(0.8) |
|
7.0 |
(1.0) |
|
2.7 |
(0.5) |
|
1.9 |
(0.4) |
|
1.6 |
(0.6) |
|
-5.3 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Argentina |
29.2 |
(1.1) |
|
45.5 |
(0.5) |
|
49.5 |
(2.3) |
|
36.3 |
(3.1) |
|
22.7 |
(2.1) |
|
9.1 |
(1.4) |
|
-40.3 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
2.7 |
(0.2) |
|
16.3 |
(0.6) |
|
3.4 |
(0.7) |
|
2.7 |
(0.4) |
|
2.7 |
(0.4) |
|
2.2 |
(0.4) |
|
-1.2 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Belarus |
1.4 |
(0.2) |
|
11.9 |
(0.7) |
|
1.7 |
(0.4) |
|
2.1 |
(0.5) |
|
1.2 |
(0.5) |
|
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.0 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
1.9 |
(0.2) |
|
13.6 |
(0.7) |
|
3.0 |
(0.5) |
|
2.7 |
(0.7) |
|
1.2 |
(0.4) |
|
0.6 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.4 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Brazil |
34.1 |
(1.0) |
|
47.4 |
(0.3) |
|
51.8 |
(2.4) |
|
36.5 |
(2.1) |
|
31.7 |
(2.1) |
|
16.7 |
(1.4) |
|
-35.1 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
12.0 |
(0.3) |
|
32.5 |
(0.3) |
|
15.5 |
(0.7) |
|
14.1 |
(0.7) |
|
12.9 |
(0.7) |
|
5.5 |
(0.4) |
|
-10.0 |
(0.8) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
8.3 |
(0.7) |
|
27.6 |
(1.1) |
|
18.3 |
(2.2) |
|
6.4 |
(2.1) |
|
6.7 |
(1.4) |
|
1.8 |
(0.5) |
|
-16.5 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
4.5 |
(0.5) |
|
20.7 |
(1.1) |
|
10.8 |
(1.5) |
|
3.3 |
(1.7) |
|
3.0 |
(0.8) |
|
0.9 |
(0.3) |
|
-10.0 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
28.1 |
(1.2) |
|
44.9 |
(0.6) |
|
38.1 |
(2.4) |
|
32.3 |
(1.9) |
|
31.1 |
(2.9) |
|
10.6 |
(2.8) |
|
-27.6 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Croatia |
1.5 |
(0.2) |
|
12.3 |
(0.7) |
|
2.7 |
(0.5) |
|
1.6 |
(0.4) |
|
1.6 |
(0.4) |
|
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
-2.5 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Cyprus |
3.9 |
(0.4) |
|
19.5 |
(1.0) |
|
8.5 |
(1.3) |
|
1.3 |
(0.3) |
|
2.5 |
(0.4) |
|
3.5 |
(0.5) |
|
-5.1 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
32.5 |
(1.2) |
|
46.8 |
(0.5) |
|
47.1 |
(2.7) |
|
38.3 |
(2.5) |
|
33.5 |
(3.5) |
|
11.7 |
(2.2) |
|
-35.4 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Georgia |
3.3 |
(0.3) |
|
17.8 |
(0.8) |
|
5.4 |
(0.9) |
|
3.4 |
(0.6) |
|
2.5 |
(0.6) |
|
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
-3.6 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
15.7 |
(0.7) |
|
36.4 |
(0.6) |
|
27.0 |
(2.2) |
|
15.2 |
(1.8) |
|
12.8 |
(1.5) |
|
8.0 |
(1.0) |
|
-19.0 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Indonesia |
15.5 |
(0.9) |
|
36.2 |
(0.9) |
|
19.9 |
(2.9) |
|
21.7 |
(2.4) |
|
14.2 |
(1.9) |
|
5.7 |
(1.7) |
|
-14.2 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Jordan |
10.8 |
(0.6) |
|
31.0 |
(0.7) |
|
17.7 |
(1.9) |
|
10.3 |
(1.3) |
|
9.2 |
(1.2) |
|
6.1 |
(0.9) |
|
-11.6 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
3.1 |
(0.2) |
|
17.4 |
(0.5) |
|
3.7 |
(0.6) |
|
3.9 |
(0.5) |
|
2.9 |
(0.4) |
|
1.9 |
(0.3) |
|
-1.8 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Kosovo |
4.5 |
(0.3) |
|
20.7 |
(0.7) |
|
8.1 |
(0.9) |
|
5.0 |
(0.8) |
|
3.7 |
(0.7) |
|
1.2 |
(0.5) |
|
-6.8 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Lebanon |
34.5 |
(1.8) |
|
47.5 |
(0.6) |
|
62.9 |
(3.9) |
|
33.9 |
(3.1) |
|
27.1 |
(4.2) |
|
19.2 |
(3.9) |
|
-43.7 |
(5.5) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
30.1 |
(0.4) |
|
45.9 |
(0.2) |
|
43.5 |
(1.0) |
|
30.3 |
(1.0) |
|
30.6 |
(1.0) |
|
15.9 |
(0.8) |
|
-27.5 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Malta |
5.5 |
(0.4) |
|
22.7 |
(0.7) |
|
7.4 |
(0.9) |
|
5.7 |
(0.7) |
|
4.9 |
(0.6) |
|
4.0 |
(0.6) |
|
-3.4 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Moldova |
2.6 |
(0.3) |
|
15.9 |
(0.7) |
|
4.4 |
(0.7) |
|
3.0 |
(0.5) |
|
2.0 |
(0.5) |
|
1.0 |
(0.3) |
|
-3.3 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Montenegro |
1.6 |
(0.2) |
|
12.4 |
(0.6) |
|
2.8 |
(0.5) |
|
1.4 |
(0.3) |
|
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
1.1 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.7 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Morocco |
49.3 |
(2.8) |
|
50.0 |
(0.1) |
|
71.5 |
(4.9) |
|
67.9 |
(5.4) |
|
49.2 |
(8.0) |
|
9.1 |
(4.0) |
|
-62.4 |
(5.5) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
3.2 |
(0.2) |
|
17.5 |
(0.6) |
|
6.3 |
(0.8) |
|
3.5 |
(0.5) |
|
1.9 |
(0.4) |
|
1.1 |
(0.3) |
|
-5.1 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Panama |
26.5 |
(1.2) |
|
44.1 |
(0.6) |
|
42.3 |
(3.9) |
|
32.7 |
(4.1) |
|
22.1 |
(1.9) |
|
9.9 |
(1.1) |
|
-32.5 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Peru |
20.8 |
(0.8) |
|
40.6 |
(0.6) |
|
31.1 |
(1.2) |
|
28.3 |
(2.0) |
|
17.7 |
(2.0) |
|
6.5 |
(0.9) |
|
-24.6 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Philippines |
21.1 |
(1.0) |
|
40.8 |
(0.7) |
|
28.8 |
(2.2) |
|
26.3 |
(1.9) |
|
20.7 |
(1.3) |
|
8.5 |
(1.6) |
|
-20.3 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Qatar |
17.1 |
(0.3) |
|
37.7 |
(0.2) |
|
36.1 |
(0.7) |
|
15.5 |
(0.6) |
|
9.7 |
(0.5) |
|
7.5 |
(0.4) |
|
-28.6 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Romania |
4.5 |
(0.7) |
|
20.6 |
(1.5) |
|
12.7 |
(2.6) |
|
3.3 |
(0.9) |
|
1.0 |
(0.4) |
|
0.9 |
(0.4) |
|
-11.8 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Russia |
1.7 |
(0.2) |
|
13.1 |
(0.7) |
|
3.1 |
(0.5) |
|
1.7 |
(0.5) |
|
1.2 |
(0.4) |
|
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.2 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
11.4 |
(1.1) |
|
31.8 |
(1.3) |
|
24.2 |
(3.1) |
|
12.9 |
(2.6) |
|
5.3 |
(1.4) |
|
3.3 |
(0.6) |
|
-20.9 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Serbia |
1.4 |
(0.2) |
|
11.9 |
(0.8) |
|
2.9 |
(0.7) |
|
1.5 |
(0.4) |
|
0.9 |
(0.4) |
|
0.4 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.5 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Singapore |
4.8 |
(0.2) |
|
21.4 |
(0.5) |
|
6.8 |
(0.4) |
|
4.2 |
(0.4) |
|
4.1 |
(0.5) |
|
4.0 |
(0.7) |
|
-2.8 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
0.9 |
(0.1) |
|
9.4 |
(0.7) |
|
1.1 |
(0.2) |
|
1.1 |
(0.4) |
|
0.5 |
(0.4) |
|
0.9 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Thailand |
6.8 |
(0.5) |
|
25.1 |
(0.8) |
|
9.4 |
(1.6) |
|
8.3 |
(1.1) |
|
6.2 |
(1.0) |
|
3.1 |
(0.6) |
|
-6.4 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Ukraine |
1.6 |
(0.2) |
|
12.6 |
(0.8) |
|
2.4 |
(0.5) |
|
2.0 |
(0.5) |
|
1.1 |
(0.4) |
|
0.9 |
(0.3) |
|
-1.5 |
(0.6) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
10.2 |
(0.3) |
|
30.3 |
(0.4) |
|
16.5 |
(0.8) |
|
9.3 |
(0.6) |
|
8.1 |
(0.6) |
|
7.1 |
(0.7) |
|
-9.4 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Uruguay |
33.4 |
(1.1) |
|
47.2 |
(0.4) |
|
66.8 |
(4.2) |
|
44.4 |
(5.2) |
|
16.2 |
(3.9) |
|
5.5 |
(1.2) |
|
-61.4 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
4.9 |
(1.2) |
|
21.6 |
(2.6) |
|
12.1 |
(3.3) |
|
2.1 |
(0.9) |
|
0.7 |
(0.8) |
|
4.7 |
(3.3) |
|
-7.4 |
(4.8) |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimerNote: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Table V.B1.2.10 [3/8]. Grade repetition, school characteristics and reading performance
Results based on principals’ reports
|
By school location |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rural area or village (fewer than 3 000 people) |
Town (3 000 to 100 000 people) |
City (over 100 000 people) |
City - rural area |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
9.9 |
(1.4) |
|
6.1 |
(0.5) |
|
5.6 |
(0.3) |
|
-4.2 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Austria |
16.3 |
(3.3) |
|
12.7 |
(0.9) |
|
17.4 |
(1.3) |
|
1.0 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Belgium |
m |
m |
|
26.8 |
(1.1) |
|
42.9 |
(2.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Canada |
5.6 |
(1.2) |
|
6.2 |
(0.5) |
|
4.8 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.8 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Chile |
47.8 |
(5.4) |
|
23.4 |
(1.7) |
|
20.7 |
(1.2) |
|
-27.2 |
(5.5) |
|
|
Colombia |
47.3 |
(4.2) |
|
41.3 |
(2.1) |
|
38.7 |
(1.3) |
|
-8.7 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
9.6 |
(1.9) |
|
4.6 |
(0.7) |
|
3.3 |
(1.2) |
|
-6.3 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Denmark |
2.1 |
(0.5) |
|
3.3 |
(0.4) |
|
3.2 |
(0.6) |
|
1.2 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Estonia |
4.9 |
(0.9) |
|
2.3 |
(0.3) |
|
2.3 |
(0.5) |
|
-2.6 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Finland |
4.6 |
(1.3) |
|
3.2 |
(0.3) |
|
3.3 |
(0.4) |
|
-1.3 |
(1.4) |
|
|
France |
59.3 |
(14.2) |
|
14.4 |
(1.5) |
|
15.5 |
(3.6) |
|
-43.8 |
(15.1) |
|
|
Germany |
m |
m |
|
19.7 |
(1.2) |
|
19.7 |
(2.1) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Greece |
7.5 |
(2.8) |
|
3.7 |
(0.7) |
|
3.5 |
(0.9) |
|
-3.9 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Hungary |
60.4 |
(6.8) |
|
8.4 |
(0.9) |
|
3.6 |
(0.5) |
|
-56.8 |
(6.8) |
|
|
Iceland |
1.4 |
(0.5) |
|
1.0 |
(0.2) |
|
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.9 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Ireland |
7.6 |
(0.8) |
|
6.3 |
(0.7) |
|
4.8 |
(0.7) |
|
-2.8 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Israel |
12.6 |
(3.5) |
|
12.5 |
(1.6) |
|
3.8 |
(1.2) |
|
-8.8 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Italy |
12.5 |
(3.8) |
|
12.6 |
(0.8) |
|
14.5 |
(1.5) |
|
2.0 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Japan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Korea |
m |
m |
|
5.6 |
(1.0) |
|
4.3 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Latvia |
6.5 |
(1.1) |
|
3.4 |
(0.4) |
|
2.5 |
(0.6) |
|
-3.9 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Lithuania |
3.2 |
(0.5) |
|
2.2 |
(0.4) |
|
1.2 |
(0.3) |
|
-2.0 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
m |
m |
|
37.9 |
(0.8) |
|
24.2 |
(0.7) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Mexico |
29.7 |
(3.9) |
|
13.2 |
(3.1) |
|
10.9 |
(1.5) |
|
-18.8 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Netherlands |
m |
m |
|
16.7 |
(0.8) |
|
18.1 |
(1.7) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
New Zealand |
5.6 |
(1.7) |
|
6.2 |
(0.5) |
|
5.0 |
(0.5) |
|
-0.6 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Norway |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Poland |
3.3 |
(0.7) |
|
2.9 |
(0.4) |
|
4.1 |
(1.1) |
|
0.8 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Portugal |
68.9 |
(12.7) |
|
29.1 |
(1.7) |
|
16.6 |
(2.8) |
|
-52.3 |
(12.3) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
17.4 |
(2.2) |
|
3.6 |
(0.6) |
|
1.7 |
(0.5) |
|
-15.7 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Slovenia |
10.6 |
(4.3) |
|
3.4 |
(0.7) |
|
2.3 |
(0.5) |
|
-8.4 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Spain |
34.5 |
(2.9) |
|
29.7 |
(0.7) |
|
26.8 |
(1.2) |
|
-7.6 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Sweden |
1.7 |
(0.5) |
|
3.2 |
(0.4) |
|
4.2 |
(0.9) |
|
2.5 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Switzerland |
15.6 |
(2.6) |
|
18.9 |
(1.2) |
|
12.1 |
(3.2) |
|
-3.5 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Turkey |
m |
m |
|
9.6 |
(1.1) |
|
6.2 |
(0.8) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Kingdom |
2.1 |
(0.9) |
|
1.9 |
(0.3) |
|
3.6 |
(0.5) |
|
1.5 |
(1.0) |
|
|
United States |
9.4 |
(2.5) |
|
8.5 |
(0.6) |
|
8.6 |
(1.1) |
|
-0.8 |
(2.7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
17.9 |
(0.8) |
|
11.6 |
(0.2) |
|
10.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-9.4 |
(0.9) |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimerNote: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Table V.B1.2.10 [4/8]. Grade repetition, school characteristics and reading performance
Results based on principals’ reports
|
By school location |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rural area or village (fewer than 3 000 people) |
Town (3 000 to 100 000 people) |
City (over 100 000 people) |
City - rural area |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
4.2 |
(0.7) |
|
3.9 |
(0.6) |
|
1.7 |
(0.4) |
|
-2.4 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Argentina |
44.8 |
(5.0) |
|
27.8 |
(1.5) |
|
28.6 |
(1.8) |
|
-16.1 |
(5.4) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
2.6 |
(0.3) |
|
2.6 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Belarus |
2.3 |
(0.5) |
|
1.7 |
(0.4) |
|
1.0 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.3 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
3.8 |
(1.1) |
|
1.9 |
(0.2) |
|
1.2 |
(0.4) |
|
-2.6 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Brazil |
58.6 |
(7.0) |
|
34.1 |
(1.8) |
|
31.9 |
(1.5) |
|
-26.7 |
(7.1) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
20.4 |
(1.2) |
|
10.7 |
(0.4) |
|
10.6 |
(1.0) |
|
-9.7 |
(1.6) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
19.9 |
(4.9) |
|
10.5 |
(1.4) |
|
5.2 |
(0.7) |
|
-14.7 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
11.1 |
(3.3) |
|
5.2 |
(0.8) |
|
2.8 |
(0.5) |
|
-8.3 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
31.5 |
(2.5) |
|
28.0 |
(1.5) |
|
23.8 |
(4.0) |
|
-7.7 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Croatia |
m |
m |
|
1.6 |
(0.3) |
|
1.3 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Cyprus |
3.6 |
(2.4) |
|
4.2 |
(0.5) |
|
3.5 |
(0.6) |
|
-0.1 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
44.4 |
(3.5) |
|
34.7 |
(2.1) |
|
24.6 |
(2.4) |
|
-19.8 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Georgia |
4.9 |
(0.7) |
|
3.2 |
(0.7) |
|
2.3 |
(0.3) |
|
-2.7 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
m |
m |
|
19.5 |
(3.1) |
|
15.2 |
(1.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Indonesia |
21.4 |
(2.5) |
|
13.7 |
(1.4) |
|
8.8 |
(2.9) |
|
-12.6 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Jordan |
17.1 |
(2.6) |
|
12.3 |
(0.9) |
|
7.6 |
(0.7) |
|
-9.4 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
4.4 |
(0.4) |
|
3.2 |
(0.5) |
|
2.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.1 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Kosovo |
10.9 |
(1.7) |
|
4.0 |
(0.3) |
|
2.3 |
(0.5) |
|
-8.5 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Lebanon |
52.4 |
(5.8) |
|
32.1 |
(2.1) |
|
24.6 |
(3.5) |
|
-27.7 |
(6.7) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
30.0 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Malta |
3.1 |
(0.8) |
|
5.7 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Moldova |
3.1 |
(0.4) |
|
2.6 |
(0.5) |
|
1.5 |
(0.3) |
|
-1.6 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Montenegro |
m |
m |
|
1.4 |
(0.2) |
|
1.7 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Morocco |
62.9 |
(5.7) |
|
54.6 |
(5.1) |
|
39.2 |
(4.5) |
|
-23.7 |
(7.1) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
|
3.4 |
(0.4) |
|
2.8 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Panama |
50.1 |
(5.3) |
|
23.4 |
(2.1) |
|
17.9 |
(2.0) |
|
-32.2 |
(5.7) |
|
|
Peru |
29.4 |
(1.5) |
|
18.9 |
(1.0) |
|
11.9 |
(1.8) |
|
-17.5 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Philippines |
27.3 |
(2.8) |
|
22.9 |
(1.5) |
|
18.3 |
(1.3) |
|
-9.1 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Qatar |
23.8 |
(1.7) |
|
21.7 |
(0.5) |
|
13.7 |
(0.3) |
|
-10.2 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Romania |
22.5 |
(6.8) |
|
2.9 |
(0.6) |
|
2.6 |
(0.6) |
|
-19.8 |
(6.7) |
|
|
Russia |
3.6 |
(1.1) |
|
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.4 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
18.2 |
(4.7) |
|
14.3 |
(2.9) |
|
9.1 |
(1.2) |
|
-9.0 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Serbia |
m |
m |
|
1.5 |
(0.3) |
|
1.1 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Singapore |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
4.8 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
0.7 |
(0.5) |
|
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
0.1 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Thailand |
10.3 |
(1.7) |
|
7.3 |
(0.8) |
|
4.5 |
(0.7) |
|
-5.8 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Ukraine |
2.6 |
(0.7) |
|
1.8 |
(0.4) |
|
1.1 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.5 |
(0.7) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
10.6 |
(1.1) |
|
12.6 |
(0.5) |
|
9.0 |
(0.4) |
|
-1.6 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Uruguay |
35.4 |
(6.0) |
|
33.7 |
(2.3) |
|
32.7 |
(2.6) |
|
-2.7 |
(6.6) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
7.9 |
(2.3) |
|
2.0 |
(0.4) |
|
4.9 |
(4.0) |
|
-2.9 |
(4.6) |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimerNote: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Table V.B1.2.10 [5/8]. Grade repetition, school characteristics and reading performance
Results based on principals’ reports
|
By type of school |
By education level |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public |
Private |
Private - public |
Lower secondary (ISCED 2) |
Upper secondary (ISCED 3) |
ISCED 3 - ISCED 2 |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
6.3 |
(0.3) |
|
5.2 |
(0.4) |
|
-1.0 |
(0.5) |
|
6.1 |
(0.3) |
|
2.8 |
(0.6) |
|
-3.3 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Austria |
14.7 |
(0.7) |
|
12.8 |
(3.1) |
|
-1.9 |
(3.4) |
|
74.6 |
(3.7) |
|
10.4 |
(0.5) |
|
-64.1 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Belgium |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
92.0 |
(1.6) |
† |
27.3 |
(0.7) |
|
-64.7 |
(1.7) |
† |
|
Canada |
5.5 |
(0.3) |
|
4.1 |
(0.6) |
|
-1.5 |
(0.7) |
|
31.9 |
(1.5) |
|
2.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-29.6 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Chile |
29.9 |
(1.8) |
|
19.6 |
(1.2) |
|
-10.2 |
(2.1) |
|
94.2 |
(2.0) |
|
19.3 |
(0.8) |
|
-75.0 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Colombia |
43.6 |
(1.1) |
|
29.3 |
(2.9) |
|
-14.3 |
(3.2) |
|
82.9 |
(1.2) |
|
14.6 |
(0.7) |
|
-68.3 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
4.7 |
(0.6) |
|
4.3 |
(2.5) |
|
-0.4 |
(2.5) |
|
7.1 |
(0.9) |
|
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
-5.3 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Denmark |
3.4 |
(0.3) |
|
2.4 |
(0.5) |
|
-1.0 |
(0.6) |
|
3.2 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Estonia |
2.9 |
(0.3) |
|
2.0 |
(1.5) |
|
-1.0 |
(1.5) |
|
2.9 |
(0.3) |
|
3.9 |
(3.6) |
|
1.0 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Finland |
3.4 |
(0.2) |
|
2.0 |
(0.6) |
|
-1.4 |
(0.7) |
|
3.3 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
France |
17.3 |
(0.6) |
|
13.7 |
(2.0) |
|
-3.7 |
(2.1) |
|
91.5 |
(1.3) |
|
0.7 |
(0.1) |
|
-90.8 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Germany |
20.0 |
(1.0) |
|
8.6 |
(2.9) |
|
-11.4 |
(3.1) |
|
20.2 |
(0.9) |
|
1.7 |
(1.1) |
|
-18.5 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Greece |
4.2 |
(0.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-4.2 |
(0.5) |
|
66.1 |
(5.3) |
|
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
-65.0 |
(5.3) |
|
|
Hungary |
9.3 |
(0.6) |
|
4.2 |
(0.9) |
|
-5.1 |
(1.2) |
|
57.3 |
(3.7) |
|
3.1 |
(0.3) |
|
-54.3 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Iceland |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Ireland |
6.4 |
(0.7) |
|
5.9 |
(0.5) |
|
-0.5 |
(0.8) |
|
9.2 |
(0.6) |
|
0.7 |
(0.2) |
|
-8.5 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Israel |
9.0 |
(0.7) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
10.6 |
(1.6) |
|
8.8 |
(0.7) |
|
-1.7 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Italy |
13.2 |
(0.6) |
|
12.4 |
(4.3) |
|
-0.8 |
(4.6) |
|
89.0 |
(6.4) |
|
12.5 |
(0.5) |
|
-76.5 |
(6.5) |
|
|
Japan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Korea |
4.3 |
(0.3) |
|
4.8 |
(0.4) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
4.0 |
(0.7) |
|
4.5 |
(0.3) |
|
0.5 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Latvia |
3.7 |
(0.3) |
|
7.3 |
(6.7) |
|
3.7 |
(6.7) |
|
3.8 |
(0.3) |
|
1.5 |
(1.3) |
|
-2.3 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Lithuania |
2.1 |
(0.2) |
|
0.5 |
(0.4) |
|
-1.6 |
(0.4) |
|
2.0 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Luxembourg |
32.6 |
(0.6) |
|
30.2 |
(1.0) |
|
-2.4 |
(1.1) |
|
55.2 |
(1.0) |
|
3.5 |
(0.3) |
|
-51.7 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
16.3 |
(1.0) |
|
5.7 |
(1.5) |
|
-10.6 |
(1.9) |
|
66.4 |
(3.4) |
|
1.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-65.0 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Netherlands |
17.4 |
(1.1) |
|
17.2 |
(1.1) |
|
-0.1 |
(1.7) |
|
27.5 |
(1.0) |
|
1.5 |
(0.3) |
|
-26.0 |
(1.0) |
|
|
New Zealand |
5.4 |
(0.3) |
|
8.4 |
(1.7) |
|
3.0 |
(1.7) |
|
30.9 |
(2.4) |
|
3.8 |
(0.3) |
|
-27.1 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Norway |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Poland |
3.4 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-3.4 |
(0.3) |
|
3.3 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Portugal |
28.1 |
(1.3) |
|
17.7 |
(5.0) |
|
-10.3 |
(5.3) |
|
86.9 |
(1.1) |
|
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
-86.0 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
5.9 |
(0.6) |
|
2.6 |
(1.5) |
|
-3.3 |
(1.8) |
|
10.8 |
(0.9) |
|
1.2 |
(0.4) |
|
-9.6 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Slovenia |
3.5 |
(0.6) |
|
1.5 |
(0.9) |
|
-2.1 |
(1.1) |
|
43.8 |
(5.2) |
|
0.6 |
(0.1) |
|
-43.1 |
(5.2) |
|
|
Spain |
33.9 |
(0.7) |
|
18.2 |
(0.8) |
|
-15.7 |
(1.0) |
|
28.7 |
(0.6) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Sweden |
3.7 |
(0.4) |
|
2.8 |
(0.5) |
|
-0.9 |
(0.6) |
|
3.4 |
(0.3) |
|
6.4 |
(3.3) |
|
3.0 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Switzerland |
17.3 |
(0.9) |
|
23.2 |
(4.2) |
|
5.9 |
(4.2) |
|
23.8 |
(1.1) |
|
2.2 |
(0.3) |
|
-21.5 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Turkey |
7.1 |
(0.4) |
|
9.6 |
(3.7) |
|
2.5 |
(3.9) |
|
m |
m |
|
7.2 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Kingdom |
2.6 |
(0.3) |
|
2.5 |
(0.3) |
|
-0.1 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
2.5 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United States |
9.5 |
(0.6) |
|
4.9 |
(1.2) |
|
-4.5 |
(1.4) |
|
67.5 |
(2.4) |
|
4.6 |
(0.4) |
|
-62.9 |
(2.4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
11.5 |
(0.1) |
|
8.9 |
(0.4) |
|
-3.1 |
(0.4) |
|
36.4 |
(0.4) |
|
5.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-37.6 |
(0.5) |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Table V.B1.2.10 [6/8]. Grade repetition, school characteristics and reading performance
Results based on principals’ reports
|
By type of school |
By education level |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public |
Private |
Private - public |
Lower secondary (ISCED 2) |
Upper secondary (ISCED 3) |
ISCED 3 - ISCED 2 |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
3.5 |
(0.3) |
|
1.5 |
(0.6) |
|
-2.0 |
(0.7) |
|
5.5 |
(0.7) |
|
1.9 |
(0.2) |
|
-3.5 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Argentina |
36.8 |
(1.4) |
|
13.1 |
(1.7) |
|
-23.8 |
(2.2) |
|
83.0 |
(1.6) |
|
2.9 |
(0.3) |
|
-80.1 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
2.8 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
4.3 |
(0.5) |
|
1.8 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.4 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Belarus |
1.5 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
2.7 |
(0.4) |
|
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
-2.3 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
1.9 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
3.7 |
(0.7) |
|
1.5 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.2 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Brazil |
37.6 |
(1.1) |
|
15.3 |
(1.2) |
|
-22.3 |
(1.6) |
|
89.8 |
(1.0) |
|
15.2 |
(0.6) |
|
-74.6 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
13.2 |
(0.3) |
|
5.5 |
(0.6) |
|
-7.7 |
(0.7) |
|
65.7 |
(7.5) |
|
11.7 |
(0.3) |
|
-54.0 |
(7.6) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
8.3 |
(0.8) |
|
8.3 |
(2.4) |
|
0.0 |
(2.5) |
|
16.5 |
(1.7) |
|
2.7 |
(0.3) |
|
-13.8 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
4.4 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
4.4 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Costa Rica |
30.8 |
(1.4) |
|
10.5 |
(2.7) |
|
-20.3 |
(3.0) |
|
51.0 |
(1.5) |
|
0.7 |
(0.2) |
|
-50.3 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Croatia |
1.6 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-1.6 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
1.3 |
(0.1) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Cyprus |
3.8 |
(0.4) |
|
4.8 |
(0.7) |
|
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
40.9 |
(5.0) |
|
2.2 |
(0.2) |
|
-38.7 |
(5.0) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
35.7 |
(1.4) |
|
16.9 |
(2.0) |
|
-18.7 |
(2.6) |
|
68.3 |
(1.2) |
|
7.4 |
(0.7) |
|
-60.9 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Georgia |
3.5 |
(0.3) |
|
1.0 |
(0.3) |
|
-2.6 |
(0.5) |
|
6.6 |
(0.9) |
|
2.7 |
(0.3) |
|
-3.9 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
14.1 |
(1.5) |
|
16.2 |
(0.9) |
|
2.1 |
(1.5) |
|
44.8 |
(1.4) |
|
1.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-43.4 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Indonesia |
15.2 |
(1.2) |
|
15.8 |
(1.5) |
|
0.6 |
(2.0) |
|
27.6 |
(1.6) |
|
5.4 |
(0.7) |
|
-22.3 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Jordan |
11.9 |
(0.7) |
|
6.7 |
(0.8) |
|
-5.2 |
(1.1) |
|
10.8 |
(0.6) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
3.1 |
(0.2) |
|
2.8 |
(0.8) |
|
-0.3 |
(0.8) |
|
4.4 |
(0.3) |
|
1.8 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.6 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Kosovo |
4.5 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
7.9 |
(1.0) |
|
3.5 |
(0.3) |
|
-4.5 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Lebanon |
44.7 |
(2.0) |
|
25.9 |
(2.3) |
|
-18.8 |
(2.8) |
|
74.9 |
(1.7) |
|
19.2 |
(1.9) |
|
-55.7 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
52.0 |
(1.9) |
|
28.7 |
(0.5) |
|
-23.2 |
(1.9) |
|
71.7 |
(1.0) |
|
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
-70.5 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Malta |
6.5 |
(0.6) |
|
4.2 |
(0.4) |
|
-2.3 |
(0.7) |
|
m |
m |
|
5.4 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Moldova |
2.6 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
2.7 |
(0.3) |
|
1.5 |
(0.6) |
|
-1.2 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Montenegro |
1.6 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
5.9 |
(2.8) |
|
1.4 |
(0.1) |
|
-4.5 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Morocco |
51.4 |
(2.9) |
|
22.2 |
(6.8) |
|
-29.2 |
(7.6) |
|
86.5 |
(0.7) |
|
5.7 |
(0.5) |
|
-80.7 |
(0.9) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
3.1 |
(0.2) |
|
1.1 |
(0.8) |
|
-1.9 |
(0.9) |
|
m |
m |
|
3.0 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Panama |
29.8 |
(1.2) |
|
13.5 |
(2.1) |
|
-16.3 |
(2.4) |
|
77.2 |
(1.3) |
|
5.1 |
(0.4) |
|
-72.1 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Peru |
24.2 |
(0.9) |
|
10.7 |
(1.4) |
|
-13.4 |
(1.7) |
|
73.5 |
(1.4) |
|
6.7 |
(0.4) |
|
-66.8 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Philippines |
23.8 |
(1.1) |
|
8.3 |
(1.5) |
|
-15.4 |
(1.8) |
|
21.2 |
(1.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-21.2 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Qatar |
23.0 |
(0.4) |
|
9.3 |
(0.3) |
|
-13.7 |
(0.5) |
|
46.0 |
(0.7) |
|
8.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-37.6 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Romania |
4.1 |
(0.6) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
37.9 |
(7.1) |
|
2.0 |
(0.3) |
|
-35.9 |
(7.1) |
|
|
Russia |
1.8 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
1.9 |
(0.2) |
|
0.8 |
(0.3) |
|
-1.0 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
12.4 |
(1.3) |
|
5.2 |
(0.7) |
|
-7.1 |
(1.5) |
|
43.8 |
(2.4) |
|
3.9 |
(0.3) |
|
-39.9 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Serbia |
1.4 |
(0.2) |
|
2.7 |
(0.7) |
|
1.3 |
(0.7) |
|
m |
m |
|
1.1 |
(0.1) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Singapore |
4.6 |
(0.2) |
|
7.2 |
(1.2) |
|
2.6 |
(1.2) |
|
39.9 |
(6.0) |
|
4.4 |
(0.3) |
|
-35.5 |
(6.1) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.7 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.5 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Thailand |
6.7 |
(0.5) |
|
7.0 |
(1.1) |
|
0.3 |
(1.2) |
|
19.7 |
(1.7) |
|
3.3 |
(0.4) |
|
-16.4 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Ukraine |
1.6 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
1.6 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
13.2 |
(0.3) |
|
8.4 |
(0.5) |
|
-4.8 |
(0.6) |
|
41.2 |
(1.0) |
|
6.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-34.9 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Uruguay |
37.8 |
(1.3) |
|
9.7 |
(2.5) |
|
-28.0 |
(3.0) |
|
92.0 |
(1.0) |
|
0.5 |
(0.1) |
|
-91.5 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
5.2 |
(1.3) |
|
0.5 |
(0.6) |
|
-4.7 |
(1.4) |
|
72.8 |
(7.3) |
|
1.4 |
(0.2) |
|
-71.4 |
(7.3) |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Table V.B1.2.10 [7/8]. Grade repetition, school characteristics and reading performance
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Before accounting for students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile2 |
After accounting for students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile2 |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Change in reading score associated with repeating a grade |
Explained variance in student performance (r-squared x 100) |
Change in reading score associated with repeating a grade |
Explained variance in student performance (r-squared x 100) |
||||||||||
Score dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
Score dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
-61 |
(4.8) |
|
1.7 |
(0.3) |
|
-50 |
(4.6) |
|
14.8 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Austria |
-56 |
(4.1) |
|
3.4 |
(0.5) |
|
-42 |
(3.6) |
|
30.6 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Belgium |
-104 |
(2.9) |
|
23.7 |
(1.1) |
|
-68 |
(3.0) |
|
38.7 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Canada |
-95 |
(4.1) |
|
4.5 |
(0.4) |
|
-75 |
(4.2) |
|
11.2 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Chile |
-82 |
(3.2) |
|
13.5 |
(1.0) |
|
-63 |
(2.8) |
|
28.6 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Colombia |
-63 |
(2.8) |
|
12.1 |
(0.9) |
|
-52 |
(2.5) |
|
32.4 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
-126 |
(8.5) |
|
7.3 |
(1.3) |
|
-69 |
(6.8) |
|
35.2 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Denmark |
-89 |
(7.9) |
|
3.0 |
(0.6) |
|
-68 |
(7.7) |
|
13.6 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Estonia |
-83 |
(10.0) |
|
2.2 |
(0.6) |
|
-68 |
(9.8) |
|
10.8 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Finland |
-106 |
(7.2) |
|
3.8 |
(0.6) |
|
-91 |
(7.0) |
|
11.9 |
(1.1) |
|
|
France |
-123 |
(9.2) |
|
5.7 |
(1.1) |
|
-82 |
(7.3) |
|
27.6 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Germany |
-80 |
(5.3) |
|
9.4 |
(1.1) |
|
-44 |
(4.7) |
|
38.2 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Greece |
-128 |
(12.1) |
|
2.0 |
(0.4) |
|
-101 |
(11.1) |
|
19.4 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Hungary |
-75 |
(8.1) |
|
1.9 |
(0.4) |
|
-34 |
(6.5) |
|
39.2 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Iceland |
c |
c |
|
1.7 |
(0.5) |
|
c |
c |
|
8.2 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Ireland |
-54 |
(6.0) |
|
2.0 |
(0.5) |
|
-44 |
(5.2) |
|
15.5 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Israel |
-151 |
(5.4) |
|
12.8 |
(1.1) |
|
-86 |
(7.4) |
|
32.2 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Italy |
-84 |
(5.1) |
|
8.2 |
(0.9) |
|
-51 |
(4.0) |
|
30.9 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Japan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Korea |
-40 |
(7.9) |
|
0.7 |
(0.3) |
|
-32 |
(7.2) |
|
17.7 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Latvia |
-99 |
(6.9) |
|
4.3 |
(0.7) |
|
-74 |
(7.1) |
|
15.9 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Lithuania |
-130 |
(7.6) |
|
3.8 |
(0.6) |
|
-98 |
(9.3) |
|
27.5 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
-102 |
(2.9) |
|
19.6 |
(1.0) |
|
-66 |
(2.7) |
|
37.7 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Mexico |
-56 |
(10.0) |
|
0.7 |
(0.3) |
|
-57 |
(9.8) |
|
19.4 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Netherlands |
-62 |
(5.2) |
|
5.6 |
(0.8) |
|
-41 |
(4.9) |
|
32.3 |
(2.8) |
|
|
New Zealand |
-75 |
(7.9) |
|
2.7 |
(0.6) |
|
-61 |
(6.7) |
|
18.1 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Norway |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Poland |
-111 |
(10.0) |
|
4.3 |
(0.9) |
|
-82 |
(10.2) |
|
18.0 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Portugal |
-120 |
(3.9) |
|
26.5 |
(1.9) |
|
-102 |
(3.6) |
|
31.9 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
-138 |
(5.2) |
|
10.3 |
(1.1) |
|
-74 |
(7.0) |
|
31.8 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Slovenia |
-100 |
(20.0) |
|
0.7 |
(0.3) |
|
-96 |
(15.6) |
|
33.5 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Spain |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Sweden |
-123 |
(10.6) |
|
4.3 |
(0.8) |
|
-87 |
(10.3) |
|
15.7 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Switzerland |
-60 |
(4.6) |
|
6.1 |
(0.9) |
|
-42 |
(4.6) |
|
24.8 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Turkey |
-94 |
(5.2) |
|
7.7 |
(0.9) |
|
-71 |
(5.4) |
|
29.6 |
(2.7) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
-70 |
(8.5) |
|
1.2 |
(0.3) |
|
-55 |
(8.1) |
|
14.8 |
(1.5) |
|
|
United States |
-111 |
(6.1) |
|
8.9 |
(1.0) |
|
-86 |
(6.2) |
|
19.9 |
(1.8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
-93 |
(1.3) |
|
6.7 |
(0.1) |
|
-67 |
(1.2) |
|
24.3 |
(0.3) |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Table V.B1.2.10 [8/8]. Grade repetition, school characteristics and reading performance
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Before accounting for students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile2 |
After accounting for students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile2 |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Change in reading score associated with repeating a grade |
Explained variance in student performance (r-squared x 100) |
Change in reading score associated with repeating a grade |
Explained variance in student performance (r-squared x 100) |
||||||||||
Score dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
Score dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
-83 |
(8.0) |
|
3.3 |
(0.7) |
|
-66 |
(9.4) |
|
15.1 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Argentina |
-88 |
(4.1) |
|
17.0 |
(1.3) |
|
-55 |
(3.0) |
|
35.2 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
-70 |
(5.9) |
|
2.3 |
(0.4) |
|
-64 |
(5.6) |
|
10.4 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Belarus |
-119 |
(12.2) |
|
2.5 |
(0.6) |
|
-92 |
(10.4) |
|
29.4 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
-85 |
(8.5) |
|
1.8 |
(0.4) |
|
-70 |
(8.5) |
|
18.7 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Brazil |
-79 |
(3.5) |
|
11.9 |
(1.0) |
|
-68 |
(3.2) |
|
29.9 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
-84 |
(3.1) |
|
7.9 |
(0.6) |
|
-66 |
(2.7) |
|
36.8 |
(0.8) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
-65 |
(7.0) |
|
4.3 |
(0.9) |
|
-34 |
(5.0) |
|
24.3 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
-110 |
(6.6) |
|
5.2 |
(0.9) |
|
-70 |
(9.2) |
|
34.0 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
-68 |
(4.1) |
|
13.9 |
(1.1) |
|
-48 |
(2.3) |
|
32.5 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Croatia |
-83 |
(9.4) |
|
1.1 |
(0.3) |
|
-61 |
(10.5) |
|
24.3 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Cyprus |
-86 |
(9.3) |
|
1.8 |
(0.4) |
|
-83 |
(8.1) |
|
15.8 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
-75 |
(3.3) |
|
18.1 |
(1.2) |
|
-56 |
(2.8) |
|
32.3 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Georgia |
-94 |
(6.0) |
|
3.9 |
(0.7) |
|
-81 |
(5.9) |
|
17.9 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
-67 |
(3.8) |
|
6.1 |
(0.7) |
|
-50 |
(3.5) |
|
16.3 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Indonesia |
-61 |
(4.7) |
|
8.6 |
(1.2) |
|
-48 |
(4.3) |
|
22.9 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Jordan |
-82 |
(5.6) |
|
8.8 |
(1.1) |
|
-69 |
(5.5) |
|
15.9 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
-72 |
(5.0) |
|
2.6 |
(0.4) |
|
-63 |
(4.9) |
|
13.1 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Kosovo |
-81 |
(6.3) |
|
4.6 |
(0.8) |
|
-62 |
(6.0) |
|
23.3 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Lebanon |
-133 |
(5.8) |
|
26.0 |
(2.2) |
|
-116 |
(8.8) |
|
36.7 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
-71 |
(2.7) |
|
12.6 |
(0.9) |
|
-67 |
(2.9) |
|
13.3 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Malta |
-98 |
(9.3) |
|
4.0 |
(0.8) |
|
-87 |
(8.5) |
|
15.1 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Moldova |
-85 |
(8.6) |
|
2.1 |
(0.5) |
|
-61 |
(8.0) |
|
24.9 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Montenegro |
-99 |
(9.0) |
|
1.8 |
(0.4) |
|
-88 |
(8.2) |
|
24.2 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Morocco |
-82 |
(2.9) |
|
29.8 |
(1.4) |
|
-66 |
(2.7) |
|
33.7 |
(1.7) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
-131 |
(7.7) |
|
5.5 |
(0.7) |
|
-103 |
(8.2) |
|
28.9 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Panama |
-71 |
(5.4) |
|
9.8 |
(1.4) |
|
-49 |
(4.4) |
|
34.4 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Peru |
-76 |
(3.4) |
|
11.2 |
(0.9) |
|
-49 |
(3.2) |
|
35.4 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Philippines |
-75 |
(3.2) |
|
14.5 |
(0.9) |
|
-54 |
(2.1) |
|
36.5 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Qatar |
-70 |
(3.1) |
|
4.1 |
(0.4) |
|
-57 |
(3.1) |
|
18.9 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Romania |
-107 |
(9.8) |
|
2.5 |
(0.6) |
|
-66 |
(8.2) |
|
31.9 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Russia |
-89 |
(11.0) |
|
1.6 |
(0.4) |
|
-68 |
(9.9) |
|
15.6 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
-50 |
(7.4) |
|
1.5 |
(0.5) |
|
-48 |
(6.9) |
|
12.1 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Serbia |
-107 |
(10.3) |
|
1.3 |
(0.3) |
|
-85 |
(9.5) |
|
24.8 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Singapore |
-98 |
(6.9) |
|
3.7 |
(0.4) |
|
-84 |
(5.0) |
|
23.5 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
-130 |
(19.4) |
|
1.5 |
(0.5) |
|
-118 |
(21.6) |
|
24.1 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Thailand |
-58 |
(5.8) |
|
2.8 |
(0.6) |
|
-48 |
(4.6) |
|
29.0 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Ukraine |
-108 |
(11.9) |
|
2.2 |
(0.6) |
|
-89 |
(9.9) |
|
25.2 |
(2.4) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
-94 |
(4.0) |
|
5.7 |
(0.5) |
|
-80 |
(3.9) |
|
26.1 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Uruguay |
-107 |
(4.4) |
|
27.4 |
(1.7) |
|
-75 |
(3.9) |
|
36.0 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Table V.B1.3.1 [1/6]. Change between 2009 and 2018 in programme orientation
Results based on students’ reports
|
Percentage of students who are enrolled in a programme whose curriculum is: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PISA 2009 |
PISA 2015 |
||||||||||||||||||
General |
Pre-vocational or vocational |
Modular |
General |
Pre-vocational or vocational |
Modular |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
86.2 |
(1.1) |
|
13.8 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
87.0 |
(0.8) |
|
13.0 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Austria |
28.8 |
(1.2) |
|
71.2 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
28.6 |
(0.9) |
|
71.4 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Belgium |
52.2 |
(1.4) |
|
47.8 |
(1.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
58.6 |
(1.3) |
|
41.4 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Canada |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
|
Chile |
98.0 |
(0.2) |
|
2.0 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
99.4 |
(0.1) |
|
0.6 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Colombia |
82.1 |
(2.2) |
|
17.9 |
(2.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
79.2 |
(1.6) |
|
20.8 |
(1.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Czech Republic |
64.5 |
(1.1) |
|
35.5 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
66.7 |
(1.3) |
|
33.3 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Denmark |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Estonia |
99.6 |
(0.1) |
|
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
99.7 |
(0.1) |
|
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Finland |
99.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
France |
89.9 |
(1.2) |
|
10.1 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
81.3 |
(0.9) |
|
18.7 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Germany |
96.0 |
(0.5) |
|
4.0 |
(0.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
97.3 |
(0.7) |
|
2.7 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Greece |
86.1 |
(2.4) |
|
13.9 |
(2.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
83.6 |
(2.6) |
|
16.4 |
(2.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Hungary |
86.2 |
(1.1) |
|
13.8 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
84.1 |
(0.6) |
|
15.9 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Iceland |
100.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Ireland |
98.4 |
(0.3) |
|
1.6 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
99.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Israel |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Italy |
45.3 |
(0.7) |
|
54.7 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
49.8 |
(1.2) |
|
50.2 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Japan |
76.1 |
(1.1) |
|
23.9 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
75.6 |
(0.9) |
|
24.4 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Korea |
75.7 |
(1.8) |
|
24.3 |
(1.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
83.9 |
(0.4) |
|
16.1 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Latvia |
99.1 |
(0.5) |
|
0.9 |
(0.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
99.2 |
(0.4) |
|
0.8 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Lithuania |
100.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
98.5 |
(0.6) |
|
1.5 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Luxembourg |
80.8 |
(0.2) |
|
13.8 |
(0.2) |
|
5.4 |
(0.1) |
|
77.7 |
(0.2) |
|
15.0 |
(0.1) |
|
7.3 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Mexico |
77.7 |
(0.6) |
|
22.3 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
74.7 |
(1.1) |
|
25.3 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Netherlands |
68.4 |
(2.8) |
|
31.6 |
(2.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
73.9 |
(0.9) |
|
26.1 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
New Zealand |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Norway |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Poland |
99.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
99.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Portugal |
84.1 |
(1.6) |
|
15.9 |
(1.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
86.9 |
(1.1) |
|
13.1 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
59.4 |
(1.3) |
|
40.6 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
67.4 |
(1.0) |
|
5.7 |
(0.7) |
|
26.9 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Slovenia |
47.0 |
(0.4) |
|
53.0 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
42.6 |
(0.2) |
|
57.4 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Spain |
100.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
99.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Sweden |
99.5 |
(0.2) |
|
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
99.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Switzerland |
91.5 |
(1.5) |
|
8.5 |
(1.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
90.8 |
(1.1) |
|
9.2 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Turkey |
58.7 |
(0.6) |
|
41.3 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
59.0 |
(1.9) |
|
41.0 |
(1.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
United Kingdom |
100.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
99.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
United States |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average-37 |
82.3 |
(0.2) |
|
15.0 |
(0.2) |
|
2.8 |
(0.0) |
|
82.6 |
(0.1) |
|
13.9 |
(0.1) |
|
3.5 |
(0.0) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Costa Rica, Georgia, Malta and Moldova conducted the PISA 2009 assessment in 2010 as part of PISA 2009+.
Table V.B1.3.1 [2/6]. Change between 2009 and 2018 in programme orientation
Results based on students’ reports
|
Percentage of students who are enrolled in a programme whose curriculum is: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PISA 2009 |
PISA 2015 |
||||||||||||||||||
General |
Pre-vocational or vocational |
Modular |
General |
Pre-vocational or vocational |
Modular |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
94.4 |
(0.7) |
|
5.6 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
93.6 |
(1.5) |
† |
6.4 |
(1.5) |
† |
0.0 |
c |
† |
|
Argentina |
87.0 |
(2.4) |
|
13.0 |
(2.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
83.4 |
(2.6) |
|
16.6 |
(2.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Brazil |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
95.3 |
(1.0) |
|
4.7 |
(1.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bulgaria |
62.3 |
(2.5) |
|
37.7 |
(2.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
53.8 |
(2.0) |
|
46.2 |
(2.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Costa Rica |
90.6 |
(1.7) |
|
9.4 |
(1.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
87.7 |
(1.4) |
|
12.3 |
(1.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Croatia |
28.7 |
(1.0) |
|
71.3 |
(1.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
32.7 |
(0.8) |
|
67.3 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Cyprus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
88.1 |
(0.1) |
|
11.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
95.2 |
(0.5) |
|
4.8 |
(0.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Georgia |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
98.3 |
(0.8) |
|
1.7 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Indonesia |
84.8 |
(2.8) |
|
15.2 |
(2.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
84.0 |
(1.3) |
|
16.0 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Jordan |
100.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
92.0 |
(2.1) |
|
8.0 |
(2.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
86.0 |
(2.1) |
|
14.0 |
(2.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Kosovo |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
64.7 |
(0.7) |
|
35.3 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Lebanon |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Macao (China) |
98.7 |
(0.0) |
|
1.3 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
98.8 |
(0.1) |
|
1.2 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Malaysia |
87.5 |
(1.4) |
|
12.5 |
(1.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
89.5 |
(1.2) |
|
10.5 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Malta |
100.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Moldova |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Montenegro |
34.7 |
(1.2) |
|
65.3 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
34.0 |
(0.3) |
|
66.0 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
44.9 |
(0.3) |
|
55.1 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Panama |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Peru |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Qatar |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Romania |
78.1 |
(0.6) |
|
21.9 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Russia |
95.1 |
(1.5) |
|
4.9 |
(1.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
95.5 |
(1.5) |
|
4.5 |
(1.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Serbia |
25.7 |
(1.1) |
|
74.1 |
(1.1) |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Singapore |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
61.1 |
(1.5) |
|
38.9 |
(1.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
63.7 |
(1.3) |
|
36.3 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Thailand |
79.2 |
(0.6) |
|
20.8 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
82.3 |
(0.8) |
|
17.7 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
96.1 |
(0.4) |
|
3.9 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Uruguay |
96.8 |
(0.7) |
|
1.0 |
(0.2) |
|
2.2 |
(0.6) |
|
97.8 |
(0.4) |
|
1.7 |
(0.3) |
|
0.5 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
94.9 |
(2.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
5.1 |
(2.0) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Costa Rica, Georgia, Malta and Moldova conducted the PISA 2009 assessment in 2010 as part of PISA 2009+.
Table V.B1.3.1 [3/6]. Change between 2009 and 2018 in programme orientation
Results based on students’ reports
|
Percentage of students who are enrolled in a programme whose curriculum is: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PISA 2018 |
Change between 2009 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2009) |
||||||||||||||||||
General |
Pre-vocational or vocational |
Modular |
General |
Pre-vocational or vocational |
Modular |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
90.0 |
(0.7) |
|
10.0 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
3.8 |
(1.3) |
|
-3.8 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Austria |
34.2 |
(1.1) |
|
65.8 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
5.4 |
(1.6) |
|
-5.4 |
(1.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Belgium |
57.5 |
(1.1) |
|
42.5 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
5.3 |
(1.8) |
|
-5.3 |
(1.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Canada |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-100.0 |
c |
|
|
Chile |
98.2 |
(0.2) |
|
1.8 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.2 |
(0.3) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Colombia |
80.5 |
(1.7) |
|
19.5 |
(1.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-1.6 |
(2.8) |
|
1.6 |
(2.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Czech Republic |
66.1 |
(1.2) |
|
33.9 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
1.7 |
(1.6) |
|
-1.7 |
(1.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Denmark |
99.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Estonia |
99.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.3 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Finland |
99.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
France |
80.9 |
(1.1) |
|
19.1 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-9.0 |
(1.6) |
|
9.0 |
(1.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Germany |
97.0 |
(0.4) |
|
3.0 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
-1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Greece |
87.1 |
(1.9) |
|
12.9 |
(1.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
1.0 |
(3.0) |
|
-1.0 |
(3.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Hungary |
83.9 |
(0.5) |
|
16.1 |
(0.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-2.3 |
(1.2) |
|
2.3 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Iceland |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Ireland |
99.3 |
(0.1) |
|
0.7 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.9 |
(0.3) |
|
-0.9 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Israel |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Italy |
50.7 |
(0.9) |
|
49.3 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
5.4 |
(1.1) |
|
-5.4 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Japan |
76.5 |
(0.6) |
|
23.5 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.4 |
(1.2) |
|
-0.4 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Korea |
83.5 |
(1.4) |
|
16.5 |
(1.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
7.8 |
(2.3) |
|
-7.8 |
(2.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Latvia |
98.9 |
(0.2) |
|
1.1 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-0.2 |
(0.5) |
|
0.2 |
(0.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Lithuania |
98.0 |
(0.5) |
|
2.0 |
(0.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-2.0 |
(0.5) |
|
2.0 |
(0.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Luxembourg |
78.7 |
(0.3) |
|
14.4 |
(0.2) |
|
6.9 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.1 |
(0.3) |
|
0.6 |
(0.2) |
|
1.5 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Mexico |
71.9 |
(1.2) |
|
28.1 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-5.8 |
(1.3) |
|
5.8 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Netherlands |
74.2 |
(1.1) |
|
25.8 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
5.8 |
(3.0) |
|
-5.8 |
(3.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
New Zealand |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Norway |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Poland |
99.5 |
(0.3) |
|
0.5 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-0.4 |
(0.3) |
|
0.4 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Portugal |
83.0 |
(1.6) |
|
17.0 |
(1.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-1.1 |
(2.2) |
|
1.1 |
(2.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
67.1 |
(1.0) |
|
5.0 |
(0.7) |
|
27.9 |
(1.1) |
|
7.7 |
(1.7) |
|
-35.6 |
(1.5) |
|
27.9 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Slovenia |
42.7 |
(0.3) |
|
57.3 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-4.3 |
(0.5) |
|
4.3 |
(0.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Spain |
98.8 |
(0.2) |
|
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Sweden |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.5 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Switzerland |
88.3 |
(1.2) |
|
11.7 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-3.2 |
(1.9) |
|
3.2 |
(1.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Turkey |
67.0 |
(0.7) |
|
33.0 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
8.2 |
(0.9) |
|
-8.2 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
United Kingdom |
99.8 |
(0.1) |
|
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
United States |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average-37 |
85.2 |
(0.1) |
|
13.8 |
(0.1) |
|
0.9 |
(0.0) |
|
2.9 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.1 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.8 |
(0.0) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Costa Rica, Georgia, Malta and Moldova conducted the PISA 2009 assessment in 2010 as part of PISA 2009+.
Table V.B1.3.1 [4/6]. Change between 2009 and 2018 in programme orientation
Results based on students’ reports
|
Percentage of students who are enrolled in a programme whose curriculum is: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PISA 2018 |
Change between 2009 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2009) |
||||||||||||||||||
General |
Pre-vocational or vocational |
Modular |
General |
Pre-vocational or vocational |
Modular |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Argentina |
84.7 |
(2.0) |
|
15.3 |
(2.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-2.4 |
(3.2) |
|
2.4 |
(3.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
(0.0) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Belarus |
85.9 |
(0.4) |
|
14.1 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
34.3 |
(2.3) |
|
65.7 |
(2.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Brazil |
91.0 |
(1.2) |
|
9.0 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-9.0 |
(1.2) |
|
9.0 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
94.5 |
(0.2) |
|
5.5 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
81.9 |
(0.8) |
|
18.1 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bulgaria |
50.9 |
(1.7) |
|
49.1 |
(1.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-11.4 |
(3.1) |
|
11.4 |
(3.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Costa Rica |
87.5 |
(1.0) |
|
12.5 |
(1.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-3.1 |
(2.0) |
|
3.1 |
(2.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Croatia |
32.7 |
(0.8) |
|
67.3 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
4.0 |
(1.3) |
|
-4.0 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Cyprus |
87.8 |
(0.1) |
|
12.2 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
87.3 |
(2.0) |
|
12.7 |
(2.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Georgia |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Indonesia |
80.2 |
(2.4) |
|
19.8 |
(2.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-4.7 |
(3.6) |
|
4.7 |
(3.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Jordan |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
80.4 |
(0.6) |
|
19.6 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-11.6 |
(2.2) |
|
11.6 |
(2.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Kosovo |
60.2 |
(1.1) |
|
39.8 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Lebanon |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Macao (China) |
99.0 |
(0.1) |
|
1.0 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Malaysia |
89.8 |
(1.0) |
|
10.2 |
(1.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
2.2 |
(1.7) |
|
-2.2 |
(1.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Malta |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Moldova |
96.5 |
(0.9) |
|
3.5 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-3.5 |
(0.9) |
|
3.5 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Montenegro |
35.5 |
(0.3) |
|
64.5 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.7 |
(1.2) |
|
-0.7 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Morocco |
100.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
North Macedonia |
41.4 |
(0.2) |
|
58.6 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Panama |
73.2 |
(1.4) |
|
26.8 |
(1.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-26.8 |
(1.4) |
|
26.8 |
(1.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Peru |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Philippines |
100.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Qatar |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Romania |
88.0 |
(1.7) |
|
12.0 |
(1.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
9.9 |
(1.8) |
|
-9.9 |
(1.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Russia |
96.4 |
(1.1) |
|
3.6 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
1.3 |
(1.9) |
|
-1.3 |
(1.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Serbia |
28.1 |
(1.1) |
|
71.9 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
2.3 |
(1.5) |
|
-2.1 |
(1.5) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Singapore |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
66.3 |
(1.3) |
|
33.7 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
5.2 |
(2.0) |
|
-5.2 |
(2.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Thailand |
77.1 |
(0.7) |
|
22.9 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-2.1 |
(0.9) |
|
2.1 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Ukraine |
72.0 |
(2.4) |
|
28.0 |
(2.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
96.4 |
(0.1) |
|
3.6 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-3.6 |
(0.1) |
|
3.6 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Uruguay |
91.4 |
(1.1) |
|
8.6 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-5.4 |
(1.2) |
|
7.6 |
(1.1) |
|
-2.2 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Costa Rica, Georgia, Malta and Moldova conducted the PISA 2009 assessment in 2010 as part of PISA 2009+.
Table V.B1.3.1 [5/6]. Change between 2009 and 2018 in programme orientation
Results based on students’ reports
|
Percentage of students who are enrolled in a programme whose curriculum is: |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Change between 2015 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2015) |
||||||||||
General |
Pre-vocational or vocational |
Modular |
||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
||||||||||
Australia |
3.1 |
(1.1) |
|
-3.1 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Austria |
5.6 |
(1.4) |
|
-5.6 |
(1.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Belgium |
-1.1 |
(1.7) |
|
1.1 |
(1.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Canada |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-100.0 |
c |
|
|
Chile |
-1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
1.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Colombia |
1.4 |
(2.4) |
|
-1.4 |
(2.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Czech Republic |
-0.6 |
(1.8) |
|
0.6 |
(1.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Denmark |
-0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Estonia |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Finland |
-0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
France |
-0.4 |
(1.4) |
|
0.4 |
(1.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Germany |
-0.2 |
(0.8) |
|
0.2 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Greece |
3.5 |
(3.2) |
|
-3.5 |
(3.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Hungary |
-0.2 |
(0.7) |
|
0.2 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Iceland |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Ireland |
0.0 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Israel |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Italy |
0.9 |
(1.4) |
|
-0.9 |
(1.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Japan |
1.0 |
(1.1) |
|
-1.0 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Korea |
-0.3 |
(1.5) |
|
0.3 |
(1.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Latvia |
-0.2 |
(0.5) |
|
0.2 |
(0.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Lithuania |
-0.6 |
(0.8) |
|
0.6 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Luxembourg |
1.0 |
(0.3) |
|
-0.6 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.4 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Mexico |
-2.8 |
(1.6) |
|
2.8 |
(1.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Netherlands |
0.2 |
(1.5) |
|
-0.2 |
(1.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
New Zealand |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Norway |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Poland |
-0.4 |
(0.3) |
|
0.4 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Portugal |
-3.9 |
(1.9) |
|
3.9 |
(1.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
-0.3 |
(1.4) |
|
-0.7 |
(1.0) |
|
1.0 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Slovenia |
0.1 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.1 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Spain |
-0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Sweden |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Switzerland |
-2.5 |
(1.7) |
|
2.5 |
(1.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Turkey |
8.0 |
(2.1) |
|
-8.0 |
(2.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
United Kingdom |
0.6 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.6 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
United States |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average-37 |
2.6 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.1 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Costa Rica, Georgia, Malta and Moldova conducted the PISA 2009 assessment in 2010 as part of PISA 2009+.
Table V.B1.3.1 [6/6]. Change between 2009 and 2018 in programme orientation
Results based on students’ reports
|
Percentage of students who are enrolled in a programme whose curriculum is: |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Change between 2015 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2015) |
||||||||||
General |
Pre-vocational or vocational |
Modular |
||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
||||||||||
Albania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Argentina |
1.3 |
(3.3) |
|
-1.3 |
(3.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Brazil |
-4.3 |
(1.5) |
|
4.3 |
(1.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bulgaria |
-2.9 |
(2.6) |
|
2.9 |
(2.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Costa Rica |
-0.2 |
(1.7) |
|
0.2 |
(1.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Croatia |
0.1 |
(1.2) |
|
-0.1 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Cyprus |
-0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
-7.9 |
(2.1) |
|
7.9 |
(2.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Georgia |
1.7 |
(0.8) |
|
-1.7 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Indonesia |
-3.8 |
(2.7) |
|
3.8 |
(2.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Jordan |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
-5.6 |
(2.2) |
|
5.6 |
(2.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Kosovo |
-4.6 |
(1.3) |
|
4.6 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Lebanon |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Macao (China) |
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Malaysia |
0.3 |
(1.6) |
|
-0.3 |
(1.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Malta |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Moldova |
-3.5 |
(0.9) |
|
3.5 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Montenegro |
1.5 |
(0.4) |
|
-1.5 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
North Macedonia |
-3.5 |
(0.3) |
|
3.5 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Peru |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Qatar |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Romania |
-12.0 |
(1.7) |
|
12.0 |
(1.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Russia |
0.8 |
(1.9) |
|
-0.8 |
(1.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Serbia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Singapore |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
2.6 |
(1.8) |
|
-2.6 |
(1.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Thailand |
-5.2 |
(1.0) |
|
5.2 |
(1.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
0.3 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.3 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Uruguay |
-6.4 |
(1.1) |
|
6.9 |
(1.1) |
|
-0.5 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
5.1 |
(2.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-5.1 |
(2.0) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Costa Rica, Georgia, Malta and Moldova conducted the PISA 2009 assessment in 2010 as part of PISA 2009+.
Table V.B1.3.7 [1/6]. Ability grouping in classes and into different classes
Results based on principals’ reports
|
PISA 2006 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students in schools that group students by ability into different classes |
Percentage of students in schools that group students by ability in their classes |
||||||||||||||||||
For all subjects |
For some subjects |
Not for any subject |
For all subjects |
For some subjects |
Not for any subject |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
1.7 |
(0.8) |
|
87.1 |
(1.8) |
|
11.2 |
(1.6) |
|
3.7 |
(1.2) |
|
56.9 |
(3.0) |
|
39.4 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Austria |
2.2 |
(1.2) |
|
10.3 |
(2.4) |
|
87.6 |
(2.7) |
|
2.2 |
(0.9) |
|
36.0 |
(2.7) |
|
61.7 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Belgium |
18.5 |
(2.5) |
|
14.7 |
(2.4) |
|
66.8 |
(3.0) |
|
5.8 |
(1.7) |
|
17.6 |
(2.8) |
|
76.6 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Canada |
11.3 |
(1.5) |
|
75.6 |
(1.9) |
|
13.1 |
(1.4) |
|
4.3 |
(1.0) |
|
52.2 |
(2.8) |
|
43.5 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Chile |
19.2 |
(3.3) |
|
23.1 |
(4.0) |
|
57.6 |
(5.0) |
|
3.6 |
(1.6) |
|
53.0 |
(4.9) |
|
43.5 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Colombia |
23.6 |
(6.1) |
† |
11.1 |
(3.0) |
† |
65.3 |
(6.6) |
† |
32.8 |
(4.9) |
|
18.9 |
(3.7) |
|
48.4 |
(5.2) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
11.1 |
(3.1) |
|
15.9 |
(2.9) |
|
73.0 |
(3.9) |
|
0.7 |
(0.5) |
|
58.5 |
(3.7) |
|
40.7 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Denmark |
1.5 |
(1.0) |
† |
15.0 |
(3.4) |
† |
83.5 |
(3.5) |
† |
6.1 |
(1.8) |
|
75.2 |
(3.4) |
|
18.7 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Estonia |
13.9 |
(2.9) |
|
16.7 |
(2.5) |
|
69.3 |
(3.4) |
|
3.9 |
(1.6) |
|
42.1 |
(3.7) |
|
54.0 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Finland |
0.0 |
c |
|
32.9 |
(4.4) |
|
67.1 |
(4.4) |
|
2.2 |
(1.1) |
|
33.7 |
(3.5) |
|
64.1 |
(3.7) |
|
|
France |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Germany |
10.2 |
(2.1) |
|
11.7 |
(2.1) |
|
78.1 |
(2.8) |
|
1.0 |
(0.8) |
|
27.3 |
(2.5) |
|
71.7 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Greece |
0.6 |
(0.6) |
† |
8.7 |
(2.1) |
† |
90.7 |
(2.2) |
† |
0.0 |
c |
† |
10.1 |
(2.7) |
† |
89.9 |
(2.7) |
† |
|
Hungary |
1.7 |
(1.2) |
|
19.2 |
(3.7) |
|
79.1 |
(3.9) |
|
0.7 |
(0.4) |
|
67.0 |
(3.4) |
|
32.3 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Iceland |
2.5 |
(0.1) |
|
36.7 |
(0.2) |
|
60.8 |
(0.2) |
|
3.9 |
(0.1) |
|
72.2 |
(0.2) |
|
24.0 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Ireland |
5.6 |
(1.7) |
|
91.0 |
(2.2) |
|
3.4 |
(1.5) |
|
2.2 |
(1.3) |
|
65.4 |
(4.4) |
|
32.4 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Israel |
19.1 |
(3.8) |
|
76.0 |
(3.9) |
|
4.9 |
(1.9) |
|
2.7 |
(1.4) |
† |
61.8 |
(4.6) |
† |
35.5 |
(4.7) |
† |
|
Italy |
2.3 |
(0.9) |
|
8.1 |
(1.5) |
|
89.6 |
(1.7) |
|
21.2 |
(2.2) |
|
22.8 |
(2.3) |
|
56.0 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Japan |
9.9 |
(2.5) |
|
26.0 |
(3.3) |
|
64.1 |
(3.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
36.8 |
(3.5) |
|
63.2 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Korea |
4.9 |
(2.5) |
|
73.7 |
(4.1) |
|
21.4 |
(3.5) |
|
3.8 |
(1.7) |
|
62.2 |
(4.4) |
|
34.0 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Latvia |
15.2 |
(3.2) |
|
7.5 |
(2.1) |
|
77.3 |
(3.2) |
|
4.5 |
(2.1) |
|
39.1 |
(3.9) |
|
56.3 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Lithuania |
5.3 |
(1.9) |
|
17.9 |
(3.3) |
|
76.8 |
(3.8) |
|
4.2 |
(1.6) |
|
57.0 |
(4.1) |
|
38.8 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
45.4 |
(0.1) |
|
15.3 |
(0.0) |
|
39.3 |
(0.1) |
|
2.0 |
(0.0) |
|
24.8 |
(0.1) |
|
73.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
14.4 |
(2.1) |
|
40.2 |
(2.8) |
|
45.5 |
(3.1) |
|
26.0 |
(2.9) |
|
42.5 |
(3.2) |
|
31.5 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Netherlands |
46.4 |
(4.0) |
|
19.7 |
(3.4) |
|
33.9 |
(3.6) |
|
4.1 |
(1.6) |
|
62.9 |
(3.6) |
|
32.9 |
(3.5) |
|
|
New Zealand |
1.9 |
(0.9) |
|
86.7 |
(2.4) |
|
11.4 |
(2.3) |
|
4.3 |
(1.6) |
|
77.6 |
(3.1) |
|
18.1 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Norway |
0.0 |
c |
|
8.6 |
(2.0) |
|
91.4 |
(2.0) |
|
2.9 |
(1.2) |
|
36.5 |
(4.0) |
|
60.6 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Poland |
2.7 |
(1.3) |
|
11.9 |
(2.5) |
|
85.4 |
(2.7) |
|
0.7 |
(0.6) |
|
42.0 |
(3.9) |
|
57.3 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Portugal |
10.6 |
(2.6) |
|
11.9 |
(2.9) |
|
77.5 |
(3.7) |
|
4.2 |
(1.6) |
|
39.0 |
(4.3) |
|
56.9 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
16.2 |
(3.3) |
|
22.1 |
(3.3) |
|
61.6 |
(4.4) |
|
1.3 |
(0.8) |
|
62.0 |
(3.7) |
|
36.6 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Slovenia |
0.8 |
(0.4) |
|
17.4 |
(0.6) |
|
81.8 |
(0.4) |
|
3.7 |
(0.3) |
|
31.8 |
(0.3) |
|
64.5 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Spain |
7.6 |
(1.4) |
|
42.6 |
(3.6) |
|
49.9 |
(3.8) |
|
9.1 |
(2.3) |
|
44.9 |
(3.5) |
|
45.9 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Sweden |
3.2 |
(1.3) |
|
37.4 |
(4.0) |
|
59.4 |
(4.1) |
|
2.9 |
(1.3) |
|
61.2 |
(3.9) |
|
35.9 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Switzerland |
40.6 |
(2.7) |
|
24.9 |
(2.8) |
|
34.5 |
(2.7) |
|
1.4 |
(0.4) |
|
42.1 |
(3.5) |
|
56.5 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Turkey |
15.5 |
(3.4) |
|
12.1 |
(3.3) |
|
72.4 |
(4.6) |
|
6.8 |
(2.3) |
|
17.2 |
(3.6) |
|
75.9 |
(4.0) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
6.8 |
(1.6) |
|
92.9 |
(1.6) |
|
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
1.5 |
(0.9) |
|
74.6 |
(2.8) |
|
23.9 |
(2.8) |
|
|
United States |
4.6 |
(1.9) |
|
80.7 |
(3.6) |
|
14.6 |
(3.1) |
|
3.6 |
(1.3) |
|
40.9 |
(4.2) |
|
55.5 |
(4.5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
11.5 |
(0.4) |
|
33.6 |
(0.5) |
|
54.9 |
(0.5) |
|
5.7 |
(0.3) |
|
46.1 |
(0.6) |
|
48.2 |
(0.6) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.3.7 [2/6]. Ability grouping in classes and into different classes
Results based on principals’ reports
|
PISA 2006 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students in schools that group students by ability into different classes |
Percentage of students in schools that group students by ability in their classes |
||||||||||||||||||
For all subjects |
For some subjects |
Not for any subject |
For all subjects |
For some subjects |
Not for any subject |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Argentina |
8.0 |
(1.8) |
|
23.7 |
(4.4) |
|
68.4 |
(4.7) |
|
19.2 |
(3.5) |
|
37.7 |
(5.0) |
|
43.1 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Brazil |
25.5 |
(2.8) |
|
5.7 |
(1.6) |
|
68.9 |
(2.9) |
|
31.5 |
(3.0) |
|
14.2 |
(2.4) |
|
54.3 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bulgaria |
7.3 |
(2.3) |
|
27.4 |
(4.2) |
|
65.2 |
(4.2) |
|
7.7 |
(2.3) |
|
31.4 |
(4.1) |
|
60.9 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Croatia |
26.0 |
(3.5) |
|
4.9 |
(1.6) |
|
69.1 |
(3.7) |
|
4.6 |
(1.4) |
|
27.5 |
(3.7) |
|
67.8 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Cyprus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Georgia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
16.7 |
(3.0) |
|
31.1 |
(3.7) |
|
52.3 |
(4.1) |
|
1.5 |
(1.1) |
|
45.0 |
(4.1) |
|
53.5 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Indonesia |
38.7 |
(5.1) |
† |
14.0 |
(3.0) |
† |
47.3 |
(5.0) |
† |
55.5 |
(3.7) |
|
12.1 |
(3.0) |
|
32.4 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Jordan |
16.0 |
(3.3) |
|
44.8 |
(4.9) |
|
39.2 |
(4.8) |
|
25.0 |
(3.3) |
|
61.7 |
(3.8) |
|
13.3 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Kosovo |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Lebanon |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Macao (China) |
13.4 |
(0.1) |
|
21.1 |
(0.1) |
|
65.5 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
15.3 |
(0.1) |
|
84.7 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Malta |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Moldova |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Montenegro |
43.4 |
(0.2) |
|
11.7 |
(0.1) |
|
44.8 |
(0.2) |
|
53.9 |
(0.2) |
† |
6.6 |
(0.1) |
† |
39.6 |
(0.2) |
† |
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Peru |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Qatar |
34.4 |
(0.1) |
|
32.1 |
(0.2) |
|
33.5 |
(0.1) |
|
35.6 |
(0.2) |
|
35.4 |
(0.2) |
|
28.9 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Romania |
27.9 |
(4.1) |
|
41.3 |
(5.3) |
|
30.8 |
(4.5) |
|
10.4 |
(3.3) |
|
54.6 |
(6.6) |
|
35.0 |
(5.9) |
|
|
Russia |
28.3 |
(3.4) |
|
16.5 |
(3.2) |
|
55.2 |
(4.8) |
|
20.4 |
(3.5) |
|
50.5 |
(4.8) |
|
29.1 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Serbia |
8.8 |
(2.4) |
|
1.7 |
(1.1) |
|
89.5 |
(2.7) |
|
29.1 |
(3.6) |
|
11.6 |
(2.6) |
|
59.4 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Singapore |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
8.3 |
(1.7) |
|
19.4 |
(2.7) |
|
72.3 |
(3.0) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
31.4 |
(3.0) |
|
68.1 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Thailand |
12.1 |
(2.4) |
|
42.9 |
(3.7) |
|
45.0 |
(3.7) |
|
38.2 |
(4.1) |
|
42.4 |
(3.6) |
|
19.4 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Uruguay |
4.1 |
(1.2) |
|
5.2 |
(1.3) |
|
90.6 |
(1.8) |
|
15.7 |
(2.3) |
|
12.9 |
(2.3) |
|
71.4 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.3.7 [3/6]. Ability grouping in classes and into different classes
Results based on principals’ reports
|
PISA 2018 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students in schools that group students by ability into different classes |
Percentage of students in schools that group students by ability in their classes |
||||||||||||||||||
For all subjects |
For some subjects |
Not for any subject |
For all subjects |
For some subjects |
Not for any subject |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
2.4 |
(0.6) |
|
81.2 |
(1.5) |
|
16.4 |
(1.3) |
|
4.9 |
(0.9) |
|
64.8 |
(1.9) |
|
30.2 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Austria |
3.1 |
(1.1) |
|
7.6 |
(1.8) |
|
89.3 |
(2.1) |
|
2.1 |
(0.7) |
|
29.2 |
(2.9) |
|
68.7 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Belgium |
15.7 |
(2.3) |
|
24.5 |
(2.3) |
|
59.8 |
(2.5) |
|
5.6 |
(1.3) |
|
41.9 |
(3.2) |
|
52.6 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Canada |
8.9 |
(1.4) |
|
73.2 |
(1.8) |
|
17.9 |
(1.4) |
|
4.3 |
(1.0) |
|
45.8 |
(2.4) |
|
49.9 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Chile |
3.2 |
(1.4) |
|
24.1 |
(3.3) |
|
72.7 |
(3.3) |
|
5.3 |
(1.8) |
|
38.0 |
(3.9) |
|
56.7 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Colombia |
14.2 |
(2.7) |
|
20.6 |
(2.7) |
|
65.3 |
(3.5) |
|
11.5 |
(2.4) |
|
19.4 |
(2.6) |
|
69.2 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
1.6 |
(0.8) |
|
18.9 |
(2.6) |
|
79.5 |
(2.7) |
|
0.9 |
(0.5) |
|
55.8 |
(3.3) |
|
43.3 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Denmark |
2.5 |
(0.9) |
|
21.0 |
(2.4) |
|
76.6 |
(2.5) |
|
11.0 |
(1.7) |
|
63.4 |
(3.8) |
|
25.6 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Estonia |
1.4 |
(0.6) |
|
32.2 |
(1.7) |
|
66.4 |
(1.7) |
|
3.2 |
(0.6) |
|
55.5 |
(2.0) |
|
41.3 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Finland |
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
31.6 |
(3.5) |
|
68.2 |
(3.5) |
|
1.9 |
(0.9) |
|
52.5 |
(3.8) |
|
45.7 |
(4.0) |
|
|
France |
4.8 |
(1.6) |
|
11.7 |
(2.4) |
|
83.6 |
(3.1) |
|
6.7 |
(1.7) |
|
36.4 |
(3.3) |
|
56.9 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Germany |
6.9 |
(1.5) |
|
20.7 |
(3.1) |
|
72.4 |
(3.4) |
|
10.5 |
(2.3) |
|
31.3 |
(2.7) |
|
58.2 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Greece |
2.0 |
(1.0) |
|
7.7 |
(1.6) |
|
90.3 |
(1.8) |
|
2.3 |
(1.1) |
|
17.3 |
(2.5) |
|
80.4 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Hungary |
3.2 |
(1.3) |
|
26.1 |
(3.2) |
|
70.6 |
(3.3) |
|
0.7 |
(0.6) |
|
77.4 |
(3.1) |
|
21.9 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Iceland |
0.0 |
c |
|
11.0 |
(0.1) |
|
89.0 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
47.8 |
(0.2) |
|
52.2 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Ireland |
0.8 |
(0.8) |
|
92.0 |
(2.3) |
|
7.2 |
(2.2) |
|
5.3 |
(1.8) |
|
47.1 |
(4.2) |
|
47.6 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Israel |
8.8 |
(2.3) |
|
89.1 |
(2.5) |
|
2.1 |
(1.1) |
|
4.1 |
(1.2) |
|
68.8 |
(3.5) |
|
27.1 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Italy |
5.2 |
(1.6) |
|
8.7 |
(1.8) |
|
86.2 |
(2.3) |
|
23.2 |
(2.8) |
|
26.7 |
(2.8) |
|
50.1 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Japan |
10.8 |
(2.5) |
|
38.5 |
(4.0) |
|
50.7 |
(4.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
50.3 |
(3.6) |
|
49.7 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Korea |
4.7 |
(1.9) |
|
23.7 |
(3.2) |
|
71.6 |
(3.6) |
|
3.3 |
(1.4) |
|
54.6 |
(3.5) |
|
42.1 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Latvia |
6.0 |
(0.8) |
|
13.1 |
(1.0) |
|
80.9 |
(1.1) |
|
1.5 |
(0.5) |
|
44.4 |
(1.8) |
|
54.1 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Lithuania |
9.7 |
(0.7) |
|
33.1 |
(1.5) |
|
57.1 |
(1.4) |
|
1.3 |
(0.4) |
|
61.0 |
(1.8) |
|
37.7 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
31.9 |
(0.1) |
|
32.4 |
(0.1) |
|
35.7 |
(0.1) |
|
5.0 |
(0.0) |
|
40.5 |
(0.1) |
|
54.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
13.3 |
(2.3) |
|
32.6 |
(2.9) |
|
54.1 |
(3.3) |
|
15.3 |
(2.3) |
|
52.3 |
(3.0) |
|
32.4 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Netherlands |
51.3 |
(4.3) |
|
17.1 |
(3.6) |
|
31.6 |
(3.6) |
|
4.6 |
(2.0) |
|
75.3 |
(4.1) |
|
20.1 |
(3.6) |
|
|
New Zealand |
2.1 |
(0.8) |
|
82.2 |
(2.8) |
|
15.7 |
(2.7) |
|
10.2 |
(2.3) |
|
73.3 |
(3.2) |
|
16.5 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Norway |
3.2 |
(1.3) |
|
9.9 |
(2.0) |
|
86.9 |
(2.3) |
|
7.6 |
(1.8) |
|
40.2 |
(3.6) |
|
52.2 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Poland |
3.9 |
(1.4) |
|
29.5 |
(3.1) |
|
66.6 |
(3.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
80.9 |
(2.3) |
|
19.1 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Portugal |
4.0 |
(1.6) |
|
7.8 |
(1.6) |
|
88.2 |
(2.1) |
|
2.2 |
(0.9) |
|
13.8 |
(2.5) |
|
84.1 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
9.6 |
(1.6) |
|
26.1 |
(2.6) |
|
64.3 |
(2.7) |
|
1.5 |
(0.6) |
|
58.7 |
(3.1) |
|
39.8 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Slovenia |
0.8 |
(0.0) |
|
34.2 |
(0.5) |
|
65.0 |
(0.5) |
|
7.9 |
(0.6) |
|
48.4 |
(0.7) |
|
43.7 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Spain |
5.4 |
(1.2) |
|
33.0 |
(2.1) |
|
61.6 |
(2.1) |
|
11.1 |
(1.4) |
|
30.5 |
(2.2) |
|
58.5 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Sweden |
1.7 |
(0.9) |
|
14.2 |
(2.1) |
|
84.0 |
(2.1) |
|
1.9 |
(0.9) |
|
23.1 |
(3.0) |
|
75.0 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Switzerland |
32.1 |
(3.3) |
|
37.1 |
(3.0) |
|
30.8 |
(2.8) |
|
5.4 |
(1.5) |
|
57.3 |
(3.4) |
|
37.4 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Turkey |
18.4 |
(3.2) |
|
36.0 |
(3.7) |
|
45.6 |
(3.7) |
|
4.1 |
(1.3) |
|
40.1 |
(3.9) |
|
55.8 |
(4.0) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
6.2 |
(1.6) |
|
92.2 |
(1.9) |
|
1.5 |
(1.0) |
|
1.7 |
(0.9) |
† |
69.3 |
(3.3) |
† |
28.9 |
(3.1) |
† |
|
United States |
6.9 |
(2.5) |
|
80.1 |
(3.5) |
|
13.0 |
(2.7) |
|
2.8 |
(1.8) |
|
67.9 |
(3.5) |
|
29.3 |
(3.7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
8.3 |
(0.3) |
|
34.5 |
(0.4) |
|
57.3 |
(0.4) |
|
5.2 |
(0.2) |
|
48.7 |
(0.5) |
|
46.2 |
(0.5) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.3.7 [4/6]. Ability grouping in classes and into different classes
Results based on principals’ reports
|
PISA 2018 |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students in schools that group students by ability into different classes |
Percentage of students in schools that group students by ability in their classes |
||||||||||||||||||
For all subjects |
For some subjects |
Not for any subject |
For all subjects |
For some subjects |
Not for any subject |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
13.4 |
(1.6) |
|
36.2 |
(2.7) |
|
50.4 |
(2.4) |
|
33.1 |
(2.8) |
|
36.2 |
(3.1) |
|
30.8 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Argentina |
3.0 |
(1.0) |
|
32.2 |
(3.1) |
|
64.8 |
(3.3) |
|
7.9 |
(1.7) |
|
47.2 |
(3.1) |
|
44.8 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
13.6 |
(3.3) |
† |
44.0 |
(4.2) |
† |
42.4 |
(4.5) |
† |
17.4 |
(3.1) |
† |
52.5 |
(4.4) |
† |
30.1 |
(4.1) |
† |
|
Belarus |
3.6 |
(1.4) |
|
18.0 |
(2.5) |
|
78.4 |
(2.8) |
|
4.0 |
(1.5) |
|
35.6 |
(3.5) |
|
60.4 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
17.3 |
(2.6) |
|
26.7 |
(2.9) |
|
56.0 |
(3.2) |
|
14.6 |
(2.0) |
|
42.5 |
(3.6) |
|
43.0 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Brazil |
10.7 |
(1.5) |
|
4.7 |
(1.1) |
|
84.6 |
(1.7) |
|
10.5 |
(1.4) |
|
8.6 |
(1.5) |
|
80.9 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
45.6 |
(0.1) |
|
45.4 |
(0.1) |
|
9.0 |
(0.0) |
|
17.1 |
(0.1) |
|
61.7 |
(0.1) |
|
21.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
18.5 |
(2.8) |
|
40.7 |
(3.3) |
|
40.8 |
(3.1) |
|
31.7 |
(3.7) |
|
56.2 |
(3.7) |
|
12.1 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
12.8 |
(2.9) |
|
19.4 |
(2.8) |
|
67.8 |
(3.2) |
|
13.5 |
(2.7) |
|
36.7 |
(3.6) |
|
49.8 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
22.3 |
(3.3) |
|
24.8 |
(3.1) |
|
52.9 |
(3.5) |
|
58.8 |
(3.6) |
|
21.3 |
(2.7) |
|
19.9 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Croatia |
14.1 |
(2.4) |
|
20.9 |
(3.0) |
|
65.0 |
(3.4) |
|
6.4 |
(1.9) |
|
34.7 |
(3.5) |
|
58.9 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Cyprus |
4.9 |
(0.7) |
|
25.3 |
(0.8) |
|
69.8 |
(0.5) |
|
7.3 |
(0.7) |
|
39.7 |
(0.9) |
|
52.9 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
17.4 |
(3.0) |
|
30.2 |
(4.3) |
|
52.5 |
(4.4) |
|
22.6 |
(3.1) |
|
36.1 |
(3.9) |
|
41.3 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Georgia |
2.7 |
(1.0) |
|
10.9 |
(2.1) |
|
86.4 |
(2.1) |
|
3.0 |
(1.2) |
|
20.9 |
(2.7) |
|
76.1 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
13.0 |
(3.6) |
|
77.1 |
(4.1) |
|
9.9 |
(3.2) |
|
4.0 |
(1.6) |
|
75.2 |
(4.0) |
|
20.8 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Indonesia |
23.1 |
(3.5) |
|
21.4 |
(3.3) |
|
55.5 |
(4.2) |
|
15.3 |
(3.3) |
|
26.3 |
(3.8) |
|
58.4 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Jordan |
39.3 |
(3.4) |
|
19.3 |
(2.8) |
|
41.3 |
(3.6) |
|
41.7 |
(3.3) |
|
22.8 |
(3.2) |
|
35.5 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
24.9 |
(2.4) |
|
30.0 |
(2.3) |
|
45.1 |
(2.5) |
|
21.1 |
(2.6) |
|
55.2 |
(2.8) |
|
23.7 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Kosovo |
24.3 |
(1.6) |
|
40.0 |
(1.9) |
|
35.7 |
(1.7) |
|
25.3 |
(1.8) |
|
46.5 |
(1.9) |
|
28.1 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Lebanon |
21.0 |
(2.4) |
|
19.9 |
(2.7) |
|
59.1 |
(3.2) |
|
16.4 |
(2.4) |
|
38.2 |
(3.1) |
|
45.3 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
7.8 |
(0.0) |
|
44.4 |
(0.0) |
|
47.8 |
(0.0) |
|
5.1 |
(0.0) |
|
62.4 |
(0.1) |
|
32.6 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Malaysia |
33.6 |
(3.6) |
|
48.2 |
(4.0) |
|
18.2 |
(2.8) |
|
23.6 |
(3.0) |
|
45.9 |
(3.5) |
|
30.5 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Malta |
11.9 |
(0.1) |
|
67.0 |
(0.1) |
|
21.1 |
(0.1) |
|
2.8 |
(0.0) |
|
68.0 |
(0.1) |
|
29.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Moldova |
11.4 |
(2.7) |
|
6.2 |
(2.0) |
|
82.4 |
(3.1) |
|
6.7 |
(1.8) |
|
25.2 |
(3.5) |
|
68.1 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Montenegro |
39.0 |
(0.6) |
|
12.2 |
(0.4) |
|
48.8 |
(0.4) |
|
31.1 |
(0.5) |
|
30.4 |
(0.5) |
|
38.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Morocco |
31.3 |
(3.5) |
|
5.6 |
(1.6) |
|
63.0 |
(3.7) |
|
19.4 |
(3.1) |
|
6.1 |
(1.8) |
|
74.5 |
(3.5) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
32.0 |
(0.1) |
|
26.3 |
(0.1) |
|
41.7 |
(0.1) |
|
32.7 |
(0.1) |
|
39.5 |
(0.1) |
|
27.8 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Panama |
14.7 |
(1.9) |
|
20.2 |
(2.4) |
|
65.1 |
(2.7) |
|
14.6 |
(2.0) |
|
30.6 |
(2.9) |
|
54.8 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Peru |
6.1 |
(1.3) |
|
13.2 |
(2.1) |
|
80.7 |
(2.4) |
|
7.6 |
(1.5) |
|
35.2 |
(2.7) |
|
57.2 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Philippines |
24.7 |
(3.1) |
|
41.6 |
(4.0) |
|
33.8 |
(4.1) |
|
21.1 |
(2.9) |
|
49.8 |
(3.6) |
|
29.0 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Qatar |
19.1 |
(0.1) |
|
55.8 |
(0.1) |
|
25.2 |
(0.1) |
|
26.5 |
(0.1) |
|
52.1 |
(0.1) |
|
21.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Romania |
28.3 |
(3.8) |
|
25.9 |
(3.7) |
|
45.8 |
(4.5) |
|
6.4 |
(2.1) |
|
46.2 |
(4.1) |
|
47.5 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Russia |
15.5 |
(3.1) |
|
13.8 |
(2.4) |
|
70.7 |
(4.1) |
|
11.7 |
(2.4) |
|
34.7 |
(3.3) |
|
53.6 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
51.3 |
(4.5) |
|
15.4 |
(2.8) |
|
33.3 |
(4.1) |
|
52.9 |
(3.7) |
|
24.5 |
(3.0) |
|
22.6 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Serbia |
17.6 |
(2.8) |
|
21.2 |
(2.7) |
|
61.2 |
(3.5) |
|
17.7 |
(3.2) |
|
31.5 |
(3.3) |
|
50.8 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Singapore |
9.4 |
(0.2) |
|
82.1 |
(0.8) |
|
8.5 |
(0.7) |
|
9.2 |
(1.2) |
|
70.1 |
(1.0) |
|
20.8 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
1.9 |
(0.9) |
|
25.7 |
(3.0) |
|
72.4 |
(3.1) |
|
3.2 |
(1.3) |
|
42.1 |
(3.6) |
|
54.7 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Thailand |
27.5 |
(3.1) |
|
44.2 |
(3.6) |
|
28.3 |
(2.8) |
|
14.4 |
(2.7) |
|
55.5 |
(3.6) |
|
30.1 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Ukraine |
19.7 |
(2.6) |
|
26.8 |
(2.9) |
|
53.5 |
(3.1) |
|
14.9 |
(2.8) |
|
46.8 |
(3.7) |
|
38.3 |
(3.7) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
9.2 |
(0.4) |
|
44.4 |
(1.4) |
|
46.5 |
(1.4) |
|
44.1 |
(1.6) |
|
42.4 |
(1.7) |
|
13.5 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Uruguay |
10.6 |
(1.9) |
|
10.3 |
(2.3) |
|
79.1 |
(3.0) |
|
7.9 |
(2.2) |
|
12.2 |
(2.5) |
|
79.9 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
19.6 |
(3.5) |
|
63.0 |
(4.9) |
|
17.4 |
(3.6) |
|
19.8 |
(3.7) |
|
56.9 |
(4.5) |
|
23.2 |
(4.0) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.3.7 [5/6]. Ability grouping in classes and into different classes
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Change between 2006 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2006) |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students in schools that group students by ability into different classes |
Percentage of students in schools that group students by ability in their classes |
||||||||||||||||||
For all subjects |
For some subjects |
Not for any subject |
For all subjects |
For some subjects |
Not for any subject |
||||||||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
0.7 |
(1.0) |
|
-5.9 |
(2.3) |
|
5.2 |
(2.1) |
|
1.3 |
(1.4) |
|
7.9 |
(3.6) |
|
-9.1 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Austria |
0.9 |
(1.7) |
|
-2.7 |
(3.0) |
|
1.7 |
(3.4) |
|
-0.2 |
(1.1) |
|
-6.8 |
(3.9) |
|
7.0 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Belgium |
-2.8 |
(3.4) |
|
9.8 |
(3.3) |
|
-7.0 |
(3.9) |
|
-0.2 |
(2.1) |
|
24.2 |
(4.2) |
|
-24.0 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Canada |
-2.3 |
(2.1) |
|
-2.4 |
(2.6) |
|
4.8 |
(2.0) |
|
0.0 |
(1.5) |
|
-6.4 |
(3.6) |
|
6.4 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Chile |
-16.0 |
(3.6) |
|
0.9 |
(5.1) |
|
15.1 |
(6.0) |
|
1.7 |
(2.4) |
|
-14.9 |
(6.3) |
|
13.2 |
(6.3) |
|
|
Colombia |
-9.4 |
(6.7) |
† |
9.5 |
(4.1) |
† |
-0.1 |
(7.4) |
† |
-21.3 |
(5.5) |
|
0.5 |
(4.5) |
|
20.8 |
(6.1) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
-9.4 |
(3.2) |
|
2.9 |
(3.9) |
|
6.5 |
(4.7) |
|
0.2 |
(0.7) |
|
-2.7 |
(4.9) |
|
2.6 |
(5.0) |
|
|
Denmark |
1.0 |
(1.4) |
† |
5.9 |
(4.2) |
† |
-6.9 |
(4.3) |
† |
4.9 |
(2.5) |
|
-11.8 |
(5.1) |
|
6.9 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Estonia |
-12.5 |
(2.9) |
|
15.4 |
(3.0) |
|
-2.9 |
(3.8) |
|
-0.7 |
(1.7) |
|
13.4 |
(4.2) |
|
-12.7 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Finland |
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.3 |
(5.6) |
|
1.1 |
(5.6) |
|
-0.3 |
(1.5) |
|
18.8 |
(5.2) |
|
-18.5 |
(5.4) |
|
|
France |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Germany |
-3.3 |
(2.6) |
|
9.0 |
(3.8) |
|
-5.7 |
(4.4) |
|
9.5 |
(2.5) |
|
4.0 |
(3.7) |
|
-13.5 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Greece |
1.4 |
(1.1) |
† |
-1.0 |
(2.6) |
† |
-0.4 |
(2.9) |
† |
2.3 |
(1.1) |
† |
7.3 |
(3.7) |
† |
-9.5 |
(3.7) |
† |
|
Hungary |
1.5 |
(1.8) |
|
6.9 |
(4.9) |
|
-8.5 |
(5.2) |
|
0.1 |
(0.7) |
|
10.4 |
(4.6) |
|
-10.5 |
(4.6) |
|
|
Iceland |
-2.5 |
(0.1) |
|
-25.8 |
(0.2) |
|
28.2 |
(0.2) |
|
-3.8 |
(0.1) |
|
-24.4 |
(0.3) |
|
28.2 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Ireland |
-4.8 |
(1.8) |
|
1.0 |
(3.2) |
|
3.8 |
(2.6) |
|
3.1 |
(2.2) |
|
-18.3 |
(6.1) |
|
15.2 |
(6.0) |
|
|
Israel |
-10.3 |
(4.4) |
|
13.1 |
(4.7) |
|
-2.8 |
(2.3) |
|
1.4 |
(1.9) |
† |
7.0 |
(5.8) |
† |
-8.4 |
(5.8) |
† |
|
Italy |
2.9 |
(1.8) |
|
0.5 |
(2.3) |
|
-3.4 |
(2.8) |
|
2.0 |
(3.5) |
|
3.9 |
(3.6) |
|
-5.9 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Japan |
0.9 |
(3.5) |
|
12.5 |
(5.2) |
|
-13.4 |
(5.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
13.6 |
(5.0) |
|
-13.6 |
(5.0) |
|
|
Korea |
-0.2 |
(3.1) |
|
-50.0 |
(5.2) |
|
50.2 |
(5.0) |
|
-0.4 |
(2.2) |
|
-7.6 |
(5.6) |
|
8.1 |
(5.6) |
|
|
Latvia |
-9.2 |
(3.3) |
|
5.6 |
(2.3) |
|
3.6 |
(3.4) |
|
-3.0 |
(2.1) |
|
5.2 |
(4.3) |
|
-2.2 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Lithuania |
4.5 |
(2.0) |
|
15.2 |
(3.6) |
|
-19.7 |
(4.0) |
|
-2.9 |
(1.6) |
|
3.9 |
(4.5) |
|
-1.1 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
-13.5 |
(0.1) |
|
17.1 |
(0.1) |
|
-3.6 |
(0.1) |
|
3.0 |
(0.0) |
|
15.7 |
(0.1) |
|
-18.7 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
-1.1 |
(3.1) |
|
-7.5 |
(4.0) |
|
8.6 |
(4.5) |
|
-10.7 |
(3.7) |
|
9.8 |
(4.3) |
|
0.9 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Netherlands |
4.8 |
(5.9) |
|
-2.5 |
(4.9) |
|
-2.3 |
(5.1) |
|
0.4 |
(2.6) |
|
12.4 |
(5.5) |
|
-12.8 |
(5.0) |
|
|
New Zealand |
0.2 |
(1.2) |
|
-4.5 |
(3.7) |
|
4.3 |
(3.5) |
|
6.0 |
(2.8) |
|
-4.3 |
(4.5) |
|
-1.6 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Norway |
3.2 |
(1.3) |
|
1.3 |
(2.8) |
|
-4.5 |
(3.0) |
|
4.7 |
(2.1) |
|
3.6 |
(5.4) |
|
-8.3 |
(5.6) |
|
|
Poland |
1.2 |
(1.9) |
|
17.6 |
(4.0) |
|
-18.9 |
(4.2) |
|
-0.7 |
(0.6) |
|
38.9 |
(4.5) |
|
-38.2 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Portugal |
-6.6 |
(3.0) |
|
-4.1 |
(3.3) |
|
10.7 |
(4.2) |
|
-2.0 |
(1.8) |
|
-25.2 |
(4.9) |
|
27.2 |
(5.1) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
-6.6 |
(3.7) |
|
3.9 |
(4.2) |
|
2.7 |
(5.2) |
|
0.1 |
(1.0) |
|
-3.3 |
(4.8) |
|
3.2 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Slovenia |
0.0 |
(0.4) |
|
16.8 |
(0.8) |
|
-16.7 |
(0.6) |
|
4.2 |
(0.7) |
|
16.6 |
(0.8) |
|
-20.8 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Spain |
-2.1 |
(1.8) |
|
-9.6 |
(4.2) |
|
11.7 |
(4.3) |
|
2.0 |
(2.7) |
|
-14.5 |
(4.1) |
|
12.5 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Sweden |
-1.5 |
(1.6) |
|
-23.2 |
(4.5) |
|
24.7 |
(4.6) |
|
-1.0 |
(1.5) |
|
-38.1 |
(5.0) |
|
39.1 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Switzerland |
-8.5 |
(4.3) |
|
12.2 |
(4.1) |
|
-3.7 |
(3.9) |
|
4.0 |
(1.5) |
|
15.2 |
(4.9) |
|
-19.2 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Turkey |
2.9 |
(4.7) |
|
23.9 |
(5.0) |
|
-26.8 |
(5.9) |
|
-2.7 |
(2.6) |
|
22.9 |
(5.3) |
|
-20.2 |
(5.6) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
-0.6 |
(2.3) |
|
-0.6 |
(2.5) |
|
1.2 |
(1.0) |
|
0.2 |
(1.2) |
† |
-5.2 |
(4.3) |
† |
5.0 |
(4.2) |
† |
|
United States |
2.3 |
(3.2) |
|
-0.6 |
(5.0) |
|
-1.6 |
(4.1) |
|
-0.8 |
(2.2) |
|
27.0 |
(5.5) |
|
-26.2 |
(5.8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
-3.3 |
(0.5) |
|
0.9 |
(0.6) |
|
2.4 |
(0.7) |
|
-0.6 |
(0.4) |
|
2.6 |
(0.7) |
|
-2.1 |
(0.8) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.3.7 [6/6]. Ability grouping in classes and into different classes
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Change between 2006 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2006) |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students in schools that group students by ability into different classes |
Percentage of students in schools that group students by ability in their classes |
||||||||||||||||||
For all subjects |
For some subjects |
Not for any subject |
For all subjects |
For some subjects |
Not for any subject |
||||||||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Argentina |
-5.0 |
(2.1) |
|
8.5 |
(5.4) |
|
-3.5 |
(5.7) |
|
-11.2 |
(3.9) |
|
9.5 |
(5.8) |
|
1.7 |
(5.3) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Brazil |
-14.8 |
(3.1) |
|
-0.9 |
(2.0) |
|
15.7 |
(3.3) |
|
-21.0 |
(3.3) |
|
-5.6 |
(2.8) |
|
26.6 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bulgaria |
5.5 |
(3.7) |
|
-8.0 |
(5.0) |
|
2.6 |
(5.3) |
|
5.9 |
(3.5) |
|
5.3 |
(5.5) |
|
-11.1 |
(5.7) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Croatia |
-11.9 |
(4.2) |
|
16.1 |
(3.4) |
|
-4.2 |
(5.1) |
|
1.8 |
(2.4) |
|
7.2 |
(5.1) |
|
-9.0 |
(5.1) |
|
|
Cyprus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Georgia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
-3.6 |
(4.6) |
|
46.0 |
(5.5) |
|
-42.4 |
(5.2) |
|
2.5 |
(1.9) |
|
30.2 |
(5.7) |
|
-32.7 |
(5.5) |
|
|
Indonesia |
-15.6 |
(6.1) |
† |
7.4 |
(4.5) |
† |
8.2 |
(6.6) |
† |
-40.3 |
(5.0) |
|
14.2 |
(4.8) |
|
26.1 |
(5.1) |
|
|
Jordan |
23.3 |
(4.7) |
|
-25.5 |
(5.7) |
|
2.2 |
(6.0) |
|
16.7 |
(4.6) |
|
-39.0 |
(5.0) |
|
22.2 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Kosovo |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Lebanon |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Macao (China) |
-5.6 |
(0.1) |
|
23.3 |
(0.1) |
|
-17.7 |
(0.1) |
|
5.1 |
(0.0) |
|
47.0 |
(0.1) |
|
-52.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Malta |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Moldova |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Montenegro |
-4.5 |
(0.6) |
|
0.4 |
(0.5) |
|
4.0 |
(0.5) |
|
-22.7 |
(0.6) |
† |
23.9 |
(0.5) |
† |
-1.1 |
(0.3) |
† |
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Peru |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Qatar |
-15.3 |
(0.1) |
|
23.6 |
(0.2) |
|
-8.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-9.2 |
(0.2) |
|
16.7 |
(0.2) |
|
-7.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Romania |
0.5 |
(5.6) |
|
-15.5 |
(6.4) |
|
15.0 |
(6.3) |
|
-4.1 |
(3.9) |
|
-8.4 |
(7.8) |
|
12.5 |
(7.3) |
|
|
Russia |
-12.9 |
(4.6) |
|
-2.7 |
(4.0) |
|
15.5 |
(6.3) |
|
-8.7 |
(4.2) |
|
-15.8 |
(5.8) |
|
24.6 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Serbia |
8.8 |
(3.7) |
|
19.5 |
(2.9) |
|
-28.3 |
(4.4) |
|
-11.3 |
(4.8) |
|
19.9 |
(4.2) |
|
-8.6 |
(5.5) |
|
|
Singapore |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
-6.3 |
(1.9) |
|
6.2 |
(4.0) |
|
0.1 |
(4.3) |
|
2.6 |
(1.4) |
|
10.8 |
(4.7) |
|
-13.4 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Thailand |
15.4 |
(3.9) |
|
1.3 |
(5.2) |
|
-16.7 |
(4.7) |
|
-23.9 |
(4.9) |
|
13.2 |
(5.1) |
|
10.7 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Uruguay |
6.5 |
(2.3) |
|
5.1 |
(2.7) |
|
-11.6 |
(3.5) |
|
-7.8 |
(3.2) |
|
-0.7 |
(3.4) |
|
8.5 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.2 [1/6]. Shortage of education staff in 2015 and 2018
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the school’s capacity to provide instruction is hindered to some extent or a lot by the following factors: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PISA 2015 |
|||||||||||||
A lack of teaching staff |
Inadequate or poorly qualified teaching staff |
A lack of assisting staff |
Inadequate or poorly qualified assisting staff |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
20.5 |
(1.4) |
|
17.6 |
(1.6) |
|
18.1 |
(1.5) |
|
12.8 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Austria |
19.1 |
(2.8) |
|
13.8 |
(2.6) |
|
60.7 |
(3.7) |
|
27.7 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Belgium |
33.9 |
(3.1) |
|
30.3 |
(2.8) |
|
37.4 |
(3.1) |
|
19.5 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Canada |
18.8 |
(2.2) |
|
13.2 |
(2.0) |
|
32.4 |
(2.6) |
|
15.1 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Chile |
17.2 |
(3.1) |
|
19.2 |
(3.4) |
|
17.2 |
(2.9) |
|
14.3 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Colombia |
41.4 |
(3.3) |
|
26.7 |
(3.1) |
|
69.7 |
(2.9) |
|
31.4 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
13.2 |
(1.8) |
|
17.4 |
(2.3) |
|
27.0 |
(3.1) |
|
9.4 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Denmark |
6.0 |
(1.6) |
|
4.9 |
(1.4) |
|
21.3 |
(3.1) |
|
8.3 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Estonia |
34.6 |
(2.9) |
|
27.3 |
(2.6) |
|
37.7 |
(2.5) |
|
16.1 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Finland |
2.8 |
(1.2) |
|
3.8 |
(1.6) |
|
46.1 |
(3.7) |
|
24.7 |
(3.7) |
|
|
France |
34.7 |
(2.7) |
|
20.4 |
(2.9) |
|
34.3 |
(3.0) |
|
17.6 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Germany |
55.1 |
(3.8) |
|
23.5 |
(3.2) |
|
53.4 |
(3.6) |
|
17.7 |
(2.5) |
† |
|
Greece |
44.3 |
(3.0) |
|
21.0 |
(2.9) |
|
72.8 |
(3.1) |
|
32.8 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Hungary |
33.8 |
(3.0) |
|
18.6 |
(2.7) |
|
54.9 |
(4.0) |
|
6.9 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Iceland |
13.3 |
(0.2) |
|
14.8 |
(0.2) |
|
27.8 |
(0.3) |
|
10.9 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Ireland |
55.5 |
(4.1) |
|
13.3 |
(3.1) |
|
40.6 |
(4.0) |
|
23.9 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Israel |
41.1 |
(4.1) |
|
40.6 |
(4.2) |
|
33.2 |
(3.7) |
|
26.6 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Italy |
31.5 |
(4.0) |
† |
40.9 |
(3.5) |
† |
45.4 |
(3.7) |
† |
32.1 |
(3.8) |
† |
|
Japan |
55.1 |
(3.3) |
|
43.7 |
(3.6) |
|
36.0 |
(3.4) |
|
18.1 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Korea |
38.8 |
(3.8) |
|
11.4 |
(2.4) |
|
72.6 |
(3.5) |
|
13.2 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Latvia |
21.5 |
(2.2) |
|
15.0 |
(2.1) |
|
27.5 |
(2.5) |
|
14.3 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Lithuania |
11.3 |
(1.8) |
|
15.5 |
(2.1) |
|
21.2 |
(2.5) |
|
12.3 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
59.0 |
(0.1) |
|
20.6 |
(0.1) |
|
43.2 |
(0.1) |
|
17.9 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
29.1 |
(2.9) |
|
14.4 |
(2.2) |
|
46.7 |
(3.3) |
|
19.7 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Netherlands |
27.1 |
(4.0) |
† |
35.6 |
(4.5) |
† |
10.0 |
(2.9) |
† |
14.9 |
(3.5) |
† |
|
New Zealand |
20.9 |
(3.1) |
|
15.8 |
(3.0) |
|
19.2 |
(3.5) |
|
7.9 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Norway |
21.5 |
(3.0) |
|
17.5 |
(2.4) |
|
12.4 |
(2.4) |
|
19.5 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Poland |
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.6 |
(0.6) |
|
17.0 |
(2.9) |
|
12.4 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Portugal |
39.7 |
(3.4) |
|
30.9 |
(3.4) |
|
73.6 |
(2.6) |
|
68.0 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
9.9 |
(1.9) |
|
6.3 |
(1.3) |
|
24.9 |
(2.9) |
|
8.6 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Slovenia |
18.9 |
(0.5) |
|
10.4 |
(0.6) |
|
16.4 |
(0.6) |
|
7.8 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Spain |
55.5 |
(2.8) |
|
28.2 |
(3.2) |
|
60.0 |
(3.0) |
|
12.0 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Sweden |
39.1 |
(3.8) |
|
38.1 |
(3.7) |
|
42.6 |
(3.6) |
|
35.4 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Switzerland |
23.8 |
(2.9) |
|
15.3 |
(2.9) |
|
16.8 |
(2.7) |
|
4.8 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Turkey |
29.3 |
(3.4) |
|
26.4 |
(3.4) |
|
53.2 |
(4.0) |
|
50.9 |
(3.6) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
42.8 |
(4.0) |
† |
20.1 |
(3.4) |
† |
19.0 |
(2.6) |
† |
12.0 |
(2.5) |
† |
|
United States |
23.7 |
(3.1) |
|
14.2 |
(3.0) |
|
24.1 |
(3.4) |
|
11.7 |
(2.2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
29.3 |
(0.5) |
|
20.2 |
(0.5) |
|
36.9 |
(0.5) |
|
19.2 |
(0.4) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.2 [2/6]. Shortage of education staff in 2015 and 2018
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the school’s capacity to provide instruction is hindered to some extent or a lot by the following factors: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PISA 2015 |
|||||||||||||
A lack of teaching staff |
Inadequate or poorly qualified teaching staff |
A lack of assisting staff |
Inadequate or poorly qualified assisting staff |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
13.7 |
(2.7) |
|
16.8 |
(2.8) |
|
38.2 |
(3.8) |
|
30.8 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Argentina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Brazil |
26.0 |
(2.3) |
|
19.9 |
(2.6) |
|
37.3 |
(2.4) |
|
25.6 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bulgaria |
6.8 |
(1.6) |
|
7.2 |
(1.8) |
|
2.7 |
(0.9) |
|
3.3 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
46.8 |
(4.0) |
|
45.0 |
(3.7) |
|
58.8 |
(3.4) |
|
50.2 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Croatia |
20.5 |
(3.1) |
|
20.5 |
(3.5) |
|
43.0 |
(4.0) |
|
18.9 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Cyprus |
19.2 |
(0.1) |
|
31.9 |
(0.1) |
|
30.1 |
(0.1) |
|
20.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
29.6 |
(3.0) |
|
21.5 |
(3.3) |
|
29.5 |
(4.5) |
|
14.8 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Georgia |
6.0 |
(1.4) |
|
20.7 |
(3.0) |
|
27.7 |
(2.9) |
|
17.6 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
22.3 |
(3.5) |
|
11.5 |
(2.7) |
|
24.9 |
(3.4) |
|
7.4 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Indonesia |
32.2 |
(3.1) |
|
22.0 |
(2.9) |
|
30.8 |
(2.9) |
|
20.9 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Jordan |
56.3 |
(3.8) |
|
57.1 |
(4.1) |
|
48.5 |
(3.8) |
|
43.4 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
32.8 |
(3.8) |
|
27.7 |
(3.5) |
|
26.3 |
(3.2) |
|
19.9 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Kosovo |
19.9 |
(1.0) |
|
15.0 |
(1.0) |
|
33.2 |
(1.3) |
|
20.0 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Lebanon |
22.7 |
(3.1) |
|
18.6 |
(2.6) |
|
30.3 |
(3.4) |
|
15.9 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
33.8 |
(0.1) |
|
45.7 |
(0.1) |
|
26.3 |
(0.1) |
|
22.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Malta |
12.1 |
(0.1) |
|
10.6 |
(0.1) |
|
48.5 |
(0.1) |
|
24.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Moldova |
25.7 |
(3.3) |
|
25.1 |
(2.9) |
|
12.6 |
(2.3) |
|
15.3 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Montenegro |
1.1 |
(0.3) |
|
0.4 |
(0.3) |
|
2.5 |
(0.4) |
|
5.7 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
North Macedonia |
4.1 |
(0.1) |
|
6.1 |
(0.1) |
|
23.2 |
(0.2) |
|
15.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Peru |
25.0 |
(2.6) |
|
24.6 |
(2.8) |
|
41.8 |
(3.1) |
|
31.3 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Qatar |
17.2 |
(0.1) |
|
8.4 |
(0.0) |
|
11.2 |
(0.1) |
|
9.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Romania |
5.4 |
(1.5) |
|
3.0 |
(1.0) |
|
29.8 |
(3.6) |
|
30.0 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Russia |
41.4 |
(3.6) |
|
42.9 |
(3.3) |
|
29.3 |
(4.2) |
|
19.6 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Serbia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Singapore |
10.7 |
(0.1) |
|
12.5 |
(0.1) |
|
12.7 |
(0.7) |
|
7.8 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
39.4 |
(3.2) |
|
18.7 |
(2.5) |
|
32.6 |
(3.4) |
|
11.5 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Thailand |
53.0 |
(4.1) |
|
29.4 |
(3.4) |
|
47.9 |
(4.1) |
|
25.5 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
38.3 |
(2.5) |
|
32.9 |
(2.4) |
|
36.6 |
(2.1) |
|
27.9 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Uruguay |
44.9 |
(3.1) |
|
29.9 |
(2.4) |
|
55.1 |
(2.8) |
|
39.4 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
28.6 |
(4.1) |
|
21.1 |
(3.2) |
|
34.8 |
(3.8) |
|
27.6 |
(3.7) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.2 [3/6]. Shortage of education staff in 2015 and 2018
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the school’s capacity to provide instruction is hindered to some extent or a lot by the following factors: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PISA 2018 |
|||||||||||||
A lack of teaching staff |
Inadequate or poorly qualified teaching staff |
A lack of assisting staff |
Inadequate or poorly qualified assisting staff |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
17.0 |
(1.2) |
|
14.3 |
(1.4) |
|
12.4 |
(1.2) |
|
7.7 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Austria |
11.9 |
(1.9) |
|
9.3 |
(2.3) |
|
66.0 |
(3.0) |
|
28.2 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Belgium |
43.5 |
(3.1) |
|
25.5 |
(2.9) |
|
32.8 |
(2.9) |
|
16.9 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Canada |
19.4 |
(1.7) |
|
7.1 |
(1.2) |
|
27.9 |
(2.2) |
|
11.3 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Chile |
12.6 |
(2.6) |
|
18.1 |
(2.8) |
|
21.5 |
(3.4) |
|
16.3 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Colombia |
30.6 |
(2.9) |
|
16.8 |
(2.6) |
|
58.8 |
(3.2) |
|
26.7 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
35.2 |
(2.8) |
|
19.8 |
(2.7) |
|
33.4 |
(2.8) |
|
15.0 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Denmark |
5.3 |
(1.3) |
|
2.5 |
(1.0) |
|
13.2 |
(2.2) |
|
6.0 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Estonia |
43.6 |
(2.1) |
|
33.2 |
(2.0) |
|
37.3 |
(2.0) |
|
19.7 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Finland |
7.3 |
(2.1) |
|
6.2 |
(1.9) |
|
38.0 |
(3.4) |
|
22.0 |
(2.8) |
|
|
France |
17.1 |
(2.6) |
|
11.3 |
(2.4) |
|
31.7 |
(3.4) |
|
13.0 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Germany |
56.9 |
(3.6) |
|
15.6 |
(2.5) |
|
48.8 |
(3.4) |
|
18.2 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Greece |
26.3 |
(3.1) |
|
12.8 |
(2.3) |
|
64.4 |
(3.4) |
|
27.0 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Hungary |
33.7 |
(3.4) |
|
9.9 |
(2.5) |
|
44.3 |
(3.6) |
|
9.6 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Iceland |
9.9 |
(0.2) |
|
3.7 |
(0.1) |
|
17.7 |
(0.2) |
|
12.2 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Ireland |
44.8 |
(4.0) |
|
11.1 |
(2.6) |
|
26.0 |
(3.5) |
|
15.6 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Israel |
37.6 |
(3.5) |
|
33.8 |
(3.8) |
|
35.9 |
(3.7) |
|
27.8 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Italy |
22.7 |
(2.8) |
|
26.3 |
(2.8) |
|
48.8 |
(3.4) |
|
32.1 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Japan |
52.8 |
(3.7) |
|
40.0 |
(3.4) |
|
31.7 |
(3.4) |
|
19.5 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Korea |
32.6 |
(3.4) |
|
17.0 |
(2.9) |
|
55.9 |
(3.8) |
|
11.6 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Latvia |
28.2 |
(1.6) |
|
10.5 |
(1.1) |
|
17.3 |
(1.9) |
|
9.8 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Lithuania |
7.2 |
(0.5) |
|
3.6 |
(0.9) |
|
6.7 |
(0.9) |
|
4.6 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
75.3 |
(0.1) |
|
13.0 |
(0.1) |
|
55.0 |
(0.1) |
|
11.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
25.3 |
(2.3) |
|
9.0 |
(1.9) |
|
35.2 |
(2.9) |
|
14.8 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Netherlands |
35.7 |
(4.1) |
|
23.6 |
(3.6) |
|
9.9 |
(2.7) |
|
8.5 |
(2.5) |
|
|
New Zealand |
37.2 |
(3.1) |
|
16.4 |
(2.2) |
|
19.4 |
(2.7) |
|
8.3 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Norway |
11.3 |
(1.7) |
|
5.0 |
(1.4) |
|
7.9 |
(2.1) |
|
10.2 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Poland |
2.6 |
(1.1) |
|
1.2 |
(0.7) |
|
8.7 |
(1.9) |
|
5.7 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Portugal |
31.8 |
(3.1) |
|
23.0 |
(3.1) |
|
67.7 |
(2.9) |
|
57.4 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
11.4 |
(1.9) |
|
4.9 |
(1.1) |
|
29.1 |
(2.4) |
|
10.7 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Slovenia |
22.8 |
(0.6) |
|
11.2 |
(0.2) |
|
25.5 |
(0.5) |
|
7.9 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Spain |
42.7 |
(2.4) |
|
22.2 |
(1.8) |
|
59.4 |
(2.3) |
|
15.2 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Sweden |
30.1 |
(3.2) |
|
32.0 |
(3.0) |
|
29.2 |
(3.4) |
|
38.6 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Switzerland |
11.0 |
(2.5) |
|
5.1 |
(1.5) |
|
11.5 |
(2.1) |
|
3.8 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Turkey |
14.7 |
(2.1) |
|
20.4 |
(3.2) |
|
35.6 |
(3.6) |
|
26.6 |
(3.5) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
28.1 |
(3.1) |
|
8.6 |
(1.9) |
|
21.5 |
(2.6) |
|
7.8 |
(1.7) |
|
|
United States |
25.8 |
(3.6) |
|
13.2 |
(2.1) |
|
26.8 |
(3.7) |
|
13.9 |
(2.6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
27.1 |
(0.4) |
|
15.1 |
(0.4) |
|
32.8 |
(0.5) |
|
16.5 |
(0.4) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.2 [4/6]. Shortage of education staff in 2015 and 2018
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the school’s capacity to provide instruction is hindered to some extent or a lot by the following factors: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PISA 2018 |
|||||||||||||
A lack of teaching staff |
Inadequate or poorly qualified teaching staff |
A lack of assisting staff |
Inadequate or poorly qualified assisting staff |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
3.9 |
(1.2) |
|
4.4 |
(1.0) |
|
13.6 |
(1.6) |
|
11.0 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Argentina |
25.9 |
(2.7) |
|
17.9 |
(2.6) |
|
35.6 |
(2.8) |
|
19.6 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
42.8 |
(4.5) |
† |
27.9 |
(4.0) |
† |
28.5 |
(3.9) |
† |
17.0 |
(2.9) |
† |
|
Belarus |
9.6 |
(2.2) |
|
11.8 |
(2.4) |
|
8.8 |
(1.9) |
|
5.3 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
4.6 |
(1.1) |
|
4.6 |
(1.4) |
|
15.3 |
(2.3) |
|
3.9 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Brazil |
17.6 |
(1.8) |
|
11.3 |
(1.6) |
|
34.1 |
(2.2) |
|
15.2 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
15.0 |
(0.1) |
|
6.5 |
(0.0) |
|
27.5 |
(0.1) |
|
19.9 |
(0.1) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
41.4 |
(3.7) |
|
40.7 |
(3.8) |
|
26.3 |
(3.2) |
|
25.9 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
8.0 |
(1.6) |
|
5.9 |
(1.8) |
|
4.3 |
(1.6) |
|
3.0 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
39.9 |
(3.4) |
|
35.7 |
(3.3) |
|
47.5 |
(3.7) |
|
41.5 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Croatia |
18.3 |
(2.6) |
|
15.5 |
(2.4) |
|
45.1 |
(3.7) |
|
18.1 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Cyprus |
7.3 |
(0.1) |
|
15.7 |
(0.1) |
|
25.7 |
(0.1) |
|
11.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
27.6 |
(3.2) |
|
19.1 |
(2.7) |
|
31.7 |
(3.2) |
|
11.8 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Georgia |
4.6 |
(1.2) |
|
19.9 |
(2.9) |
|
29.4 |
(3.1) |
|
17.4 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
23.7 |
(4.1) |
|
10.6 |
(2.9) |
|
40.1 |
(4.8) |
|
19.7 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Indonesia |
42.4 |
(4.7) |
|
24.9 |
(4.0) |
|
41.7 |
(4.4) |
|
31.6 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Jordan |
40.9 |
(3.3) |
|
40.3 |
(2.9) |
|
50.4 |
(3.4) |
|
42.5 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
29.3 |
(2.4) |
|
19.3 |
(2.3) |
|
14.0 |
(1.6) |
|
13.4 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Kosovo |
19.1 |
(1.1) |
|
10.3 |
(1.3) |
|
29.1 |
(1.6) |
|
16.6 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Lebanon |
15.1 |
(2.1) |
|
14.1 |
(2.0) |
|
26.3 |
(2.6) |
|
16.5 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
12.0 |
(0.0) |
|
23.9 |
(0.0) |
|
11.7 |
(0.0) |
|
20.1 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Malaysia |
7.5 |
(2.0) |
|
12.6 |
(2.5) |
|
12.7 |
(2.5) |
|
9.7 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Malta |
16.4 |
(0.1) |
|
15.3 |
(0.1) |
|
24.2 |
(0.1) |
|
15.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Moldova |
28.7 |
(3.5) |
|
12.9 |
(2.3) |
|
22.9 |
(3.3) |
|
18.4 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Montenegro |
1.7 |
(0.2) |
|
2.9 |
(0.3) |
|
7.5 |
(0.3) |
|
2.9 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Morocco |
36.9 |
(3.8) |
|
31.6 |
(3.8) |
|
74.1 |
(2.8) |
|
49.2 |
(4.0) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
3.6 |
(0.1) |
|
1.9 |
(0.0) |
|
31.0 |
(0.1) |
|
7.8 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Panama |
14.8 |
(2.1) |
|
11.8 |
(1.8) |
|
53.7 |
(2.6) |
|
30.6 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Peru |
16.5 |
(2.2) |
|
20.6 |
(2.3) |
|
41.7 |
(2.6) |
|
34.9 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Philippines |
19.5 |
(2.6) |
|
8.1 |
(2.2) |
|
24.1 |
(3.2) |
|
14.9 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Qatar |
11.4 |
(0.0) |
|
5.5 |
(0.0) |
|
11.7 |
(0.0) |
|
7.9 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Romania |
8.8 |
(2.3) |
|
4.2 |
(1.6) |
|
20.2 |
(3.2) |
|
18.0 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Russia |
43.1 |
(2.6) |
|
37.2 |
(2.9) |
|
22.8 |
(2.8) |
|
12.1 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
49.5 |
(3.4) |
|
39.6 |
(3.5) |
|
47.6 |
(3.7) |
|
40.9 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Serbia |
2.3 |
(1.2) |
|
3.6 |
(1.3) |
|
20.8 |
(3.0) |
|
2.4 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Singapore |
5.3 |
(0.2) |
|
6.3 |
(0.2) |
|
7.2 |
(0.2) |
|
4.3 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
19.6 |
(2.6) |
|
15.9 |
(2.9) |
|
12.9 |
(2.4) |
|
7.7 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Thailand |
37.7 |
(3.8) |
|
17.4 |
(2.2) |
|
33.6 |
(3.2) |
|
19.8 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Ukraine |
19.6 |
(2.1) |
|
16.0 |
(2.5) |
|
24.8 |
(3.1) |
|
14.9 |
(2.5) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
27.7 |
(1.4) |
|
29.9 |
(1.4) |
|
30.2 |
(1.2) |
|
23.2 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Uruguay |
28.6 |
(3.4) |
|
26.7 |
(3.2) |
|
53.2 |
(3.4) |
|
41.1 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
23.8 |
(4.1) |
|
15.0 |
(3.2) |
|
30.9 |
(4.8) |
|
21.9 |
(3.9) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.2 [5/6]. Shortage of education staff in 2015 and 2018
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the school’s capacity to provide instruction is hindered to some extent or a lot by the following factors: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Change between 2015 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2015) |
|||||||||||||
A lack of teaching staff |
Inadequate or poorly qualified teaching staff |
A lack of assisting staff |
Inadequate or poorly qualified assisting staff |
||||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
-3.5 |
(1.8) |
|
-3.3 |
(2.1) |
|
-5.7 |
(1.9) |
|
-5.1 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Austria |
-7.2 |
(3.4) |
|
-4.6 |
(3.5) |
|
5.3 |
(4.8) |
|
0.6 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Belgium |
9.6 |
(4.3) |
|
-4.8 |
(4.1) |
|
-4.6 |
(4.3) |
|
-2.6 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Canada |
0.6 |
(2.8) |
|
-6.1 |
(2.3) |
|
-4.5 |
(3.4) |
|
-3.8 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Chile |
-4.6 |
(4.1) |
|
-1.1 |
(4.4) |
|
4.3 |
(4.5) |
|
2.0 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Colombia |
-10.7 |
(4.4) |
|
-9.9 |
(4.1) |
|
-10.9 |
(4.3) |
|
-4.8 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
22.0 |
(3.3) |
|
2.4 |
(3.5) |
|
6.4 |
(4.1) |
|
5.6 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Denmark |
-0.7 |
(2.0) |
|
-2.4 |
(1.7) |
|
-8.2 |
(3.8) |
|
-2.3 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Estonia |
9.0 |
(3.6) |
|
5.9 |
(3.3) |
|
-0.4 |
(3.1) |
|
3.6 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Finland |
4.6 |
(2.4) |
|
2.3 |
(2.5) |
|
-8.1 |
(5.0) |
|
-2.8 |
(4.7) |
|
|
France |
-17.6 |
(3.8) |
|
-9.1 |
(3.7) |
|
-2.5 |
(4.5) |
|
-4.6 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Germany |
1.8 |
(5.2) |
|
-7.9 |
(4.1) |
|
-4.7 |
(4.9) |
|
0.4 |
(3.9) |
† |
|
Greece |
-18.1 |
(4.4) |
|
-8.2 |
(3.7) |
|
-8.4 |
(4.6) |
|
-5.7 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Hungary |
-0.2 |
(4.5) |
|
-8.7 |
(3.7) |
|
-10.5 |
(5.3) |
|
2.7 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Iceland |
-3.3 |
(0.3) |
|
-11.1 |
(0.2) |
|
-10.1 |
(0.3) |
|
1.3 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Ireland |
-10.7 |
(5.7) |
|
-2.1 |
(4.0) |
|
-14.6 |
(5.3) |
|
-8.3 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Israel |
-3.5 |
(5.4) |
|
-6.8 |
(5.6) |
|
2.7 |
(5.3) |
|
1.2 |
(5.2) |
|
|
Italy |
-8.8 |
(4.9) |
† |
-14.6 |
(4.5) |
† |
3.4 |
(5.1) |
† |
0.0 |
(4.8) |
† |
|
Japan |
-2.2 |
(5.0) |
|
-3.7 |
(4.9) |
|
-4.3 |
(4.9) |
|
1.4 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Korea |
-6.2 |
(5.1) |
|
5.6 |
(3.8) |
|
-16.7 |
(5.1) |
|
-1.6 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Latvia |
6.7 |
(2.7) |
|
-4.5 |
(2.3) |
|
-10.2 |
(3.2) |
|
-4.5 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Lithuania |
-4.1 |
(1.9) |
|
-11.9 |
(2.3) |
|
-14.5 |
(2.7) |
|
-7.7 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
16.3 |
(0.1) |
|
-7.6 |
(0.1) |
|
11.8 |
(0.1) |
|
-6.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
-3.9 |
(3.7) |
|
-5.4 |
(3.0) |
|
-11.5 |
(4.3) |
|
-4.8 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Netherlands |
8.6 |
(5.7) |
† |
-12.0 |
(5.8) |
† |
0.0 |
(4.0) |
† |
-6.4 |
(4.3) |
† |
|
New Zealand |
16.2 |
(4.4) |
|
0.6 |
(3.7) |
|
0.2 |
(4.4) |
|
0.4 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Norway |
-10.2 |
(3.5) |
|
-12.6 |
(2.8) |
|
-4.5 |
(3.2) |
|
-9.3 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Poland |
2.5 |
(1.1) |
|
0.6 |
(0.9) |
|
-8.3 |
(3.4) |
|
-6.8 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Portugal |
-7.8 |
(4.6) |
|
-7.9 |
(4.6) |
|
-5.9 |
(3.9) |
|
-10.5 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
1.5 |
(2.7) |
|
-1.4 |
(1.7) |
|
4.2 |
(3.8) |
|
2.1 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Slovenia |
3.9 |
(0.7) |
|
0.8 |
(0.6) |
|
9.1 |
(0.8) |
|
0.2 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Spain |
-12.8 |
(3.6) |
|
-5.9 |
(3.7) |
|
-0.6 |
(3.8) |
|
3.2 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Sweden |
-9.0 |
(4.9) |
|
-6.2 |
(4.8) |
|
-13.5 |
(5.0) |
|
3.2 |
(5.4) |
|
|
Switzerland |
-12.8 |
(3.8) |
|
-10.2 |
(3.2) |
|
-5.3 |
(3.5) |
|
-1.0 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Turkey |
-14.6 |
(4.0) |
|
-6.0 |
(4.6) |
|
-17.6 |
(5.4) |
|
-24.3 |
(5.0) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
-14.7 |
(5.0) |
† |
-11.4 |
(3.9) |
† |
2.5 |
(3.7) |
† |
-4.2 |
(3.0) |
† |
|
United States |
2.1 |
(4.7) |
|
-1.0 |
(3.7) |
|
2.7 |
(5.0) |
|
2.1 |
(3.4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
-2.2 |
(0.6) |
|
-5.1 |
(0.6) |
|
-4.1 |
(0.7) |
|
-2.6 |
(0.6) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.2 [6/6]. Shortage of education staff in 2015 and 2018
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the school’s capacity to provide instruction is hindered to some extent or a lot by the following factors: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Change between 2015 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2015) |
|||||||||||||
A lack of teaching staff |
Inadequate or poorly qualified teaching staff |
A lack of assisting staff |
Inadequate or poorly qualified assisting staff |
||||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
-9.8 |
(3.0) |
|
-12.3 |
(3.0) |
|
-24.6 |
(4.2) |
|
-19.8 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Argentina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Brazil |
-8.3 |
(2.9) |
|
-8.6 |
(3.0) |
|
-3.2 |
(3.3) |
|
-10.4 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bulgaria |
1.2 |
(2.2) |
|
-1.4 |
(2.6) |
|
1.6 |
(1.8) |
|
-0.3 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
-6.9 |
(5.3) |
|
-9.3 |
(4.9) |
|
-11.3 |
(5.0) |
|
-8.7 |
(5.1) |
|
|
Croatia |
-2.2 |
(4.1) |
|
-5.0 |
(4.3) |
|
2.1 |
(5.4) |
|
-0.8 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Cyprus |
-11.9 |
(0.1) |
|
-16.2 |
(0.2) |
|
-4.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-9.1 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
-2.0 |
(4.4) |
|
-2.4 |
(4.3) |
|
2.2 |
(5.5) |
|
-3.0 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Georgia |
-1.5 |
(1.8) |
|
-0.8 |
(4.2) |
|
1.6 |
(4.3) |
|
-0.2 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
1.4 |
(5.3) |
|
-0.9 |
(4.0) |
|
15.2 |
(5.9) |
|
12.3 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Indonesia |
10.3 |
(5.6) |
|
2.9 |
(5.0) |
|
10.9 |
(5.2) |
|
10.7 |
(5.0) |
|
|
Jordan |
-15.4 |
(5.0) |
|
-16.7 |
(5.0) |
|
1.9 |
(5.1) |
|
-0.9 |
(5.1) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
-3.4 |
(4.6) |
|
-8.4 |
(4.1) |
|
-12.2 |
(3.5) |
|
-6.5 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Kosovo |
-0.8 |
(1.5) |
|
-4.7 |
(1.7) |
|
-4.0 |
(2.1) |
|
-3.4 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Lebanon |
-7.6 |
(3.8) |
|
-4.5 |
(3.3) |
|
-4.0 |
(4.2) |
|
0.6 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
-21.8 |
(0.1) |
|
-21.9 |
(0.1) |
|
-14.5 |
(0.1) |
|
-2.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Malta |
4.3 |
(0.2) |
|
4.7 |
(0.1) |
|
-24.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-8.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Moldova |
3.0 |
(4.8) |
|
-12.2 |
(3.7) |
|
10.3 |
(4.0) |
|
3.0 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Montenegro |
0.6 |
(0.4) |
|
2.5 |
(0.4) |
|
5.0 |
(0.5) |
|
-2.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
North Macedonia |
-0.5 |
(0.1) |
|
-4.2 |
(0.1) |
|
7.8 |
(0.2) |
|
-7.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Peru |
-8.5 |
(3.4) |
|
-4.0 |
(3.6) |
|
-0.2 |
(4.1) |
|
3.6 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Qatar |
-5.9 |
(0.1) |
|
-2.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
-1.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Romania |
3.4 |
(2.7) |
|
1.2 |
(1.9) |
|
-9.6 |
(4.9) |
|
-12.0 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Russia |
1.7 |
(4.4) |
|
-5.8 |
(4.4) |
|
-6.5 |
(5.1) |
|
-7.5 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Serbia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Singapore |
-5.4 |
(0.2) |
|
-6.2 |
(0.2) |
|
-5.5 |
(0.7) |
|
-3.5 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
-19.8 |
(4.1) |
|
-2.8 |
(3.8) |
|
-19.7 |
(4.2) |
|
-3.8 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Thailand |
-15.3 |
(5.6) |
|
-12.0 |
(4.1) |
|
-14.3 |
(5.2) |
|
-5.7 |
(4.6) |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
-10.6 |
(2.8) |
|
-3.0 |
(2.7) |
|
-6.4 |
(2.4) |
|
-4.7 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Uruguay |
-16.3 |
(4.6) |
|
-3.2 |
(4.0) |
|
-1.9 |
(4.5) |
|
1.7 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
-4.8 |
(5.8) |
|
-6.0 |
(4.5) |
|
-3.9 |
(6.1) |
|
-5.6 |
(5.4) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.11 [1/8]. Language-of-instruction class size, school characteristics and reading performance
In modal grade for 15-year-olds; results based on principals’ reports
|
All students |
By school socio-economic profile1 |
||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average |
Variability in this index |
Bottom quarter |
Second quarter |
Third quarter |
Top quarter |
Top - bottom quarter |
||||||||||||||||
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
S.D. |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
24.7 |
(0.1) |
|
3.4 |
(0.1) |
|
24.1 |
(0.3) |
|
25.0 |
(0.3) |
|
25.2 |
(0.3) |
|
24.7 |
(0.3) |
|
0.6 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Austria |
22.8 |
(0.3) |
|
4.9 |
(0.2) |
|
19.5 |
(0.7) |
|
22.7 |
(0.7) |
|
24.9 |
(0.6) |
|
23.8 |
(0.5) |
|
4.2 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Belgium |
19.8 |
(0.2) |
|
3.8 |
(0.1) |
|
17.7 |
(0.4) |
|
18.6 |
(0.4) |
|
20.7 |
(0.5) |
|
22.0 |
(0.3) |
|
4.3 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Canada |
27.3 |
(0.2) |
|
4.7 |
(0.2) |
|
27.0 |
(0.5) |
|
26.5 |
(0.3) |
|
27.7 |
(0.4) |
|
28.0 |
(0.3) |
|
1.0 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Chile |
34.8 |
(0.5) |
|
7.2 |
(0.3) |
|
33.0 |
(1.1) |
|
34.7 |
(1.2) |
|
36.5 |
(1.2) |
|
34.9 |
(0.8) |
|
1.8 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Colombia |
37.9 |
(0.8) |
|
11.2 |
(0.4) |
|
35.1 |
(2.0) |
|
39.7 |
(2.2) |
|
39.3 |
(1.7) |
|
37.3 |
(1.6) |
|
2.1 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
24.1 |
(0.3) |
|
4.8 |
(0.2) |
|
21.2 |
(0.6) |
|
23.8 |
(0.6) |
|
25.0 |
(0.6) |
|
26.3 |
(0.6) |
|
5.1 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Denmark |
21.4 |
(0.2) |
|
3.2 |
(0.2) |
|
20.5 |
(0.4) |
|
20.7 |
(0.5) |
|
21.8 |
(0.5) |
|
22.5 |
(0.4) |
|
2.0 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Estonia |
22.6 |
(0.2) |
|
7.0 |
(0.2) |
|
19.0 |
(0.5) |
|
22.3 |
(0.5) |
|
24.6 |
(0.4) |
|
24.5 |
(0.5) |
|
5.4 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Finland |
19.6 |
(0.2) |
|
3.2 |
(0.1) |
|
18.0 |
(0.4) |
|
18.8 |
(0.5) |
|
20.9 |
(0.4) |
|
20.7 |
(0.5) |
|
2.7 |
(0.7) |
|
|
France |
29.8 |
(0.3) |
|
4.9 |
(0.3) |
|
26.0 |
(0.6) |
|
29.0 |
(0.8) |
|
30.7 |
(0.9) |
|
33.2 |
(0.5) |
|
7.2 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Germany |
25.0 |
(0.3) |
|
4.5 |
(0.4) |
|
22.0 |
(0.8) |
|
25.6 |
(0.8) |
|
25.9 |
(0.5) |
|
26.8 |
(0.3) |
|
4.8 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Greece |
23.0 |
(0.2) |
|
4.0 |
(0.4) |
|
21.7 |
(0.6) |
|
22.6 |
(0.6) |
|
24.2 |
(0.4) |
|
23.7 |
(0.5) |
|
2.0 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Hungary |
27.8 |
(0.7) |
|
10.3 |
(0.7) |
|
21.6 |
(1.0) |
|
28.6 |
(2.0) |
|
30.6 |
(1.7) |
|
30.4 |
(1.3) |
|
8.8 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Iceland |
18.9 |
(0.0) |
|
3.7 |
(0.0) |
|
16.7 |
(0.1) |
|
18.9 |
(0.1) |
|
19.0 |
(0.0) |
|
20.9 |
(0.0) |
|
4.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Ireland |
24.1 |
(0.3) |
|
3.9 |
(0.2) |
|
21.9 |
(0.7) |
|
24.9 |
(0.7) |
|
24.8 |
(0.5) |
|
24.9 |
(0.6) |
|
3.1 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Israel |
29.9 |
(0.3) |
|
6.1 |
(0.3) |
|
25.7 |
(0.9) |
|
29.9 |
(1.0) |
|
31.9 |
(0.8) |
|
32.2 |
(0.9) |
|
6.4 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Italy |
22.9 |
(0.3) |
|
5.1 |
(0.8) |
|
21.5 |
(0.7) |
|
22.8 |
(0.8) |
|
23.3 |
(0.5) |
|
23.9 |
(0.7) |
|
2.4 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Japan |
35.1 |
(0.5) |
|
6.8 |
(0.4) |
|
31.4 |
(1.3) |
|
35.3 |
(0.8) |
|
36.7 |
(1.1) |
|
37.0 |
(0.8) |
|
5.6 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Korea |
26.4 |
(0.3) |
|
5.1 |
(0.2) |
|
24.4 |
(0.7) |
|
25.6 |
(0.7) |
|
27.5 |
(0.9) |
|
28.1 |
(0.7) |
|
3.7 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Latvia |
22.5 |
(0.3) |
|
8.3 |
(0.2) |
|
17.6 |
(0.5) |
|
22.2 |
(0.6) |
|
23.4 |
(0.7) |
|
27.1 |
(0.4) |
|
9.5 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Lithuania |
23.7 |
(0.2) |
|
5.8 |
(0.3) |
|
19.9 |
(0.5) |
|
22.6 |
(0.5) |
|
25.8 |
(0.5) |
|
26.6 |
(0.2) |
|
6.7 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
22.3 |
(0.0) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
21.8 |
(0.0) |
|
22.5 |
(0.0) |
|
22.4 |
(0.0) |
|
22.7 |
(0.0) |
|
0.8 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Mexico |
41.3 |
(0.5) |
|
11.1 |
(0.3) |
|
34.6 |
(1.4) |
|
44.7 |
(1.2) |
|
44.6 |
(1.2) |
|
41.2 |
(1.2) |
|
6.7 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Netherlands |
24.9 |
(0.2) |
|
3.9 |
(0.2) |
|
21.2 |
(0.6) |
|
24.8 |
(0.5) |
|
27.1 |
(0.4) |
|
26.9 |
(0.4) |
|
5.7 |
(0.7) |
|
|
New Zealand |
25.1 |
(0.3) |
|
5.1 |
(0.7) |
|
23.3 |
(0.5) |
|
25.7 |
(0.8) |
|
26.4 |
(0.9) |
|
24.8 |
(0.5) |
|
1.5 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Norway |
23.8 |
(0.2) |
|
4.5 |
(0.1) |
|
21.6 |
(0.6) |
|
23.6 |
(0.6) |
|
24.5 |
(0.7) |
|
25.5 |
(0.5) |
|
3.9 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Poland |
24.4 |
(0.5) |
|
7.4 |
(0.7) |
|
22.5 |
(0.9) |
|
23.6 |
(1.2) |
|
25.8 |
(1.1) |
|
25.5 |
(0.9) |
|
3.0 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Portugal |
25.6 |
(0.2) |
|
3.6 |
(0.1) |
|
23.6 |
(0.5) |
|
25.5 |
(0.4) |
|
26.4 |
(0.3) |
|
27.0 |
(0.3) |
|
3.3 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
21.9 |
(0.3) |
|
5.2 |
(0.2) |
|
18.9 |
(0.6) |
|
21.7 |
(0.6) |
|
22.4 |
(0.6) |
|
24.7 |
(0.6) |
|
5.9 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Slovenia |
25.7 |
(0.1) |
|
4.2 |
(0.1) |
|
23.2 |
(0.3) |
|
26.0 |
(0.1) |
|
25.7 |
(0.2) |
|
27.7 |
(0.1) |
|
4.5 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Spain |
29.4 |
(0.4) |
|
9.7 |
(0.4) |
|
28.9 |
(0.7) |
|
28.8 |
(0.8) |
|
29.6 |
(1.0) |
|
30.6 |
(1.1) |
|
1.7 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Sweden |
24.4 |
(0.3) |
|
4.0 |
(0.2) |
|
23.1 |
(0.6) |
|
23.6 |
(0.6) |
|
24.9 |
(0.5) |
|
26.0 |
(0.5) |
|
2.8 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Switzerland |
19.5 |
(0.3) |
|
3.9 |
(0.6) |
|
18.5 |
(0.5) |
|
18.7 |
(0.4) |
|
19.6 |
(1.0) |
|
21.2 |
(0.9) |
|
2.7 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Turkey |
42.2 |
(1.0) |
|
11.8 |
(0.4) |
|
41.9 |
(2.1) |
|
42.5 |
(1.9) |
|
42.6 |
(1.9) |
|
42.0 |
(2.2) |
|
0.1 |
(3.0) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
24.9 |
(0.3) |
|
4.3 |
(0.5) |
|
24.8 |
(0.5) |
|
25.9 |
(0.5) |
|
26.3 |
(0.7) |
|
23.1 |
(0.6) |
|
-1.8 |
(0.7) |
|
|
United States |
26.2 |
(0.4) |
|
5.4 |
(0.3) |
|
26.9 |
(1.0) |
|
25.4 |
(1.1) |
|
26.0 |
(1.0) |
|
26.4 |
(0.9) |
|
-0.6 |
(1.3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
26.1 |
(0.1) |
|
5.6 |
(0.1) |
|
23.8 |
(0.1) |
|
26.0 |
(0.1) |
|
27.2 |
(0.1) |
|
27.4 |
(0.1) |
|
3.6 |
(0.2) |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but analysis less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.11 [2/8]. Language-of-instruction class size, school characteristics and reading performance
In modal grade for 15-year-olds; results based on principals’ reports
|
All students |
By school socio-economic profile1 |
||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average |
Variability in this index |
Bottom quarter |
Second quarter |
Third quarter |
Top quarter |
Top - bottom quarter |
||||||||||||||||
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
S.D. |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
26.2 |
(0.3) |
|
7.3 |
(0.3) |
|
22.7 |
(0.8) |
|
25.9 |
(0.8) |
|
29.2 |
(0.7) |
|
26.9 |
(0.6) |
|
4.2 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Argentina |
36.4 |
(1.0) |
|
14.0 |
(0.3) |
|
34.1 |
(1.7) |
|
33.4 |
(1.9) |
|
39.3 |
(2.3) |
|
38.8 |
(1.8) |
|
4.8 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
26.5 |
(0.8) |
† |
8.6 |
(0.9) |
† |
27.0 |
(1.2) |
|
28.0 |
(2.0) |
|
24.1 |
(1.4) |
|
26.8 |
(1.4) |
|
-0.2 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Belarus |
23.3 |
(0.4) |
|
6.1 |
(0.7) |
|
19.3 |
(0.4) |
|
25.1 |
(1.4) |
|
24.0 |
(0.6) |
|
24.7 |
(0.9) |
|
5.3 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
23.1 |
(0.4) |
|
5.3 |
(0.8) |
|
21.9 |
(0.5) |
|
23.4 |
(1.1) |
|
23.5 |
(1.3) |
|
23.7 |
(1.1) |
|
1.9 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Brazil |
35.3 |
(0.3) |
|
7.9 |
(0.3) |
|
34.4 |
(0.8) |
|
36.0 |
(0.7) |
|
35.6 |
(0.6) |
|
34.9 |
(0.8) |
|
0.5 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
24.2 |
(0.0) |
|
4.9 |
(0.0) |
|
23.7 |
(0.0) |
|
24.7 |
(0.0) |
|
23.5 |
(0.0) |
|
24.9 |
(0.0) |
|
1.2 |
(0.0) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
41.7 |
(0.3) |
|
7.0 |
(0.3) |
|
43.5 |
(0.9) |
|
41.7 |
(0.9) |
|
41.8 |
(1.1) |
|
39.7 |
(1.0) |
|
-3.9 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
26.1 |
(0.7) |
|
8.2 |
(0.8) |
|
22.9 |
(0.9) |
|
26.1 |
(1.3) |
|
26.1 |
(1.0) |
|
29.4 |
(1.8) |
|
6.5 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
27.1 |
(0.4) |
|
5.9 |
(0.3) |
|
25.5 |
(0.8) |
|
27.6 |
(0.8) |
|
28.7 |
(0.7) |
|
26.5 |
(0.9) |
|
1.0 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Croatia |
22.0 |
(0.2) |
|
3.4 |
(0.2) |
|
20.0 |
(0.4) |
|
21.2 |
(0.5) |
|
22.4 |
(0.4) |
|
24.6 |
(0.3) |
|
4.6 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Cyprus |
20.2 |
(0.1) |
|
4.1 |
(0.4) |
|
19.9 |
(0.1) |
|
19.8 |
(0.4) |
|
20.1 |
(0.1) |
|
21.0 |
(0.0) |
|
1.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
35.9 |
(0.7) |
|
10.1 |
(0.4) |
|
31.7 |
(1.7) |
|
38.2 |
(1.7) |
|
37.8 |
(1.5) |
|
35.3 |
(1.6) |
|
3.7 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Georgia |
23.9 |
(0.5) |
|
10.0 |
(0.6) |
|
20.0 |
(1.0) |
|
24.5 |
(1.4) |
|
27.7 |
(1.4) |
|
23.3 |
(0.9) |
|
3.3 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
27.6 |
(0.5) |
|
5.3 |
(0.3) |
|
26.3 |
(1.2) |
|
27.0 |
(0.7) |
|
28.7 |
(1.1) |
|
28.8 |
(1.4) |
|
2.5 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Indonesia |
30.0 |
(1.1) |
|
12.1 |
(0.7) |
|
27.3 |
(1.6) |
|
29.5 |
(2.1) |
|
32.9 |
(2.8) |
|
30.3 |
(3.3) |
|
3.0 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Jordan |
33.6 |
(0.6) |
|
11.1 |
(0.4) |
|
29.0 |
(1.6) |
|
37.2 |
(1.2) |
|
36.9 |
(1.5) |
|
31.2 |
(1.8) |
|
2.2 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
30.0 |
(0.7) |
|
13.8 |
(0.4) |
|
27.4 |
(1.5) |
|
30.6 |
(2.0) |
|
30.4 |
(1.6) |
|
31.8 |
(1.6) |
|
4.4 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Kosovo |
28.4 |
(0.2) |
|
6.9 |
(0.2) |
|
24.1 |
(0.4) |
|
26.9 |
(0.6) |
|
31.1 |
(0.6) |
|
31.8 |
(0.5) |
|
7.7 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Lebanon |
27.6 |
(0.6) |
|
9.1 |
(0.5) |
|
28.5 |
(1.7) |
|
26.2 |
(1.2) |
|
28.4 |
(1.1) |
|
27.4 |
(1.1) |
|
-1.1 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
29.2 |
(0.0) |
|
6.1 |
(0.0) |
|
29.9 |
(0.0) |
|
31.6 |
(0.0) |
|
26.2 |
(0.0) |
|
29.1 |
(0.0) |
|
-0.8 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Malaysia |
32.4 |
(0.7) |
|
8.6 |
(0.5) |
|
31.1 |
(1.3) |
|
31.8 |
(1.3) |
|
33.8 |
(1.9) |
|
32.8 |
(2.0) |
|
1.8 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Malta |
19.6 |
(0.0) |
|
3.3 |
(0.0) |
|
18.4 |
(0.0) |
|
19.5 |
(0.0) |
|
19.6 |
(0.0) |
|
20.9 |
(0.0) |
|
2.5 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Moldova |
27.3 |
(0.7) |
|
11.4 |
(0.6) |
|
22.7 |
(1.3) |
|
24.8 |
(1.5) |
|
28.5 |
(1.9) |
|
33.4 |
(1.8) |
|
10.7 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Montenegro |
27.4 |
(0.0) |
|
4.4 |
(0.0) |
|
23.1 |
(0.2) |
|
27.9 |
(0.0) |
|
28.8 |
(0.1) |
|
29.6 |
(0.1) |
|
6.4 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Morocco |
34.1 |
(0.5) |
|
6.9 |
(0.4) |
|
34.1 |
(1.2) |
|
35.2 |
(1.1) |
|
33.8 |
(1.0) |
|
33.4 |
(1.2) |
|
-0.7 |
(1.7) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
25.0 |
(0.0) |
|
7.7 |
(0.0) |
|
23.0 |
(0.1) |
|
23.7 |
(0.0) |
|
25.2 |
(0.0) |
|
28.4 |
(0.0) |
|
5.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Panama |
38.1 |
(0.8) |
|
13.2 |
(0.3) |
|
34.6 |
(2.3) |
|
39.9 |
(1.6) |
|
39.6 |
(1.2) |
|
37.8 |
(1.7) |
|
3.2 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Peru |
26.0 |
(0.4) |
|
7.6 |
(0.2) |
|
21.6 |
(0.6) |
|
26.8 |
(0.8) |
|
27.2 |
(0.7) |
|
28.3 |
(1.0) |
|
6.7 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Philippines |
43.9 |
(0.5) |
|
8.0 |
(0.4) |
|
44.7 |
(1.5) |
|
44.8 |
(1.1) |
|
45.4 |
(1.1) |
|
40.8 |
(1.2) |
|
-3.9 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Qatar |
31.7 |
(0.0) |
|
11.0 |
(0.0) |
|
33.8 |
(0.0) |
|
32.5 |
(0.1) |
|
35.3 |
(0.1) |
|
25.3 |
(0.0) |
|
-8.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Romania |
27.1 |
(0.4) |
|
5.2 |
(0.8) |
|
25.3 |
(0.7) |
|
26.7 |
(1.0) |
|
27.6 |
(0.9) |
|
28.8 |
(0.5) |
|
3.5 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Russia |
23.7 |
(0.2) |
|
5.1 |
(0.2) |
|
19.4 |
(0.5) |
|
24.4 |
(0.6) |
|
23.9 |
(0.6) |
|
26.8 |
(0.5) |
|
7.4 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
38.2 |
(0.9) |
|
13.2 |
(0.3) |
|
35.4 |
(2.3) |
|
37.7 |
(2.6) |
|
40.6 |
(1.9) |
|
38.2 |
(1.6) |
|
2.8 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Serbia |
28.7 |
(0.6) |
|
7.1 |
(0.8) |
|
27.7 |
(1.2) |
|
30.6 |
(1.4) |
|
27.9 |
(1.0) |
|
28.7 |
(0.9) |
|
1.0 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Singapore |
33.4 |
(0.2) |
|
5.7 |
(0.3) |
|
33.4 |
(0.1) |
|
36.1 |
(0.2) |
|
34.9 |
(0.1) |
|
29.3 |
(0.8) |
|
-4.0 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
35.5 |
(0.3) |
|
7.1 |
(0.2) |
|
34.3 |
(1.5) |
|
35.5 |
(1.3) |
|
35.0 |
(1.1) |
|
37.3 |
(0.8) |
|
3.0 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Thailand |
36.3 |
(0.5) |
|
8.1 |
(0.3) |
|
30.7 |
(1.2) |
|
35.6 |
(0.9) |
|
38.5 |
(1.1) |
|
40.4 |
(1.1) |
|
9.7 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
31.0 |
(0.2) |
|
10.6 |
(0.2) |
|
34.5 |
(0.3) |
|
34.3 |
(0.6) |
|
29.6 |
(0.7) |
|
25.7 |
(0.4) |
|
-8.8 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Uruguay |
27.4 |
(0.4) |
|
6.5 |
(0.5) |
|
26.4 |
(1.0) |
|
27.2 |
(1.0) |
|
28.7 |
(1.1) |
|
27.3 |
(1.0) |
|
0.9 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
41.9 |
(0.7) |
|
9.2 |
(0.5) |
|
41.6 |
(2.0) |
|
41.7 |
(1.3) |
|
42.7 |
(1.2) |
|
41.6 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
(2.2) |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but analysis less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.11 [3/8]. Language-of-instruction class size, school characteristics and reading performance
In modal grade for 15-year-olds; results based on principals’ reports
|
By school location |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rural area or village (fewer than 3 000 people) |
Town (3 000 to 100 000 people) |
City (over 100 000 people) |
City - rural area |
||||||||||
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
21.0 |
(0.7) |
|
24.5 |
(0.2) |
|
25.1 |
(0.2) |
|
4.0 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Austria |
21.9 |
(1.4) |
|
22.6 |
(0.3) |
|
23.1 |
(0.5) |
|
1.2 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Belgium |
c |
c |
|
19.7 |
(0.2) |
|
20.3 |
(0.4) |
|
c |
c |
|
|
Canada |
22.8 |
(0.7) |
|
26.8 |
(0.3) |
|
28.0 |
(0.3) |
|
5.3 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Chile |
27.5 |
(2.0) |
|
34.4 |
(1.0) |
|
35.6 |
(0.5) |
|
8.1 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Colombia |
30.0 |
(2.6) |
|
38.4 |
(1.4) |
|
39.3 |
(1.1) |
|
9.3 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
19.6 |
(1.1) |
|
24.2 |
(0.3) |
|
25.3 |
(0.5) |
|
5.7 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Denmark |
19.3 |
(0.5) |
|
22.0 |
(0.2) |
|
21.5 |
(0.5) |
|
2.2 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Estonia |
17.0 |
(0.3) |
|
22.8 |
(0.3) |
|
26.6 |
(0.3) |
|
9.5 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Finland |
17.2 |
(0.8) |
|
19.3 |
(0.2) |
|
20.6 |
(0.4) |
|
3.3 |
(0.9) |
|
|
France |
22.6 |
(0.7) |
|
29.9 |
(0.4) |
|
30.2 |
(0.6) |
|
7.7 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Germany |
c |
c |
|
24.4 |
(0.3) |
|
25.9 |
(0.5) |
|
c |
c |
|
|
Greece |
20.6 |
(1.4) |
|
22.8 |
(0.3) |
|
23.9 |
(0.3) |
|
3.4 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Hungary |
17.8 |
(1.0) |
|
27.4 |
(1.0) |
|
29.2 |
(1.2) |
|
11.4 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Iceland |
15.1 |
(0.1) |
|
19.2 |
(0.0) |
|
20.4 |
(0.0) |
|
5.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Ireland |
23.5 |
(0.7) |
|
24.4 |
(0.3) |
|
23.9 |
(0.7) |
|
0.4 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Israel |
29.2 |
(1.0) |
|
29.2 |
(0.5) |
|
31.2 |
(0.7) |
|
2.0 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Italy |
20.8 |
(1.4) |
|
22.8 |
(0.4) |
|
23.3 |
(0.6) |
|
2.5 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Japan |
m |
m |
|
33.1 |
(1.0) |
|
35.9 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Korea |
c |
c |
|
26.8 |
(1.0) |
|
26.4 |
(0.3) |
|
c |
c |
|
|
Latvia |
15.1 |
(0.3) |
|
23.1 |
(0.4) |
|
26.5 |
(0.5) |
|
11.4 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Lithuania |
18.5 |
(0.5) |
|
24.3 |
(0.3) |
|
25.9 |
(0.3) |
|
7.4 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
m |
m |
|
22.2 |
(0.0) |
|
22.5 |
(0.0) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Mexico |
33.0 |
(1.7) |
|
43.0 |
(1.1) |
|
43.0 |
(0.8) |
|
10.1 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Netherlands |
c |
c |
|
25.0 |
(0.3) |
|
25.4 |
(0.5) |
|
c |
c |
|
|
New Zealand |
19.8 |
(0.7) |
|
24.0 |
(0.3) |
|
26.2 |
(0.5) |
|
6.4 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Norway |
19.6 |
(0.6) |
|
24.3 |
(0.3) |
|
25.7 |
(0.5) |
|
6.1 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Poland |
22.8 |
(1.0) |
|
24.6 |
(0.6) |
|
26.0 |
(1.3) |
|
3.1 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Portugal |
20.7 |
(1.3) |
|
25.3 |
(0.2) |
|
26.8 |
(0.3) |
|
6.2 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
17.6 |
(0.7) |
|
22.5 |
(0.4) |
|
23.7 |
(0.8) |
|
6.1 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Slovenia |
23.2 |
(0.4) |
|
25.1 |
(0.1) |
|
27.9 |
(0.1) |
|
4.7 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Spain |
23.7 |
(1.2) |
|
29.1 |
(0.5) |
|
30.5 |
(0.8) |
|
6.8 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Sweden |
22.3 |
(0.7) |
|
24.4 |
(0.3) |
|
25.1 |
(0.4) |
|
2.8 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Switzerland |
16.4 |
(0.8) |
|
19.6 |
(0.3) |
|
20.6 |
(0.5) |
|
4.2 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Turkey |
c |
c |
|
42.5 |
(1.5) |
|
42.3 |
(1.1) |
|
c |
c |
|
|
United Kingdom |
24.4 |
(1.3) |
|
25.4 |
(0.4) |
|
24.2 |
(0.5) |
|
-0.2 |
(1.4) |
|
|
United States |
21.5 |
(1.7) |
|
25.6 |
(0.6) |
|
27.8 |
(0.6) |
|
6.3 |
(1.8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
21.5 |
(0.2) |
|
26.1 |
(0.1) |
|
27.2 |
(0.1) |
|
5.4 |
(0.2) |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but analysis less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.11 [4/8]. Language-of-instruction class size, school characteristics and reading performance
In modal grade for 15-year-olds; results based on principals’ reports
|
By school location |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rural area or village (fewer than 3 000 people) |
Town (3 000 to 100 000 people) |
City (over 100 000 people) |
City - rural area |
||||||||||
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
20.6 |
(0.8) |
|
27.9 |
(0.5) |
|
28.3 |
(0.4) |
|
7.7 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Argentina |
27.7 |
(2.8) |
|
36.0 |
(1.2) |
|
38.1 |
(1.5) |
|
10.4 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
27.9 |
(1.0) |
|
24.5 |
(1.0) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Belarus |
16.9 |
(0.7) |
|
24.1 |
(0.9) |
|
24.9 |
(0.5) |
|
8.0 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
21.1 |
(0.9) |
|
22.6 |
(0.4) |
|
25.4 |
(0.9) |
|
4.3 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Brazil |
33.9 |
(2.0) |
† |
34.7 |
(0.5) |
|
35.9 |
(0.5) |
|
1.9 |
(2.0) |
† |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
21.8 |
(0.0) |
|
24.6 |
(0.0) |
|
24.3 |
(0.0) |
|
2.5 |
(0.0) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
42.9 |
(2.2) |
|
43.1 |
(0.6) |
|
40.3 |
(0.5) |
|
-2.6 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
24.3 |
(2.4) |
|
25.7 |
(0.9) |
|
27.0 |
(1.0) |
|
2.7 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
24.4 |
(1.0) |
|
28.3 |
(0.4) |
|
26.2 |
(1.0) |
|
1.8 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Croatia |
c |
c |
|
21.0 |
(0.3) |
|
23.5 |
(0.3) |
|
c |
c |
|
|
Cyprus |
16.7 |
(0.2) |
|
20.4 |
(0.2) |
|
20.6 |
(0.1) |
|
3.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
31.7 |
(1.8) |
|
37.4 |
(1.1) |
|
35.1 |
(1.3) |
|
3.4 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Georgia |
18.0 |
(0.6) |
|
27.2 |
(1.4) |
|
26.1 |
(0.7) |
|
8.2 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
c |
c |
|
27.8 |
(1.0) |
|
27.6 |
(0.5) |
|
c |
c |
|
|
Indonesia |
27.2 |
(1.7) |
|
30.7 |
(1.8) |
|
32.1 |
(2.1) |
|
4.9 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Jordan |
22.7 |
(2.5) |
|
34.3 |
(1.0) |
|
35.3 |
(1.0) |
|
12.6 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
29.3 |
(1.4) |
|
30.1 |
(1.8) |
|
30.5 |
(1.0) |
|
1.2 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Kosovo |
21.4 |
(0.7) |
|
29.2 |
(0.3) |
|
30.4 |
(0.4) |
|
8.9 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Lebanon |
27.3 |
(2.5) |
† |
27.6 |
(0.7) |
|
27.9 |
(1.1) |
|
0.6 |
(2.7) |
† |
|
Macao (China) |
c |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
29.2 |
(0.0) |
|
c |
c |
|
|
Malaysia |
33.1 |
(1.5) |
|
31.3 |
(1.0) |
|
33.2 |
(0.9) |
|
0.1 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Malta |
21.1 |
(0.0) |
|
19.4 |
(0.0) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Moldova |
24.0 |
(1.0) |
|
29.6 |
(1.3) |
|
31.5 |
(1.7) |
|
7.5 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Montenegro |
c |
c |
|
26.0 |
(0.0) |
|
30.3 |
(0.0) |
|
c |
c |
|
|
Morocco |
33.3 |
(1.2) |
|
34.0 |
(0.8) |
|
34.8 |
(0.9) |
|
1.5 |
(1.6) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
c |
c |
|
23.8 |
(0.0) |
|
26.6 |
(0.0) |
|
c |
c |
|
|
Panama |
34.3 |
(2.8) |
|
39.2 |
(0.9) |
|
38.1 |
(1.2) |
|
3.7 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Peru |
21.2 |
(0.7) |
|
27.4 |
(0.5) |
|
29.5 |
(1.1) |
|
8.2 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Philippines |
37.1 |
(3.1) |
|
44.1 |
(0.8) |
|
44.8 |
(0.6) |
|
7.7 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Qatar |
30.2 |
(0.1) |
|
34.7 |
(0.0) |
|
29.9 |
(0.0) |
|
-0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Romania |
21.3 |
(1.8) |
|
27.3 |
(0.4) |
|
27.8 |
(0.6) |
|
6.5 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Russia |
15.3 |
(0.5) |
|
24.1 |
(0.4) |
|
25.8 |
(0.3) |
|
10.5 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
25.3 |
(2.9) |
|
37.9 |
(1.9) |
|
39.6 |
(1.1) |
|
14.3 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Serbia |
m |
m |
|
28.1 |
(0.8) |
|
29.4 |
(0.8) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Singapore |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
33.3 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
27.2 |
(3.9) |
|
33.9 |
(0.6) |
|
36.6 |
(0.5) |
|
9.4 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Thailand |
27.5 |
(1.5) |
|
36.6 |
(0.7) |
|
39.4 |
(0.9) |
|
11.8 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
32.4 |
(0.3) |
|
33.0 |
(0.2) |
|
29.9 |
(0.3) |
|
-2.6 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Uruguay |
20.4 |
(1.3) |
|
27.2 |
(0.7) |
|
28.6 |
(0.5) |
|
8.2 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
39.9 |
(1.2) |
|
43.6 |
(1.1) |
|
42.1 |
(1.3) |
|
2.2 |
(1.8) |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but analysis less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.11 [5/8]. Language-of-instruction class size, school characteristics and reading performance
In modal grade for 15-year-olds; results based on principals’ reports
|
By type of school |
By programme orientation |
||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public |
Private |
Private - public |
General |
Modular |
Pre-vocational or vocational |
Pre-vocational or vocational - general |
||||||||||||||||
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Dif. |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
25.0 |
(0.2) |
|
24.4 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.6 |
(0.3) |
|
24.8 |
(0.1) |
|
m |
m |
|
24.2 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.6 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Austria |
22.7 |
(0.3) |
|
22.7 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
(0.9) |
|
22.8 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
22.7 |
(0.3) |
|
-0.1 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Belgium |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
21.4 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
17.6 |
(0.2) |
|
-3.9 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Canada |
27.3 |
(0.2) |
|
27.0 |
(0.6) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.6) |
|
27.3 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Chile |
33.3 |
(0.8) |
|
35.6 |
(0.6) |
|
2.3 |
(1.0) |
|
34.8 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
35.3 |
(1.2) |
|
0.5 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Colombia |
38.6 |
(0.8) |
|
34.7 |
(1.8) |
|
-3.9 |
(2.0) |
|
37.9 |
(0.8) |
|
m |
m |
|
37.7 |
(1.6) |
|
-0.2 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
24.1 |
(0.3) |
|
24.2 |
(1.4) |
|
0.1 |
(1.4) |
|
23.6 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
25.0 |
(0.5) |
|
1.5 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Denmark |
21.6 |
(0.3) |
|
21.0 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.6 |
(0.5) |
|
21.4 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Estonia |
22.6 |
(0.2) |
|
22.3 |
(1.1) |
|
-0.3 |
(1.1) |
|
22.6 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
|
Finland |
19.5 |
(0.2) |
|
22.8 |
(1.8) |
|
3.4 |
(1.8) |
|
19.6 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
France |
30.2 |
(0.3) |
|
28.5 |
(0.8) |
|
-1.6 |
(0.8) |
|
31.0 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
24.9 |
(0.7) |
|
-6.1 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Germany |
24.8 |
(0.3) |
|
25.2 |
(1.7) |
|
0.4 |
(1.7) |
|
25.2 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
19.4 |
(0.9) |
|
-5.8 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Greece |
23.0 |
(0.2) |
|
23.0 |
(1.1) |
|
-0.1 |
(1.2) |
|
23.3 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
21.1 |
(0.6) |
|
-2.2 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Hungary |
27.9 |
(0.9) |
|
27.5 |
(1.0) |
|
-0.4 |
(1.4) |
|
29.0 |
(0.8) |
|
m |
m |
|
21.7 |
(1.1) |
|
-7.3 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Iceland |
18.9 |
(0.0) |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
18.9 |
(0.0) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Ireland |
23.7 |
(0.4) |
|
24.5 |
(0.4) |
|
0.9 |
(0.5) |
|
24.1 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
21.5 |
(1.1) |
|
-2.6 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Israel |
29.9 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
29.9 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Italy |
22.8 |
(0.3) |
|
26.0 |
(4.4) |
|
3.2 |
(4.4) |
|
23.5 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
22.3 |
(0.4) |
|
-1.2 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Japan |
34.9 |
(0.6) |
|
35.5 |
(0.8) |
|
0.5 |
(1.0) |
|
35.9 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
32.7 |
(1.1) |
|
-3.1 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Korea |
26.8 |
(0.4) |
|
25.8 |
(0.6) |
|
-0.9 |
(0.8) |
|
27.0 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
23.2 |
(0.9) |
|
-3.8 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Latvia |
22.7 |
(0.3) |
|
13.7 |
(0.7) |
|
-9.0 |
(0.7) |
|
22.6 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
17.8 |
(2.3) |
|
-4.8 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Lithuania |
23.7 |
(0.2) |
|
24.5 |
(0.5) |
|
0.8 |
(0.5) |
|
23.7 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
23.1 |
(2.6) |
|
-0.7 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
22.4 |
(0.0) |
|
22.1 |
(0.0) |
† |
-0.3 |
(0.0) |
† |
22.5 |
(0.0) |
|
22.0 |
(0.1) |
|
21.6 |
(0.0) |
|
-0.9 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Mexico |
42.0 |
(0.5) |
|
36.2 |
(2.1) |
|
-5.9 |
(2.1) |
|
39.9 |
(0.6) |
|
m |
m |
|
44.7 |
(0.8) |
|
4.8 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Netherlands |
25.2 |
(0.4) |
|
25.0 |
(0.3) |
|
-0.3 |
(0.6) |
|
26.3 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
21.1 |
(0.5) |
|
-5.2 |
(0.5) |
|
|
New Zealand |
25.3 |
(0.3) |
|
20.7 |
(0.7) |
|
-4.6 |
(0.8) |
|
25.1 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Norway |
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
23.8 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Poland |
24.5 |
(0.5) |
|
20.9 |
(2.8) |
|
-3.6 |
(2.8) |
|
24.3 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
|
Portugal |
25.9 |
(0.1) |
|
23.9 |
(0.6) |
|
-1.9 |
(0.6) |
|
25.9 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
24.1 |
(0.5) |
|
-1.8 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
21.8 |
(0.3) |
|
23.1 |
(0.7) |
|
1.3 |
(0.8) |
|
21.3 |
(0.3) |
|
23.7 |
(0.6) |
|
21.1 |
(0.7) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Slovenia |
25.6 |
(0.1) |
|
30.9 |
(0.1) |
|
5.3 |
(0.1) |
|
25.9 |
(0.1) |
|
m |
m |
|
25.5 |
(0.0) |
|
-0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Spain |
28.7 |
(0.5) |
|
31.1 |
(0.9) |
|
2.4 |
(1.0) |
|
29.5 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
27.6 |
(1.3) |
|
-1.9 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Sweden |
24.6 |
(0.3) |
|
23.7 |
(0.6) |
|
-0.9 |
(0.7) |
|
24.4 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Switzerland |
19.7 |
(0.3) |
|
15.5 |
(0.9) |
|
-4.2 |
(0.9) |
|
19.4 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
20.1 |
(1.5) |
|
0.7 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Turkey |
42.7 |
(1.0) |
|
38.9 |
(3.5) |
|
-3.8 |
(3.6) |
|
42.1 |
(1.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
42.5 |
(1.5) |
|
0.5 |
(1.8) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
25.4 |
(0.3) |
|
24.7 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.7 |
(0.5) |
|
24.9 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
27.2 |
(0.6) |
|
2.3 |
(0.7) |
|
|
United States |
26.6 |
(0.4) |
|
21.3 |
(0.9) |
|
-5.3 |
(1.0) |
|
26.2 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
26.4 |
(0.1) |
|
25.7 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.9 |
(0.3) |
|
26.3 |
(0.1) |
|
22.9 |
(0.3) |
|
25.6 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.6 |
(0.2) |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but analysis less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.11 [6/8]. Language-of-instruction class size, school characteristics and reading performance
In modal grade for 15-year-olds; results based on principals’ reports
|
By type of school |
By programme orientation |
||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public |
Private |
Private - public |
General |
Modular |
Pre-vocational or vocational |
Pre-vocational or vocational - general |
||||||||||||||||
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Dif. |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
27.0 |
(0.3) |
|
19.7 |
(1.0) |
|
-7.2 |
(1.0) |
|
25.0 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
27.1 |
(0.4) |
|
2.1 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Argentina |
35.4 |
(1.3) |
|
38.6 |
(1.5) |
|
3.2 |
(2.0) |
|
36.7 |
(1.1) |
|
m |
m |
|
34.8 |
(2.3) |
|
-1.9 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
26.6 |
(0.8) |
† |
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
26.5 |
(0.8) |
† |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Belarus |
23.3 |
(0.4) |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
23.0 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
25.0 |
(0.4) |
|
2.0 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
23.1 |
(0.4) |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
23.1 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
23.1 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Brazil |
35.5 |
(0.4) |
|
34.0 |
(1.2) |
|
-1.5 |
(1.3) |
|
35.1 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
36.9 |
(0.8) |
|
1.8 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
23.7 |
(0.0) |
|
26.7 |
(0.0) |
|
3.0 |
(0.0) |
|
24.2 |
(0.0) |
|
m |
m |
|
23.8 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
41.5 |
(0.3) |
|
42.9 |
(1.2) |
|
1.4 |
(1.3) |
|
42.2 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
39.3 |
(0.7) |
|
-2.8 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
26.2 |
(0.7) |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
27.7 |
(1.1) |
|
m |
m |
|
24.4 |
(0.7) |
|
-3.3 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
27.8 |
(0.4) |
|
22.8 |
(1.2) |
|
-5.0 |
(1.2) |
|
26.7 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
30.0 |
(0.5) |
|
3.3 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Croatia |
22.1 |
(0.2) |
|
22.4 |
(2.3) |
|
0.3 |
(2.3) |
|
23.6 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
21.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.3 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Cyprus |
20.1 |
(0.1) |
|
20.7 |
(0.0) |
|
0.6 |
(0.1) |
|
20.4 |
(0.1) |
|
m |
m |
|
19.0 |
(0.0) |
|
-1.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
36.7 |
(0.8) |
|
32.2 |
(1.8) |
|
-4.5 |
(1.8) |
|
36.0 |
(0.8) |
|
m |
m |
|
35.0 |
(2.3) |
|
-1.0 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Georgia |
24.5 |
(0.5) |
|
19.0 |
(1.9) |
|
-5.5 |
(2.0) |
|
23.9 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
30.8 |
(0.6) |
|
27.4 |
(0.5) |
|
-3.4 |
(0.9) |
|
27.6 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Indonesia |
32.1 |
(1.1) |
|
27.7 |
(2.0) |
|
-4.4 |
(2.3) |
|
30.3 |
(1.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
29.0 |
(2.8) |
|
-1.4 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Jordan |
34.0 |
(0.7) |
|
32.2 |
(1.5) |
|
-1.8 |
(1.7) |
|
33.6 |
(0.6) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
30.2 |
(0.7) |
|
28.1 |
(2.8) |
|
-2.1 |
(2.9) |
|
30.6 |
(0.8) |
|
m |
m |
|
27.6 |
(1.3) |
|
-3.1 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Kosovo |
28.6 |
(0.2) |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
29.0 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
27.4 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.6 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Lebanon |
27.4 |
(0.8) |
† |
27.8 |
(0.8) |
|
0.4 |
(1.0) |
† |
27.6 |
(0.6) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Macao (China) |
24.3 |
(0.0) |
|
29.5 |
(0.0) |
|
5.1 |
(0.0) |
|
29.2 |
(0.0) |
|
m |
m |
|
23.7 |
(0.4) |
|
-5.6 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Malaysia |
32.1 |
(0.6) |
|
37.5 |
(4.7) |
|
5.5 |
(4.6) |
|
32.7 |
(0.7) |
|
m |
m |
|
29.6 |
(1.2) |
|
-3.1 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Malta |
19.2 |
(0.0) |
|
20.2 |
(0.0) |
|
1.0 |
(0.0) |
|
19.6 |
(0.0) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Moldova |
27.4 |
(0.7) |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
27.1 |
(0.6) |
|
m |
m |
|
34.7 |
(8.2) |
† |
7.6 |
(8.3) |
† |
|
Montenegro |
27.4 |
(0.0) |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
27.3 |
(0.1) |
|
m |
m |
|
27.4 |
(0.0) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Morocco |
34.7 |
(0.5) |
|
27.5 |
(2.9) |
|
-7.2 |
(2.9) |
|
34.1 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
North Macedonia |
25.1 |
(0.0) |
|
24.2 |
(0.3) |
|
-0.8 |
(0.3) |
|
25.9 |
(0.0) |
|
m |
m |
|
24.5 |
(0.0) |
|
-1.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Panama |
38.9 |
(0.8) |
|
34.3 |
(2.3) |
† |
-4.6 |
(2.4) |
† |
37.3 |
(0.9) |
|
m |
m |
|
40.0 |
(0.9) |
|
2.7 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Peru |
26.2 |
(0.4) |
|
25.2 |
(0.9) |
|
-1.0 |
(0.9) |
|
26.0 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Philippines |
45.1 |
(0.6) |
|
38.5 |
(1.4) |
|
-6.6 |
(1.6) |
|
43.9 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Qatar |
34.9 |
(0.0) |
|
27.5 |
(0.0) |
|
-7.4 |
(0.0) |
|
31.7 |
(0.0) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Romania |
27.1 |
(0.4) |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
27.2 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
26.2 |
(0.6) |
|
-1.0 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Russia |
23.7 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
23.7 |
(0.3) |
|
m |
m |
|
23.6 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.1 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
38.3 |
(1.0) |
|
37.4 |
(2.2) |
|
-0.9 |
(2.4) |
|
38.2 |
(0.9) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Serbia |
28.9 |
(0.6) |
|
23.4 |
(2.7) |
|
-5.5 |
(2.8) |
|
29.0 |
(0.9) |
|
m |
m |
|
28.6 |
(0.6) |
|
-0.4 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Singapore |
34.2 |
(0.1) |
|
25.9 |
(1.4) |
|
-8.3 |
(1.4) |
|
33.4 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
32.6 |
(0.3) |
|
41.8 |
(0.7) |
|
9.2 |
(0.8) |
|
33.7 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
38.9 |
(0.6) |
|
5.2 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Thailand |
36.0 |
(0.5) |
|
38.0 |
(1.0) |
|
2.1 |
(1.2) |
|
36.3 |
(0.6) |
|
m |
m |
|
36.5 |
(1.0) |
|
0.2 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
34.6 |
(0.2) |
|
28.8 |
(0.4) |
|
-5.7 |
(0.4) |
|
31.0 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
27.9 |
(0.0) |
† |
-3.1 |
(0.2) |
† |
|
Uruguay |
28.0 |
(0.5) |
|
24.4 |
(0.6) |
|
-3.6 |
(0.8) |
|
27.5 |
(0.4) |
|
m |
m |
|
26.3 |
(1.7) |
|
-1.3 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
41.7 |
(0.7) |
|
45.8 |
(3.0) |
|
4.1 |
(3.0) |
|
41.9 |
(0.7) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but analysis less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.11 [7/8]. Language-of-instruction class size, school characteristics and reading performance
In modal grade for 15-year-olds; results based on principals’ reports
|
By education level |
Before accounting for students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile2 |
After accounting for students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile2 |
|||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower secondary (ISCED 2) |
Upper secondary (ISCED 3) |
ISCED 3 - ISCED 2 |
Change in reading performance per one-unit increase in the size of language-of-instruction class |
Explained variance in student performance (r-squared x 100) |
Change in reading performance per one-unit increase in the size of language-of-instruction class |
Explained variance in student performance (r-squared x 100) |
||||||||||||||||
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Dif. |
S.E. |
x |
Score dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
Score dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
24.7 |
(0.1) |
|
25.3 |
(0.2) |
|
0.6 |
(0.2) |
|
2 |
(0.7) |
|
0.3 |
(0.2) |
|
1 |
(0.5) |
|
13.9 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Austria |
20.1 |
(0.5) |
|
23.0 |
(0.3) |
|
2.8 |
(0.5) |
|
6 |
(0.9) |
|
8.3 |
(2.5) |
|
2 |
(0.7) |
|
30.0 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Belgium |
17.5 |
(0.4) |
|
20.0 |
(0.2) |
|
2.5 |
(0.5) |
|
9 |
(0.8) |
|
10.0 |
(1.7) |
|
3 |
(0.7) |
|
31.8 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Canada |
29.1 |
(0.4) |
|
27.1 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.0 |
(0.4) |
|
2 |
(0.5) |
|
1.0 |
(0.4) |
|
2 |
(0.3) |
|
9.1 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Chile |
29.1 |
(1.3) |
|
35.1 |
(0.5) |
|
6.0 |
(1.3) |
|
1 |
(0.5) |
|
0.8 |
(0.7) |
|
1 |
(0.4) |
|
20.6 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Colombia |
37.1 |
(0.9) |
|
38.3 |
(0.8) |
|
1.2 |
(0.6) |
|
0 |
(0.4) |
|
0.2 |
(0.5) |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
25.6 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
22.6 |
(0.4) |
|
25.8 |
(0.3) |
|
3.2 |
(0.5) |
|
7 |
(0.8) |
|
11.6 |
(2.5) |
|
3 |
(0.6) |
|
35.1 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Denmark |
21.4 |
(0.2) |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
2 |
(0.7) |
|
0.6 |
(0.4) |
|
1 |
(0.6) |
|
11.8 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Estonia |
22.6 |
(0.2) |
|
25.0 |
(1.4) |
|
2.5 |
(1.4) |
|
1 |
(0.3) |
|
0.4 |
(0.3) |
|
-1 |
(0.2) |
|
9.5 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Finland |
19.6 |
(0.2) |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
4 |
(0.7) |
|
1.5 |
(0.6) |
|
2 |
(0.6) |
|
10.1 |
(1.1) |
|
|
France |
25.3 |
(0.4) |
|
30.7 |
(0.3) |
|
5.3 |
(0.5) |
|
7 |
(0.6) |
|
14.6 |
(2.1) |
|
4 |
(0.5) |
|
28.3 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Germany |
25.1 |
(0.3) |
|
21.6 |
(0.9) |
|
-3.5 |
(0.9) |
|
7 |
(2.1) |
† |
9.4 |
(3.8) |
† |
2 |
(0.9) |
† |
38.1 |
(1.9) |
† |
|
Greece |
22.8 |
(1.2) |
|
23.0 |
(0.2) |
|
0.3 |
(1.3) |
|
3 |
(0.9) |
|
1.8 |
(0.9) |
|
1 |
(0.6) |
|
18.1 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Hungary |
23.1 |
(2.0) |
|
28.3 |
(0.8) |
|
5.2 |
(2.0) |
|
2 |
(0.5) |
|
4.2 |
(2.0) |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
38.7 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Iceland |
18.9 |
(0.0) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
1 |
(0.5) |
|
0.3 |
(0.2) |
|
-1 |
(0.5) |
|
7.7 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Ireland |
24.2 |
(0.3) |
|
23.9 |
(0.3) |
|
-0.3 |
(0.2) |
|
2 |
(0.8) |
|
1.1 |
(0.7) |
|
0 |
(0.5) |
|
14.3 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Israel |
30.4 |
(0.4) |
|
29.8 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
6 |
(0.8) |
|
8.9 |
(2.3) |
|
3 |
(0.7) |
|
31.2 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Italy |
22.0 |
(0.9) |
|
22.9 |
(0.3) |
|
0.9 |
(1.0) |
|
3 |
(1.2) |
|
2.0 |
(1.3) |
|
1 |
(0.7) |
|
27.9 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Japan |
m |
m |
|
35.1 |
(0.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
4 |
(0.7) |
|
6.7 |
(2.3) |
|
1 |
(0.6) |
|
23.7 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Korea |
29.5 |
(0.5) |
|
25.8 |
(0.3) |
|
-3.7 |
(0.6) |
|
3 |
(1.0) |
|
1.7 |
(1.2) |
|
0 |
(0.7) |
|
17.2 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Latvia |
22.5 |
(0.3) |
|
24.5 |
(1.0) |
|
2.0 |
(0.9) |
|
2 |
(0.2) |
|
4.2 |
(0.8) |
|
1 |
(0.2) |
|
12.6 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Lithuania |
23.7 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
5 |
(0.6) |
|
9.8 |
(1.5) |
|
2 |
(0.4) |
|
26.0 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
22.3 |
(0.0) |
|
22.4 |
(0.0) |
|
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
3 |
(0.5) |
|
0.5 |
(0.2) |
|
2 |
(0.5) |
|
30.9 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Mexico |
31.8 |
(1.1) |
|
43.9 |
(0.5) |
|
12.0 |
(1.2) |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
0.2 |
(0.3) |
|
0 |
(0.2) |
|
18.6 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Netherlands |
23.9 |
(0.3) |
|
27.0 |
(0.3) |
|
3.1 |
(0.4) |
|
12 |
(1.1) |
|
18.8 |
(3.1) |
|
4 |
(1.2) |
|
37.6 |
(2.5) |
|
|
New Zealand |
24.7 |
(0.3) |
|
25.1 |
(0.3) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
1 |
(0.6) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
0 |
(0.5) |
|
16.1 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Norway |
23.8 |
(0.2) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
2 |
(0.5) |
|
0.7 |
(0.3) |
|
1 |
(0.5) |
|
8.2 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Poland |
24.4 |
(0.5) |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
1 |
(0.4) |
|
0.9 |
(0.6) |
|
0 |
(0.2) |
|
15.7 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Portugal |
24.3 |
(0.3) |
|
26.2 |
(0.2) |
|
1.9 |
(0.3) |
|
5 |
(0.9) |
|
3.7 |
(1.2) |
|
3 |
(0.6) |
|
16.0 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
19.5 |
(0.3) |
|
24.1 |
(0.4) |
|
4.6 |
(0.5) |
|
6 |
(0.7) |
|
11.3 |
(2.6) |
|
2 |
(0.5) |
|
32.3 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Slovenia |
20.6 |
(0.6) |
|
26.1 |
(0.0) |
|
5.4 |
(0.6) |
|
6 |
(0.3) |
|
7.3 |
(0.5) |
|
1 |
(0.3) |
|
34.9 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Spain |
29.4 |
(0.4) |
|
c |
c |
|
c |
c |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Sweden |
24.3 |
(0.3) |
|
28.5 |
(1.7) |
|
4.2 |
(1.7) |
|
2 |
(0.8) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
-1 |
(0.6) |
|
13.4 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Switzerland |
19.0 |
(0.2) |
|
20.8 |
(0.7) |
|
1.9 |
(0.7) |
|
7 |
(1.2) |
|
5.4 |
(1.8) |
|
5 |
(1.3) |
|
24.2 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Turkey |
c |
c |
|
42.3 |
(1.0) |
|
c |
c |
|
0 |
(0.5) |
|
0.1 |
(0.5) |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
25.3 |
(2.9) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
c |
c |
|
24.9 |
(0.3) |
|
c |
c |
|
-2 |
(1.0) |
† |
0.8 |
(0.7) |
† |
0 |
(0.5) |
† |
15.7 |
(1.7) |
† |
|
United States |
25.8 |
(0.5) |
|
26.2 |
(0.4) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
1 |
(0.6) |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
1 |
(0.4) |
|
15.0 |
(1.8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
24.3 |
(0.1) |
|
27.4 |
(0.1) |
|
2.1 |
(0.2) |
|
3 |
(0.1) |
|
4.2 |
(0.3) |
|
1 |
(0.1) |
|
21.8 |
(0.3) |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but analysis less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.4.11 [8/8]. Language-of-instruction class size, school characteristics and reading performance
In modal grade for 15-year-olds; results based on principals’ reports
|
By education level |
Before accounting for students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile2 |
After accounting for students’ and schools’ socio-economic profile2 |
|||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower secondary (ISCED 2) |
Upper secondary (ISCED 3) |
ISCED 3 - ISCED 2 |
Change in reading performance per one-unit increase in the size of language-of-instruction class |
Explained variance in student performance (r-squared x 100) |
Change in reading performance per one-unit increase in the size of language-of-instruction class |
Explained variance in student performance (r-squared x 100) |
||||||||||||||||
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Mean |
S.E. |
x |
Dif. |
S.E. |
x |
Score dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
Score dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
24.2 |
(0.4) |
|
27.4 |
(0.4) |
|
3.2 |
(0.5) |
|
1 |
(0.3) |
|
0.5 |
(0.4) |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
13.2 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Argentina |
33.6 |
(1.3) |
|
37.8 |
(1.0) |
|
4.3 |
(1.0) |
|
1 |
(0.3) |
|
2.1 |
(1.2) |
|
0 |
(0.2) |
|
30.0 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
26.9 |
(0.9) |
† |
26.3 |
(0.7) |
† |
-0.7 |
(0.5) |
† |
0 |
(0.3) |
† |
0.0 |
(0.1) |
† |
0 |
(0.2) |
† |
5.1 |
(1.3) |
† |
|
Belarus |
23.3 |
(0.5) |
|
23.3 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
(0.2) |
|
2 |
(0.6) |
|
1.2 |
(0.7) |
|
-1 |
(0.2) |
|
28.2 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
22.7 |
(0.5) |
|
23.2 |
(0.4) |
|
0.5 |
(0.7) |
|
2 |
(0.6) |
|
1.5 |
(0.7) |
|
1 |
(0.3) |
|
18.3 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Brazil |
31.1 |
(0.9) |
† |
36.2 |
(0.4) |
|
5.2 |
(1.0) |
† |
-1 |
(0.5) |
|
0.2 |
(0.4) |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
21.8 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
23.4 |
(0.6) |
|
24.2 |
(0.0) |
|
0.8 |
(0.6) |
|
0 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
1 |
(0.2) |
|
32.3 |
(0.8) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
40.7 |
(0.6) |
|
42.3 |
(0.4) |
|
1.6 |
(0.7) |
|
1 |
(0.5) |
|
0.5 |
(0.7) |
|
2 |
(0.3) |
|
25.8 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
c |
c |
|
26.1 |
(0.7) |
|
c |
c |
|
2 |
(0.7) |
|
3.6 |
(2.3) |
|
1 |
(0.5) |
|
31.8 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
27.2 |
(0.4) |
|
26.9 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.3 |
(0.3) |
|
0 |
(0.6) |
|
0.1 |
(0.3) |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
25.9 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Croatia |
c |
c |
|
22.0 |
(0.2) |
|
c |
c |
|
9 |
(0.9) |
|
11.4 |
(2.0) |
|
3 |
(1.0) |
|
25.2 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Cyprus |
23.8 |
(2.3) |
|
20.1 |
(0.0) |
|
-3.7 |
(2.3) |
|
2 |
(0.4) |
|
0.8 |
(0.2) |
|
0 |
(0.4) |
|
14.0 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
35.4 |
(0.8) |
|
36.2 |
(0.9) |
|
0.9 |
(0.8) |
|
0 |
(0.4) |
|
0.1 |
(0.4) |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
21.5 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Georgia |
24.0 |
(0.6) |
|
23.9 |
(0.5) |
|
-0.1 |
(0.4) |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
0.2 |
(0.3) |
|
0 |
(0.2) |
|
14.6 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
27.6 |
(0.6) |
|
27.7 |
(0.5) |
† |
0.1 |
(0.5) |
† |
2 |
(1.4) |
† |
1.4 |
(2.0) |
† |
1 |
(0.9) |
† |
17.7 |
(2.4) |
† |
|
Indonesia |
29.6 |
(1.5) |
|
30.3 |
(1.6) |
|
0.7 |
(2.2) |
|
1 |
(0.3) |
|
1.5 |
(1.3) |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
17.6 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Jordan |
33.6 |
(0.6) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
(0.1) |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
9.7 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
29.5 |
(0.7) |
|
32.1 |
(1.0) |
|
2.6 |
(0.7) |
|
-1 |
(0.2) |
|
0.9 |
(0.6) |
|
-1 |
(0.1) |
|
12.8 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Kosovo |
23.8 |
(0.6) |
|
29.9 |
(0.2) |
|
6.0 |
(0.7) |
|
3 |
(0.3) |
|
7.7 |
(1.3) |
|
1 |
(0.3) |
|
22.7 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Lebanon |
24.6 |
(1.2) |
‡ |
28.2 |
(0.6) |
|
3.5 |
(1.2) |
‡ |
1 |
(0.5) |
|
0.7 |
(0.8) |
|
1 |
(0.5) |
|
17.0 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
28.5 |
(0.0) |
|
29.7 |
(0.0) |
|
1.2 |
(0.0) |
|
2 |
(0.2) |
|
2.0 |
(0.4) |
|
3 |
(0.2) |
|
5.4 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Malaysia |
33.2 |
(1.1) |
|
32.3 |
(0.7) |
|
-0.9 |
(0.9) |
|
0 |
(0.4) |
|
0.1 |
(0.3) |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
21.9 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Malta |
c |
c |
|
19.6 |
(0.0) |
|
c |
c |
|
6 |
(0.5) |
|
2.6 |
(0.5) |
|
4 |
(0.5) |
|
13.5 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Moldova |
26.9 |
(0.6) |
|
31.7 |
(2.5) |
|
4.8 |
(2.5) |
|
1 |
(0.3) |
|
2.0 |
(0.9) |
|
0 |
(0.2) |
|
23.9 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Montenegro |
24.9 |
(1.0) |
|
27.4 |
(0.0) |
|
2.6 |
(1.0) |
|
5 |
(0.2) |
|
5.9 |
(0.5) |
|
0 |
(0.2) |
|
22.8 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Morocco |
34.0 |
(0.7) |
|
34.3 |
(0.7) |
|
0.3 |
(1.0) |
|
0 |
(0.5) |
|
0.2 |
(0.4) |
|
1 |
(0.4) |
|
19.0 |
(2.3) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
c |
c |
|
25.0 |
(0.0) |
|
c |
c |
|
3 |
(0.2) |
|
4.6 |
(0.6) |
|
1 |
(0.2) |
|
26.8 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Panama |
35.8 |
(1.5) |
† |
39.0 |
(0.7) |
|
3.3 |
(1.4) |
† |
1 |
(0.4) |
|
2.0 |
(1.6) |
|
1 |
(0.2) |
|
31.3 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Peru |
23.7 |
(0.5) |
|
26.6 |
(0.4) |
|
2.9 |
(0.4) |
|
3 |
(0.4) |
|
4.3 |
(1.3) |
|
1 |
(0.3) |
|
31.6 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Philippines |
44.1 |
(0.5) |
|
25.2 |
(6.1) |
|
-18.8 |
(6.3) |
|
-1 |
(0.7) |
|
1.1 |
(1.4) |
|
0 |
(0.2) |
|
29.1 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Qatar |
31.7 |
(0.1) |
|
31.7 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
(0.1) |
|
-1 |
(0.1) |
|
2.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0 |
(0.1) |
|
16.7 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Romania |
23.8 |
(1.8) |
|
27.3 |
(0.4) |
|
3.6 |
(1.8) |
|
4 |
(1.2) |
|
4.0 |
(2.0) |
|
2 |
(0.9) |
|
31.7 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Russia |
23.8 |
(0.2) |
|
22.9 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.8 |
(0.4) |
|
3 |
(0.6) |
|
2.7 |
(1.0) |
|
-1 |
(0.7) |
|
14.8 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
30.4 |
(3.5) |
‡ |
39.0 |
(0.9) |
|
8.6 |
(3.8) |
‡ |
1 |
(0.3) |
|
1.3 |
(1.0) |
|
1 |
(0.3) |
|
11.6 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Serbia |
c |
c |
|
28.7 |
(0.6) |
|
c |
c |
|
1 |
(0.7) |
|
0.4 |
(0.7) |
|
1 |
(0.3) |
|
24.5 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Singapore |
32.0 |
(0.5) |
|
33.5 |
(0.2) |
|
1.4 |
(0.6) |
|
-1 |
(0.4) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
2 |
(0.3) |
|
22.0 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
30.4 |
(0.4) |
|
38.3 |
(0.4) |
|
8.0 |
(0.4) |
|
1 |
(0.5) |
|
0.7 |
(0.6) |
|
0 |
(0.3) |
|
23.0 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Thailand |
32.0 |
(0.7) |
|
37.4 |
(0.5) |
|
5.5 |
(0.7) |
|
3 |
(0.5) |
|
5.7 |
(2.2) |
|
0 |
(0.4) |
|
27.2 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
28.7 |
(0.4) |
|
31.2 |
(0.3) |
|
2.5 |
(0.5) |
|
-1 |
(0.2) |
|
1.3 |
(0.3) |
|
0 |
(0.1) |
|
21.8 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Uruguay |
26.5 |
(0.7) |
|
27.9 |
(0.5) |
|
1.5 |
(0.8) |
|
2 |
(0.6) |
|
1.3 |
(0.9) |
|
1 |
(0.3) |
|
26.6 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
27.7 |
(4.5) |
|
42.6 |
(0.6) |
|
14.9 |
(4.5) |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
1. The socio-economic profile is measured by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status.
2. This analysis is restricted to schools with the modal ISCED level for 15-year-old students.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but analysis less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.5.1 [1/6]. Shortage of material resources, 2015 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the school’s capacity to provide instruction is hindered to some extent or a lot by: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 |
|||||||||||||
A lack of educational material (e.g. textbooks, ICT equipment, library or laboratory material) |
Inadequate or poor quality educational material (e.g. textbooks, ICT equipment, library or laboratory material) |
A lack of physical infrastructure (e.g. building, grounds, heating/cooling systems, lighting and acoustic systems) |
Inadequate or poor quality physical infrastructure (e.g. building, grounds, heating/cooling systems, lighting and acoustic systems) |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
10.9 |
(1.3) |
|
10.2 |
(1.2) |
|
24.1 |
(1.8) |
|
25.3 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Austria |
25.7 |
(3.0) |
|
20.5 |
(3.2) |
|
25.7 |
(2.9) |
|
25.8 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Belgium |
32.0 |
(3.0) |
|
20.5 |
(2.3) |
|
44.5 |
(3.2) |
|
42.3 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Canada |
16.6 |
(2.1) |
|
13.2 |
(2.0) |
|
16.8 |
(1.9) |
|
17.6 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Chile |
16.4 |
(3.2) |
|
13.9 |
(2.9) |
|
23.3 |
(3.2) |
|
22.5 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Colombia |
60.3 |
(3.4) |
|
45.4 |
(3.0) |
|
57.6 |
(3.7) |
|
51.4 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
28.6 |
(2.7) |
|
22.6 |
(2.3) |
|
29.9 |
(2.8) |
|
28.3 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Denmark |
19.1 |
(2.7) |
|
16.8 |
(2.3) |
|
27.5 |
(3.3) |
|
27.0 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Estonia |
48.4 |
(2.8) |
|
39.5 |
(2.7) |
|
34.0 |
(2.3) |
|
36.8 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Finland |
41.2 |
(3.8) |
|
39.8 |
(3.5) |
|
38.2 |
(4.0) |
|
41.3 |
(3.7) |
|
|
France |
27.3 |
(2.9) |
|
19.3 |
(2.6) |
|
32.5 |
(3.2) |
|
28.9 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Germany |
36.0 |
(3.6) |
|
34.7 |
(3.6) |
|
39.2 |
(3.6) |
|
39.8 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Greece |
53.9 |
(3.9) |
|
49.0 |
(3.6) |
|
44.9 |
(3.9) |
|
38.6 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Hungary |
71.0 |
(2.9) |
|
61.0 |
(3.2) |
|
52.4 |
(3.2) |
|
43.8 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Iceland |
37.5 |
(0.3) |
|
31.5 |
(0.3) |
|
17.2 |
(0.2) |
|
18.3 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Ireland |
35.7 |
(4.0) |
|
31.3 |
(3.7) |
|
53.1 |
(4.1) |
|
45.3 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Israel |
37.4 |
(4.0) |
|
32.5 |
(3.8) |
|
58.2 |
(3.9) |
|
56.6 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Italy |
42.1 |
(3.2) |
† |
37.7 |
(3.5) |
† |
58.1 |
(3.3) |
† |
59.9 |
(3.3) |
† |
|
Japan |
65.3 |
(3.6) |
|
56.8 |
(3.6) |
|
69.1 |
(3.4) |
|
57.5 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Korea |
50.3 |
(4.1) |
|
43.5 |
(4.1) |
|
58.1 |
(4.2) |
|
52.7 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Latvia |
36.1 |
(2.9) |
|
25.3 |
(2.9) |
|
21.3 |
(2.2) |
|
23.8 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Lithuania |
54.9 |
(2.6) |
|
52.8 |
(2.8) |
|
48.2 |
(2.7) |
|
45.0 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
3.3 |
(0.0) |
|
6.5 |
(0.0) |
|
33.6 |
(0.1) |
|
19.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
59.2 |
(2.9) |
|
45.6 |
(3.4) |
|
57.1 |
(3.3) |
|
44.1 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Netherlands |
30.0 |
(4.5) |
† |
22.3 |
(3.8) |
† |
26.6 |
(4.5) |
† |
26.2 |
(4.2) |
† |
|
New Zealand |
12.8 |
(2.7) |
|
11.1 |
(2.5) |
|
39.4 |
(3.8) |
|
36.4 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Norway |
35.6 |
(3.3) |
|
36.8 |
(3.5) |
|
30.1 |
(3.4) |
|
36.6 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Poland |
33.1 |
(3.9) |
|
35.0 |
(4.1) |
|
21.4 |
(2.8) |
|
24.0 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Portugal |
24.7 |
(3.4) |
|
19.2 |
(3.1) |
|
38.0 |
(3.1) |
|
44.4 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
53.2 |
(3.0) |
|
53.1 |
(3.3) |
|
32.4 |
(3.1) |
|
33.2 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Slovenia |
23.8 |
(0.6) |
|
25.7 |
(0.5) |
|
26.3 |
(0.3) |
|
18.0 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Spain |
46.4 |
(3.0) |
|
43.0 |
(3.6) |
|
43.3 |
(3.5) |
|
48.2 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Sweden |
20.4 |
(2.9) |
|
23.7 |
(3.2) |
|
21.7 |
(3.0) |
|
27.8 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Switzerland |
16.3 |
(2.6) |
|
15.5 |
(2.6) |
|
26.6 |
(3.0) |
|
20.3 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Turkey |
49.1 |
(4.2) |
|
45.6 |
(4.2) |
|
35.3 |
(3.7) |
|
35.3 |
(4.0) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
29.1 |
(3.2) |
† |
25.7 |
(3.0) |
† |
45.5 |
(3.8) |
† |
43.9 |
(3.3) |
† |
|
United States |
17.6 |
(3.2) |
|
16.9 |
(3.0) |
|
24.4 |
(3.3) |
|
21.1 |
(3.5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
35.2 |
(0.5) |
|
30.9 |
(0.5) |
|
37.2 |
(0.5) |
|
35.3 |
(0.5) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.5.1 [2/6]. Shortage of material resources, 2015 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the school’s capacity to provide instruction is hindered to some extent or a lot by: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 |
|||||||||||||
A lack of educational material (e.g. textbooks, ICT equipment, library or laboratory material) |
Inadequate or poor quality educational material (e.g. textbooks, ICT equipment, library or laboratory material) |
A lack of physical infrastructure (e.g. building, grounds, heating/cooling systems, lighting and acoustic systems) |
Inadequate or poor quality physical infrastructure (e.g. building, grounds, heating/cooling systems, lighting and acoustic systems) |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
71.7 |
(3.2) |
|
59.7 |
(3.8) |
|
65.4 |
(3.3) |
|
63.8 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Argentina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Brazil |
29.3 |
(2.4) |
|
22.9 |
(2.2) |
|
33.1 |
(2.6) |
|
33.0 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bulgaria |
33.3 |
(4.1) |
|
20.8 |
(3.3) |
|
28.0 |
(3.6) |
|
22.7 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
68.9 |
(2.9) |
|
59.4 |
(3.3) |
|
62.0 |
(3.4) |
|
61.3 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Croatia |
67.1 |
(3.8) |
|
64.9 |
(4.1) |
|
73.7 |
(3.4) |
|
67.5 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Cyprus |
32.6 |
(0.1) |
|
22.6 |
(0.1) |
|
31.4 |
(0.1) |
|
22.9 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
56.3 |
(3.8) |
|
49.2 |
(4.3) |
|
38.6 |
(3.8) |
|
35.0 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Georgia |
34.7 |
(3.0) |
|
39.6 |
(3.4) |
|
58.3 |
(3.4) |
|
53.6 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
14.8 |
(3.1) |
|
20.0 |
(3.6) |
|
21.7 |
(3.5) |
|
22.2 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Indonesia |
68.7 |
(3.4) |
|
62.5 |
(3.3) |
|
62.3 |
(3.3) |
|
59.1 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Jordan |
45.0 |
(3.8) |
|
46.0 |
(3.5) |
|
60.6 |
(3.3) |
|
65.2 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
47.9 |
(4.0) |
|
54.8 |
(3.6) |
|
49.1 |
(3.8) |
|
42.4 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Kosovo |
85.8 |
(1.2) |
|
72.1 |
(1.5) |
|
50.8 |
(1.2) |
|
50.2 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Lebanon |
35.7 |
(3.4) |
|
36.6 |
(3.1) |
|
41.5 |
(3.5) |
|
36.8 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
27.8 |
(0.1) |
|
31.4 |
(0.1) |
|
41.0 |
(0.1) |
|
44.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Malta |
7.3 |
(0.1) |
|
13.6 |
(0.1) |
|
34.5 |
(0.1) |
|
31.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Moldova |
77.3 |
(2.9) |
|
67.2 |
(3.1) |
|
34.5 |
(3.5) |
|
37.7 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Montenegro |
59.5 |
(0.5) |
|
57.3 |
(0.3) |
|
47.3 |
(0.5) |
|
56.3 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
North Macedonia |
58.3 |
(0.2) |
|
41.9 |
(0.2) |
|
25.6 |
(0.2) |
|
20.8 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Peru |
66.9 |
(2.8) |
|
57.5 |
(3.0) |
|
46.4 |
(3.0) |
|
47.4 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Qatar |
11.4 |
(0.1) |
|
8.9 |
(0.1) |
|
17.4 |
(0.1) |
|
15.7 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Romania |
45.9 |
(4.0) |
|
49.3 |
(4.3) |
|
32.9 |
(4.1) |
|
29.2 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Russia |
51.3 |
(4.0) |
|
46.8 |
(3.9) |
|
49.5 |
(3.7) |
|
50.2 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Serbia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Singapore |
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
11.4 |
(0.1) |
|
10.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
14.6 |
(2.5) |
|
11.6 |
(2.3) |
|
35.4 |
(3.4) |
|
25.5 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Thailand |
55.5 |
(4.0) |
|
46.8 |
(4.1) |
|
55.6 |
(3.5) |
|
44.3 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
29.5 |
(2.3) |
|
25.8 |
(2.0) |
|
35.5 |
(2.4) |
|
33.9 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Uruguay |
28.5 |
(2.5) |
|
29.7 |
(2.5) |
|
53.4 |
(3.0) |
|
49.0 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
46.8 |
(4.4) |
|
41.3 |
(4.3) |
|
61.3 |
(4.0) |
|
52.6 |
(4.1) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.5.1 [3/6]. Shortage of material resources, 2015 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the school’s capacity to provide instruction is hindered to some extent or a lot by: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 |
|||||||||||||
A lack of educational material (e.g. textbooks, ICT equipment, library or laboratory material) |
Inadequate or poor quality educational material (e.g. textbooks, ICT equipment, library or laboratory material) |
A lack of physical infrastructure (e.g. building, grounds, heating/cooling systems, lighting and acoustic systems) |
Inadequate or poor quality physical infrastructure (e.g. building, grounds, heating/cooling systems, lighting and acoustic systems) |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
9.8 |
(1.2) |
|
8.7 |
(1.0) |
|
24.9 |
(1.8) |
|
25.0 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Austria |
29.5 |
(2.9) |
|
27.6 |
(3.2) |
|
28.4 |
(2.9) |
|
28.9 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Belgium |
24.5 |
(2.6) |
|
17.9 |
(2.4) |
|
41.2 |
(3.0) |
|
41.3 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Canada |
10.7 |
(1.5) |
|
8.8 |
(1.2) |
|
16.0 |
(1.8) |
|
14.3 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Chile |
19.8 |
(2.9) |
|
19.9 |
(2.8) |
|
33.7 |
(3.7) |
|
25.3 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Colombia |
61.6 |
(3.2) |
|
47.6 |
(3.6) |
|
59.6 |
(3.1) |
|
54.5 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
30.7 |
(2.9) |
|
23.4 |
(2.7) |
|
38.1 |
(2.6) |
|
41.3 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Denmark |
12.8 |
(2.3) |
|
10.1 |
(2.2) |
|
19.7 |
(3.0) |
|
23.6 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Estonia |
27.7 |
(1.8) |
|
22.4 |
(1.6) |
|
37.6 |
(2.1) |
|
37.0 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Finland |
27.5 |
(3.3) |
|
27.9 |
(3.2) |
|
25.8 |
(2.9) |
|
34.0 |
(3.0) |
|
|
France |
16.6 |
(2.4) |
|
12.0 |
(2.4) |
|
29.3 |
(3.1) |
|
27.6 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Germany |
39.4 |
(3.7) |
|
41.0 |
(3.2) |
|
36.9 |
(3.7) |
|
41.5 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Greece |
58.9 |
(3.5) |
|
50.6 |
(3.4) |
|
46.1 |
(3.9) |
|
47.9 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Hungary |
46.7 |
(3.9) |
|
45.4 |
(3.7) |
|
44.5 |
(3.6) |
|
36.7 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Iceland |
22.7 |
(0.2) |
|
19.8 |
(0.2) |
|
17.6 |
(0.2) |
|
10.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Ireland |
31.2 |
(3.9) |
|
26.4 |
(3.8) |
|
44.6 |
(4.1) |
|
40.7 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Israel |
32.2 |
(3.6) |
|
31.2 |
(4.1) |
|
57.3 |
(4.1) |
|
51.6 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Italy |
28.3 |
(2.7) |
|
26.1 |
(3.0) |
|
53.0 |
(3.9) |
|
54.9 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Japan |
53.5 |
(3.7) |
|
43.0 |
(3.4) |
|
55.2 |
(3.8) |
|
50.5 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Korea |
39.4 |
(3.5) |
|
34.7 |
(3.6) |
|
51.9 |
(4.0) |
|
58.4 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Latvia |
23.0 |
(1.8) |
|
21.9 |
(1.7) |
|
15.5 |
(1.7) |
|
16.6 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Lithuania |
23.7 |
(1.6) |
|
23.3 |
(1.5) |
|
21.8 |
(1.4) |
|
21.5 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
12.1 |
(0.1) |
|
3.7 |
(0.1) |
|
34.7 |
(0.1) |
|
30.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
50.6 |
(2.7) |
|
44.2 |
(3.1) |
|
44.9 |
(2.8) |
|
39.4 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Netherlands |
11.9 |
(2.9) |
|
11.6 |
(2.9) |
|
22.4 |
(4.2) |
|
25.8 |
(3.9) |
|
|
New Zealand |
13.2 |
(2.2) |
|
10.5 |
(1.9) |
|
37.8 |
(2.9) |
|
34.8 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Norway |
22.6 |
(3.0) |
|
28.5 |
(3.5) |
|
21.6 |
(2.8) |
|
26.3 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Poland |
26.2 |
(3.1) |
|
27.3 |
(3.0) |
|
14.7 |
(2.1) |
|
20.1 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Portugal |
41.6 |
(3.1) |
|
42.0 |
(3.0) |
|
43.5 |
(3.5) |
|
47.5 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
56.7 |
(2.9) |
|
56.3 |
(3.0) |
|
29.0 |
(2.9) |
|
31.7 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Slovenia |
24.5 |
(0.4) |
|
19.4 |
(0.3) |
|
31.6 |
(0.7) |
|
23.3 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Spain |
38.7 |
(2.2) |
|
28.6 |
(2.0) |
|
42.4 |
(2.3) |
|
39.0 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Sweden |
14.4 |
(2.3) |
|
16.0 |
(2.8) |
|
20.2 |
(2.8) |
|
21.3 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Switzerland |
13.9 |
(2.4) |
|
11.5 |
(2.4) |
|
19.0 |
(3.0) |
|
19.9 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Turkey |
13.3 |
(2.4) |
|
11.4 |
(2.3) |
|
12.5 |
(2.6) |
|
10.3 |
(2.3) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
27.3 |
(3.1) |
|
23.5 |
(3.0) |
|
33.6 |
(3.1) |
|
33.2 |
(3.3) |
|
|
United States |
15.1 |
(3.5) |
|
12.2 |
(3.3) |
|
18.0 |
(3.5) |
|
16.9 |
(3.2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
28.4 |
(0.5) |
|
25.3 |
(0.5) |
|
33.1 |
(0.5) |
|
32.5 |
(0.5) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.5.1 [4/6]. Shortage of material resources, 2015 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the school’s capacity to provide instruction is hindered to some extent or a lot by: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 |
|||||||||||||
A lack of educational material (e.g. textbooks, ICT equipment, library or laboratory material) |
Inadequate or poor quality educational material (e.g. textbooks, ICT equipment, library or laboratory material) |
A lack of physical infrastructure (e.g. building, grounds, heating/cooling systems, lighting and acoustic systems) |
Inadequate or poor quality physical infrastructure (e.g. building, grounds, heating/cooling systems, lighting and acoustic systems) |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
49.6 |
(2.7) |
|
38.1 |
(2.4) |
|
40.3 |
(2.7) |
|
38.9 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Argentina |
47.5 |
(3.1) |
|
38.9 |
(3.2) |
|
58.2 |
(3.2) |
|
50.5 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
24.2 |
(3.4) |
† |
53.3 |
(4.4) |
† |
47.1 |
(4.5) |
† |
37.7 |
(4.3) |
† |
|
Belarus |
42.7 |
(3.6) |
|
23.5 |
(3.1) |
|
23.3 |
(2.7) |
|
27.2 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
67.0 |
(3.1) |
|
65.4 |
(3.0) |
|
47.5 |
(3.0) |
|
52.5 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Brazil |
31.9 |
(2.2) |
|
23.3 |
(1.6) |
|
32.5 |
(2.1) |
|
35.1 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
37.6 |
(0.1) |
|
32.1 |
(0.1) |
|
36.5 |
(0.1) |
|
46.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
20.4 |
(2.9) |
|
21.2 |
(3.0) |
|
27.8 |
(3.2) |
|
23.7 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
22.0 |
(3.4) |
|
11.7 |
(2.5) |
|
30.8 |
(3.4) |
|
21.2 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
52.7 |
(3.7) |
|
50.1 |
(3.3) |
|
55.2 |
(3.9) |
|
58.2 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Croatia |
52.6 |
(3.5) |
|
53.5 |
(4.0) |
|
64.0 |
(3.6) |
|
55.5 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Cyprus |
24.0 |
(0.4) |
|
20.7 |
(0.3) |
|
23.8 |
(0.3) |
|
23.5 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
46.0 |
(3.4) |
|
43.1 |
(3.8) |
|
41.2 |
(3.8) |
|
30.6 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Georgia |
37.9 |
(3.2) |
|
35.2 |
(3.2) |
|
46.4 |
(2.9) |
|
49.5 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
17.5 |
(3.1) |
|
15.7 |
(3.0) |
|
31.8 |
(4.4) |
|
29.4 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Indonesia |
59.2 |
(4.3) |
|
60.3 |
(4.3) |
|
61.5 |
(4.3) |
|
56.4 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Jordan |
45.1 |
(3.6) |
|
45.9 |
(3.1) |
|
55.0 |
(2.9) |
|
57.1 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
43.1 |
(3.0) |
|
36.7 |
(2.9) |
|
37.7 |
(2.7) |
|
39.8 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Kosovo |
85.9 |
(1.3) |
|
80.5 |
(1.6) |
|
50.4 |
(1.8) |
|
48.5 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Lebanon |
33.9 |
(2.5) |
|
25.3 |
(2.1) |
|
35.5 |
(2.7) |
|
30.9 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
13.0 |
(0.0) |
|
16.1 |
(0.0) |
|
37.5 |
(0.0) |
|
34.6 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Malaysia |
13.4 |
(2.4) |
|
19.1 |
(2.7) |
|
27.0 |
(3.2) |
|
29.5 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Malta |
10.1 |
(0.1) |
|
6.1 |
(0.0) |
|
28.7 |
(0.2) |
|
30.8 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Moldova |
58.3 |
(3.7) |
|
44.0 |
(3.6) |
|
31.3 |
(3.8) |
|
31.4 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Montenegro |
36.8 |
(0.6) |
|
32.0 |
(0.6) |
|
40.4 |
(0.4) |
|
41.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Morocco |
68.8 |
(3.5) |
|
64.0 |
(3.4) |
|
57.0 |
(3.5) |
|
51.6 |
(3.6) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
65.4 |
(0.1) |
|
48.1 |
(0.1) |
|
36.6 |
(0.1) |
|
34.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Panama |
51.6 |
(2.8) |
|
33.9 |
(2.3) |
|
57.8 |
(2.6) |
|
46.0 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Peru |
54.2 |
(2.5) |
|
52.6 |
(2.6) |
|
38.3 |
(2.8) |
|
39.9 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Philippines |
51.1 |
(3.5) |
|
51.6 |
(3.1) |
|
53.0 |
(3.5) |
|
52.0 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Qatar |
3.3 |
(0.0) |
|
2.3 |
(0.0) |
|
10.2 |
(0.0) |
|
8.4 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Romania |
47.3 |
(4.2) |
|
48.7 |
(4.1) |
|
29.1 |
(4.0) |
|
26.4 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Russia |
48.4 |
(3.4) |
|
42.6 |
(3.7) |
|
41.6 |
(3.8) |
|
42.1 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
44.4 |
(3.4) |
|
37.0 |
(3.1) |
|
51.7 |
(3.3) |
|
50.9 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Serbia |
49.2 |
(3.6) |
|
49.8 |
(3.7) |
|
46.7 |
(3.5) |
|
46.6 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Singapore |
0.7 |
(0.0) |
|
0.8 |
(0.1) |
|
6.5 |
(0.2) |
|
5.8 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
11.2 |
(2.4) |
|
7.9 |
(2.1) |
|
32.2 |
(3.7) |
|
25.0 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Thailand |
56.6 |
(3.2) |
|
45.6 |
(4.1) |
|
39.1 |
(3.2) |
|
31.9 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Ukraine |
73.7 |
(2.8) |
|
53.1 |
(3.7) |
|
37.9 |
(3.5) |
|
41.8 |
(3.4) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
22.3 |
(1.0) |
|
18.6 |
(0.8) |
|
25.5 |
(1.2) |
|
24.4 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Uruguay |
30.7 |
(3.5) |
|
28.8 |
(3.2) |
|
44.3 |
(3.7) |
|
46.7 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
43.8 |
(5.1) |
|
33.5 |
(4.5) |
|
51.7 |
(4.4) |
|
45.9 |
(5.0) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.5.1 [5/6]. Shortage of material resources, 2015 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the school’s capacity to provide instruction is hindered to some extent or a lot by: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Change between 2015 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2015) |
|||||||||||||
A lack of educational material (e.g. textbooks, ICT equipment, library or laboratory material) |
Inadequate or poor quality educational material (e.g. textbooks, ICT equipment, library or laboratory material) |
A lack of physical infrastructure (e.g. building, grounds, heating/cooling systems, lighting and acoustic systems) |
Inadequate or poor quality physical infrastructure (e.g. building, grounds, heating/cooling systems, lighting and acoustic systems) |
||||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
-1.1 |
(1.7) |
|
-1.5 |
(1.6) |
|
0.8 |
(2.5) |
|
-0.3 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Austria |
3.8 |
(4.2) |
|
7.2 |
(4.5) |
|
2.7 |
(4.1) |
|
3.1 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Belgium |
-7.5 |
(3.9) |
|
-2.6 |
(3.4) |
|
-3.3 |
(4.4) |
|
-1.0 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Canada |
-5.8 |
(2.5) |
|
-4.4 |
(2.4) |
|
-0.8 |
(2.6) |
|
-3.3 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Chile |
3.3 |
(4.3) |
|
6.0 |
(4.0) |
|
10.3 |
(4.9) |
|
2.8 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Colombia |
1.3 |
(4.7) |
|
2.2 |
(4.7) |
|
2.0 |
(4.8) |
|
3.2 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
2.2 |
(4.0) |
|
0.8 |
(3.6) |
|
8.1 |
(3.8) |
|
12.9 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Denmark |
-6.3 |
(3.6) |
|
-6.7 |
(3.2) |
|
-7.8 |
(4.5) |
|
-3.4 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Estonia |
-20.7 |
(3.4) |
|
-17.1 |
(3.1) |
|
3.6 |
(3.1) |
|
0.2 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Finland |
-13.7 |
(5.1) |
|
-11.9 |
(4.8) |
|
-12.5 |
(5.0) |
|
-7.4 |
(4.8) |
|
|
France |
-10.7 |
(3.7) |
|
-7.3 |
(3.5) |
|
-3.2 |
(4.5) |
|
-1.3 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Germany |
3.4 |
(5.1) |
|
6.3 |
(4.8) |
|
-2.4 |
(5.1) |
|
1.7 |
(5.2) |
|
|
Greece |
5.0 |
(5.3) |
|
1.6 |
(5.0) |
|
1.2 |
(5.5) |
|
9.3 |
(5.5) |
|
|
Hungary |
-24.4 |
(4.9) |
|
-15.6 |
(4.9) |
|
-7.9 |
(4.9) |
|
-7.1 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Iceland |
-14.8 |
(0.3) |
|
-11.6 |
(0.4) |
|
0.4 |
(0.3) |
|
-7.5 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Ireland |
-4.5 |
(5.6) |
|
-4.9 |
(5.3) |
|
-8.5 |
(5.8) |
|
-4.6 |
(5.7) |
|
|
Israel |
-5.1 |
(5.4) |
|
-1.3 |
(5.5) |
|
-0.9 |
(5.7) |
|
-5.0 |
(5.2) |
|
|
Italy |
-13.8 |
(4.2) |
† |
-11.5 |
(4.6) |
† |
-5.1 |
(5.1) |
† |
-5.0 |
(4.8) |
† |
|
Japan |
-11.8 |
(5.2) |
|
-13.8 |
(4.9) |
|
-13.9 |
(5.0) |
|
-7.0 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Korea |
-11.0 |
(5.4) |
|
-8.8 |
(5.5) |
|
-6.2 |
(5.8) |
|
5.7 |
(5.7) |
|
|
Latvia |
-13.1 |
(3.4) |
|
-3.4 |
(3.4) |
|
-5.8 |
(2.8) |
|
-7.2 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Lithuania |
-31.2 |
(3.1) |
|
-29.5 |
(3.2) |
|
-26.4 |
(3.0) |
|
-23.5 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
8.8 |
(0.1) |
|
-2.7 |
(0.1) |
|
1.1 |
(0.2) |
|
10.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
-8.6 |
(3.9) |
|
-1.4 |
(4.6) |
|
-12.2 |
(4.3) |
|
-4.6 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Netherlands |
-18.1 |
(5.4) |
† |
-10.6 |
(4.8) |
† |
-4.2 |
(6.1) |
† |
-0.4 |
(5.7) |
† |
|
New Zealand |
0.4 |
(3.5) |
|
-0.5 |
(3.1) |
|
-1.6 |
(4.8) |
|
-1.6 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Norway |
-13.0 |
(4.4) |
|
-8.2 |
(4.9) |
|
-8.5 |
(4.4) |
|
-10.3 |
(4.6) |
|
|
Poland |
-6.9 |
(5.0) |
|
-7.7 |
(5.1) |
|
-6.7 |
(3.6) |
|
-3.9 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Portugal |
16.9 |
(4.6) |
|
22.8 |
(4.4) |
|
5.4 |
(4.7) |
|
3.0 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
3.5 |
(4.2) |
|
3.2 |
(4.5) |
|
-3.5 |
(4.2) |
|
-1.5 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Slovenia |
0.8 |
(0.7) |
|
-6.4 |
(0.6) |
|
5.3 |
(0.8) |
|
5.3 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Spain |
-7.6 |
(3.7) |
|
-14.4 |
(4.1) |
|
-0.8 |
(4.2) |
|
-9.2 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Sweden |
-6.0 |
(3.7) |
|
-7.7 |
(4.3) |
|
-1.4 |
(4.1) |
|
-6.4 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Switzerland |
-2.5 |
(3.5) |
|
-4.0 |
(3.5) |
|
-7.5 |
(4.2) |
|
-0.4 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Turkey |
-35.8 |
(4.8) |
|
-34.1 |
(4.8) |
|
-22.7 |
(4.5) |
|
-25.1 |
(4.6) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
-1.9 |
(4.5) |
† |
-2.2 |
(4.2) |
† |
-11.9 |
(4.9) |
† |
-10.7 |
(4.7) |
† |
|
United States |
-2.6 |
(4.7) |
|
-4.7 |
(4.5) |
|
-6.4 |
(4.8) |
|
-4.2 |
(4.7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
-6.7 |
(0.7) |
|
-5.6 |
(0.7) |
|
-4.1 |
(0.7) |
|
-2.8 |
(0.7) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.5.1 [6/6]. Shortage of material resources, 2015 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the school’s capacity to provide instruction is hindered to some extent or a lot by: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Change between 2015 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2015) |
|||||||||||||
A lack of educational material (e.g. textbooks, ICT equipment, library or laboratory material) |
Inadequate or poor quality educational material (e.g. textbooks, ICT equipment, library or laboratory material) |
A lack of physical infrastructure (e.g. building, grounds, heating/cooling systems, lighting and acoustic systems) |
Inadequate or poor quality physical infrastructure (e.g. building, grounds, heating/cooling systems, lighting and acoustic systems) |
||||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
-22.0 |
(4.2) |
|
-21.5 |
(4.5) |
|
-25.1 |
(4.3) |
|
-24.9 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Argentina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Brazil |
2.7 |
(3.2) |
|
0.4 |
(2.7) |
|
-0.6 |
(3.3) |
|
2.0 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bulgaria |
-11.3 |
(5.3) |
|
-9.1 |
(4.1) |
|
2.8 |
(5.0) |
|
-1.5 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
-16.3 |
(4.7) |
|
-9.4 |
(4.7) |
|
-6.8 |
(5.1) |
|
-3.1 |
(5.0) |
|
|
Croatia |
-14.5 |
(5.2) |
|
-11.4 |
(5.7) |
|
-9.6 |
(5.0) |
|
-12.0 |
(5.3) |
|
|
Cyprus |
-8.6 |
(0.4) |
|
-1.9 |
(0.3) |
|
-7.5 |
(0.4) |
|
0.6 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
-10.4 |
(5.1) |
|
-6.2 |
(5.7) |
|
2.6 |
(5.4) |
|
-4.4 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Georgia |
3.2 |
(4.4) |
|
-4.4 |
(4.7) |
|
-11.9 |
(4.5) |
|
-4.2 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
2.7 |
(4.4) |
|
-4.3 |
(4.7) |
|
10.1 |
(5.7) |
|
7.2 |
(5.9) |
|
|
Indonesia |
-9.5 |
(5.5) |
|
-2.3 |
(5.4) |
|
-0.8 |
(5.5) |
|
-2.7 |
(5.8) |
|
|
Jordan |
0.1 |
(5.3) |
|
-0.1 |
(4.7) |
|
-5.6 |
(4.4) |
|
-8.0 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
-4.8 |
(5.0) |
|
-18.2 |
(4.6) |
|
-11.4 |
(4.7) |
|
-2.6 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Kosovo |
0.2 |
(1.7) |
|
8.4 |
(2.2) |
|
-0.4 |
(2.1) |
|
-1.7 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Lebanon |
-1.8 |
(4.3) |
|
-11.3 |
(3.7) |
|
-6.0 |
(4.4) |
|
-5.8 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
-14.9 |
(0.1) |
|
-15.2 |
(0.1) |
|
-3.5 |
(0.1) |
|
-9.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Malta |
2.8 |
(0.1) |
|
-7.5 |
(0.1) |
|
-5.8 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.6 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Moldova |
-19.1 |
(4.7) |
|
-23.2 |
(4.7) |
|
-3.2 |
(5.2) |
|
-6.3 |
(5.1) |
|
|
Montenegro |
-22.7 |
(0.7) |
|
-25.3 |
(0.7) |
|
-6.9 |
(0.6) |
|
-14.5 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
North Macedonia |
7.0 |
(0.2) |
|
6.2 |
(0.2) |
|
11.0 |
(0.2) |
|
13.4 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Peru |
-12.7 |
(3.7) |
|
-4.9 |
(4.0) |
|
-8.1 |
(4.1) |
|
-7.5 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Qatar |
-8.2 |
(0.1) |
|
-6.6 |
(0.1) |
|
-7.2 |
(0.1) |
|
-7.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Romania |
1.4 |
(5.8) |
|
-0.6 |
(5.9) |
|
-3.8 |
(5.8) |
|
-2.8 |
(5.2) |
|
|
Russia |
-2.9 |
(5.3) |
|
-4.2 |
(5.3) |
|
-7.9 |
(5.3) |
|
-8.1 |
(5.3) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Serbia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Singapore |
0.7 |
(0.0) |
|
0.8 |
(0.1) |
|
-4.9 |
(0.2) |
|
-4.8 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
-3.4 |
(3.5) |
|
-3.7 |
(3.1) |
|
-3.2 |
(5.0) |
|
-0.5 |
(4.6) |
|
|
Thailand |
1.1 |
(5.1) |
|
-1.3 |
(5.8) |
|
-16.5 |
(4.8) |
|
-12.5 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
-7.2 |
(2.5) |
|
-7.1 |
(2.1) |
|
-10.0 |
(2.7) |
|
-9.5 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Uruguay |
2.2 |
(4.3) |
|
-0.8 |
(4.0) |
|
-9.1 |
(4.7) |
|
-2.2 |
(4.6) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
-3.0 |
(6.8) |
|
-7.9 |
(6.2) |
|
-9.5 |
(5.9) |
|
-6.7 |
(6.5) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.5.15 [1/4]. School’s capacity to enhance teaching and learning using digital devices
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal agreed or strongly agreed with the following statements: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The number of digital devices connected to the Internet is sufficient |
The school’s Internet bandwidth or speed is sufficient |
The number of digital devices for instruction is sufficient |
Digital devices at the school are sufficiently powerful in terms of computing capacity |
The availability of appropriate software is sufficient |
Teachers have the necessary technical and pedagogical skills to integrate digital devices in instruction |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
80.8 |
(1.6) |
|
72.4 |
(1.8) |
|
76.8 |
(1.7) |
|
84.3 |
(1.6) |
|
92.6 |
(1.1) |
|
67.7 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Austria |
82.0 |
(2.9) |
|
67.9 |
(3.0) |
|
72.0 |
(2.9) |
|
79.1 |
(3.1) |
|
85.3 |
(2.7) |
|
83.3 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Belgium |
65.4 |
(2.4) |
|
69.3 |
(2.4) |
|
63.4 |
(2.6) |
|
71.8 |
(2.8) |
|
75.1 |
(2.2) |
|
55.1 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Canada |
81.2 |
(1.7) |
|
81.4 |
(2.1) |
|
74.6 |
(2.2) |
|
84.2 |
(1.7) |
|
87.3 |
(1.4) |
|
69.0 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Chile |
64.3 |
(3.9) |
|
57.7 |
(3.6) |
|
55.6 |
(3.9) |
|
55.5 |
(3.8) |
|
50.7 |
(4.1) |
|
62.2 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Colombia |
28.6 |
(3.1) |
|
25.2 |
(2.8) |
|
36.7 |
(2.9) |
|
28.4 |
(3.1) |
|
27.8 |
(2.9) |
|
55.5 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
74.2 |
(2.5) |
|
71.6 |
(2.6) |
|
61.2 |
(3.0) |
|
54.3 |
(3.2) |
|
68.6 |
(2.7) |
|
63.4 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Denmark |
84.8 |
(2.4) |
|
89.9 |
(2.0) |
|
76.0 |
(2.7) |
|
83.7 |
(2.4) |
|
83.5 |
(2.3) |
|
80.2 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Estonia |
81.5 |
(1.7) |
|
74.8 |
(1.6) |
|
64.4 |
(1.9) |
|
77.3 |
(1.8) |
|
82.0 |
(1.6) |
|
63.6 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Finland |
49.2 |
(2.8) |
|
72.9 |
(3.5) |
|
39.7 |
(3.2) |
|
77.9 |
(3.0) |
|
75.3 |
(3.1) |
|
50.1 |
(3.1) |
|
|
France |
74.3 |
(3.3) |
|
56.6 |
(3.4) |
|
69.9 |
(3.1) |
|
73.2 |
(3.2) |
|
79.0 |
(2.7) |
|
56.5 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Germany |
44.1 |
(3.6) |
|
31.7 |
(3.7) |
|
33.0 |
(3.5) |
|
58.8 |
(3.8) |
|
59.2 |
(4.0) |
|
56.7 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Greece |
49.9 |
(3.1) |
|
62.7 |
(2.7) |
|
32.9 |
(3.2) |
|
47.4 |
(3.0) |
|
49.7 |
(3.1) |
|
62.8 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Hungary |
50.7 |
(3.8) |
|
48.0 |
(3.7) |
|
42.4 |
(3.7) |
|
42.2 |
(3.5) |
|
62.9 |
(3.8) |
|
55.5 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Iceland |
59.1 |
(0.2) |
|
78.1 |
(0.2) |
|
58.5 |
(0.2) |
|
84.1 |
(0.2) |
|
78.4 |
(0.2) |
|
40.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Ireland |
56.5 |
(3.9) |
|
75.9 |
(3.8) |
|
45.3 |
(4.1) |
|
73.2 |
(3.7) |
|
71.9 |
(3.9) |
|
49.3 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Israel |
47.3 |
(3.9) |
|
45.6 |
(3.8) |
|
38.8 |
(3.6) |
|
48.1 |
(3.6) |
|
55.7 |
(3.8) |
|
55.6 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Italy |
71.4 |
(2.9) |
|
60.4 |
(3.1) |
|
63.2 |
(3.0) |
|
70.8 |
(3.0) |
|
70.7 |
(3.0) |
|
50.2 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Japan |
36.5 |
(3.9) |
|
45.2 |
(3.8) |
|
27.2 |
(3.7) |
|
46.1 |
(4.2) |
|
39.7 |
(3.9) |
|
27.3 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Korea |
76.4 |
(3.2) |
|
83.4 |
(2.9) |
|
65.9 |
(3.4) |
|
75.6 |
(3.3) |
|
69.7 |
(3.5) |
|
83.2 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Latvia |
77.2 |
(2.0) |
|
79.1 |
(1.4) |
|
51.4 |
(2.1) |
|
65.5 |
(2.2) |
|
80.7 |
(1.7) |
|
79.8 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Lithuania |
86.5 |
(1.2) |
|
91.3 |
(0.9) |
|
74.6 |
(1.7) |
|
77.3 |
(1.6) |
|
71.5 |
(1.7) |
|
84.1 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
75.8 |
(0.1) |
|
78.8 |
(0.1) |
|
59.6 |
(0.1) |
|
89.4 |
(0.1) |
|
89.6 |
(0.1) |
|
59.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
34.2 |
(2.8) |
|
31.7 |
(2.9) |
|
33.7 |
(3.1) |
|
37.1 |
(3.3) |
|
41.9 |
(3.3) |
|
76.5 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Netherlands |
76.4 |
(3.2) |
|
87.1 |
(3.0) |
|
68.9 |
(3.7) |
|
84.1 |
(3.0) |
|
87.3 |
(2.7) |
|
51.6 |
(4.3) |
|
|
New Zealand |
81.0 |
(2.9) |
|
87.9 |
(2.4) |
|
69.7 |
(3.4) |
|
94.3 |
(1.6) |
|
93.1 |
(1.4) |
|
60.5 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Norway |
71.1 |
(3.0) |
|
79.9 |
(2.5) |
|
65.8 |
(3.1) |
|
81.0 |
(2.5) |
|
82.3 |
(2.6) |
|
74.5 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Poland |
68.0 |
(3.4) |
|
58.9 |
(3.4) |
|
56.1 |
(3.6) |
|
51.1 |
(3.7) |
|
54.4 |
(3.3) |
|
78.5 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Portugal |
47.5 |
(3.4) |
|
32.0 |
(3.4) |
|
39.7 |
(3.2) |
|
30.7 |
(2.8) |
|
44.3 |
(3.2) |
|
62.5 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
68.4 |
(2.6) |
|
61.0 |
(2.7) |
|
62.7 |
(2.8) |
|
58.9 |
(2.8) |
|
76.4 |
(2.6) |
|
82.6 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Slovenia |
89.3 |
(0.3) |
|
90.0 |
(0.3) |
|
85.7 |
(0.4) |
|
81.6 |
(0.4) |
|
86.4 |
(0.5) |
|
77.2 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Spain |
53.3 |
(2.4) |
|
52.9 |
(2.3) |
|
43.6 |
(2.0) |
|
49.4 |
(1.9) |
|
53.5 |
(2.1) |
|
53.3 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Sweden |
86.1 |
(2.6) |
|
89.1 |
(2.3) |
|
80.8 |
(3.0) |
|
93.0 |
(1.8) |
|
87.2 |
(2.4) |
|
72.0 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Switzerland |
78.9 |
(3.3) |
|
73.8 |
(3.6) |
|
68.4 |
(3.7) |
|
86.0 |
(2.4) |
|
89.7 |
(2.2) |
|
70.0 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Turkey |
82.0 |
(3.1) |
|
76.6 |
(3.0) |
|
78.3 |
(3.1) |
|
82.1 |
(2.9) |
|
68.1 |
(3.4) |
|
74.9 |
(3.2) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
69.1 |
(3.6) |
|
75.2 |
(2.7) |
|
66.7 |
(3.1) |
|
66.8 |
(3.2) |
|
80.8 |
(2.4) |
|
72.3 |
(3.3) |
|
|
United States |
84.5 |
(3.3) |
|
82.4 |
(3.3) |
|
78.3 |
(3.5) |
|
89.3 |
(2.7) |
|
86.7 |
(2.9) |
|
73.6 |
(3.5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
67.2 |
(0.5) |
|
67.5 |
(0.5) |
|
59.0 |
(0.5) |
|
68.5 |
(0.5) |
|
71.3 |
(0.5) |
|
64.6 |
(0.5) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.5.15 [2/4]. School’s capacity to enhance teaching and learning using digital devices
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal agreed or strongly agreed with the following statements: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The number of digital devices connected to the Internet is sufficient |
The school’s Internet bandwidth or speed is sufficient |
The number of digital devices for instruction is sufficient |
Digital devices at the school are sufficiently powerful in terms of computing capacity |
The availability of appropriate software is sufficient |
Teachers have the necessary technical and pedagogical skills to integrate digital devices in instruction |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
43.9 |
(2.2) |
|
66.5 |
(2.8) |
|
38.0 |
(2.5) |
|
34.3 |
(2.5) |
|
46.8 |
(2.7) |
|
89.3 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Argentina |
29.4 |
(2.6) |
|
21.7 |
(2.2) |
|
23.3 |
(2.6) |
|
29.6 |
(2.6) |
|
33.7 |
(2.8) |
|
40.9 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
57.3 |
(4.0) |
† |
52.3 |
(4.3) |
† |
39.3 |
(3.9) |
† |
46.1 |
(4.3) |
† |
70.5 |
(3.7) |
† |
64.8 |
(4.0) |
† |
|
Belarus |
62.9 |
(3.5) |
|
79.8 |
(3.0) |
|
57.8 |
(3.8) |
|
57.1 |
(3.8) |
|
65.0 |
(3.3) |
|
85.7 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
46.5 |
(3.6) |
|
49.7 |
(3.0) |
|
37.5 |
(3.3) |
|
36.5 |
(3.1) |
|
35.0 |
(3.2) |
|
66.8 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Brazil |
27.5 |
(1.6) |
|
26.0 |
(1.8) |
|
23.0 |
(1.9) |
|
27.4 |
(2.0) |
|
24.7 |
(1.8) |
|
50.6 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
50.1 |
(0.1) |
|
32.2 |
(0.1) |
|
31.1 |
(0.1) |
|
47.8 |
(0.1) |
|
55.9 |
(0.1) |
|
70.7 |
(0.1) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
91.1 |
(2.3) |
|
95.8 |
(1.2) |
|
93.6 |
(1.5) |
|
85.9 |
(2.6) |
|
79.4 |
(2.9) |
|
91.7 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
53.4 |
(3.9) |
|
79.4 |
(3.1) |
|
42.4 |
(4.0) |
|
66.5 |
(4.0) |
|
70.2 |
(3.7) |
|
79.5 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
39.4 |
(3.4) |
|
34.3 |
(3.0) |
|
32.5 |
(3.5) |
|
47.7 |
(3.6) |
|
40.5 |
(3.5) |
|
54.5 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Croatia |
76.4 |
(3.2) |
|
69.9 |
(3.3) |
|
65.0 |
(3.6) |
|
53.1 |
(3.6) |
|
57.8 |
(3.6) |
|
61.9 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Cyprus |
90.1 |
(0.7) |
|
71.3 |
(0.5) |
|
71.6 |
(0.8) |
|
82.2 |
(0.7) |
|
77.2 |
(0.7) |
|
80.7 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
44.0 |
(3.1) |
|
44.4 |
(3.4) |
|
43.2 |
(3.4) |
|
56.7 |
(3.4) |
|
45.6 |
(4.0) |
|
59.4 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Georgia |
61.1 |
(3.0) |
|
72.2 |
(3.1) |
|
50.2 |
(3.3) |
|
76.9 |
(2.6) |
|
89.8 |
(1.8) |
|
72.7 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
72.8 |
(4.4) |
|
86.8 |
(3.3) |
|
65.3 |
(4.8) |
|
69.4 |
(4.3) |
|
68.3 |
(4.3) |
|
53.2 |
(4.9) |
|
|
Indonesia |
78.6 |
(3.5) |
|
79.6 |
(3.7) |
|
62.9 |
(4.0) |
|
64.4 |
(4.3) |
|
65.2 |
(3.9) |
|
81.6 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Jordan |
49.8 |
(3.2) |
|
52.0 |
(3.5) |
|
37.5 |
(3.2) |
|
39.9 |
(2.9) |
|
57.5 |
(2.9) |
|
65.4 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
63.2 |
(2.4) |
|
64.5 |
(2.2) |
|
56.9 |
(2.6) |
|
52.7 |
(2.8) |
|
73.4 |
(2.4) |
|
90.1 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Kosovo |
22.1 |
(1.4) |
|
28.7 |
(1.3) |
|
14.5 |
(1.2) |
|
20.7 |
(1.2) |
|
17.3 |
(1.2) |
|
72.2 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Lebanon |
51.7 |
(3.0) |
|
46.6 |
(3.0) |
|
55.9 |
(3.3) |
|
61.0 |
(2.7) |
|
58.4 |
(2.7) |
|
63.9 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
91.1 |
(0.0) |
|
68.0 |
(0.0) |
|
73.0 |
(0.0) |
|
65.6 |
(0.0) |
|
80.9 |
(0.1) |
|
67.8 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Malaysia |
41.7 |
(3.6) |
|
36.0 |
(3.6) |
|
31.4 |
(3.0) |
|
34.4 |
(3.0) |
|
48.7 |
(3.8) |
|
73.2 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Malta |
72.0 |
(0.2) |
|
61.3 |
(0.2) |
|
71.8 |
(0.1) |
|
74.1 |
(0.2) |
|
69.5 |
(0.2) |
|
59.6 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Moldova |
51.5 |
(3.5) |
|
60.3 |
(3.1) |
|
41.7 |
(3.4) |
|
47.6 |
(3.7) |
|
22.0 |
(3.1) |
|
72.8 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Montenegro |
42.8 |
(0.4) |
|
75.2 |
(0.5) |
|
39.7 |
(0.7) |
|
32.2 |
(0.4) |
|
56.7 |
(0.6) |
|
75.6 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Morocco |
27.7 |
(3.3) |
|
25.8 |
(3.2) |
|
18.6 |
(2.8) |
|
24.9 |
(3.1) |
|
26.5 |
(3.4) |
|
41.0 |
(3.6) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
34.3 |
(0.1) |
|
31.6 |
(0.1) |
|
37.5 |
(0.1) |
|
36.8 |
(0.1) |
|
43.7 |
(0.1) |
|
78.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Panama |
33.7 |
(2.7) |
|
25.2 |
(2.7) |
|
28.8 |
(2.8) |
|
31.6 |
(2.8) |
|
26.4 |
(2.8) |
|
72.2 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Peru |
32.0 |
(2.0) |
|
26.9 |
(2.2) |
|
31.0 |
(2.3) |
|
35.0 |
(2.7) |
|
31.8 |
(2.2) |
|
54.1 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Philippines |
43.0 |
(3.4) |
|
41.2 |
(3.5) |
|
42.3 |
(3.0) |
|
48.3 |
(3.2) |
|
49.6 |
(3.0) |
|
90.3 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Qatar |
88.0 |
(0.1) |
|
78.9 |
(0.1) |
|
84.5 |
(0.1) |
|
91.2 |
(0.1) |
|
82.2 |
(0.1) |
|
90.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Romania |
60.2 |
(3.7) |
|
76.2 |
(3.5) |
|
47.2 |
(3.7) |
|
49.3 |
(3.6) |
|
44.4 |
(3.5) |
|
78.7 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Russia |
75.3 |
(2.4) |
|
76.7 |
(2.5) |
|
62.4 |
(3.4) |
|
52.7 |
(3.2) |
|
69.4 |
(2.8) |
|
88.0 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
60.6 |
(3.4) |
|
43.8 |
(3.2) |
|
49.2 |
(3.1) |
|
51.9 |
(2.9) |
|
49.7 |
(3.0) |
|
85.4 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Serbia |
53.2 |
(4.1) |
|
61.0 |
(3.5) |
|
42.9 |
(3.5) |
|
48.7 |
(3.4) |
|
49.4 |
(3.7) |
|
70.6 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Singapore |
95.2 |
(0.1) |
|
90.3 |
(0.6) |
|
93.7 |
(0.1) |
|
97.3 |
(0.0) |
|
97.1 |
(0.0) |
|
89.3 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
87.8 |
(2.6) |
|
82.0 |
(3.0) |
|
78.2 |
(3.2) |
|
82.5 |
(3.0) |
|
77.6 |
(3.3) |
|
70.8 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Thailand |
68.7 |
(3.2) |
|
69.3 |
(3.2) |
|
56.1 |
(3.7) |
|
63.0 |
(3.0) |
|
66.1 |
(3.4) |
|
86.2 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Ukraine |
39.0 |
(3.4) |
|
58.7 |
(3.4) |
|
25.3 |
(3.1) |
|
30.0 |
(3.7) |
|
27.8 |
(3.3) |
|
81.0 |
(2.9) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
85.0 |
(1.9) |
|
79.8 |
(1.8) |
|
85.6 |
(0.5) |
|
86.4 |
(1.9) |
|
85.2 |
(1.9) |
|
91.0 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Uruguay |
40.3 |
(3.6) |
|
32.8 |
(3.0) |
|
35.6 |
(3.6) |
|
35.8 |
(3.7) |
|
38.7 |
(3.6) |
|
49.5 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
74.8 |
(3.8) |
|
79.7 |
(3.5) |
|
62.8 |
(4.1) |
|
65.5 |
(4.0) |
|
77.7 |
(3.2) |
|
77.6 |
(4.0) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.5.15 [3/4]. School’s capacity to enhance teaching and learning using digital devices
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal agreed or strongly agreed with the following statements: |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Teachers have sufficient time to prepare lessons integrating digital devices |
Effective professional resources for teachers to learn how to use digital devices are available |
An effective online learning support platform is available |
Teachers are provided with incentives to integrate digital devices in their teaching |
The school has sufficient qualified technical assistant staff |
||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
||||||||||||||||
Australia |
56.6 |
(2.0) |
|
72.3 |
(1.9) |
|
75.9 |
(1.7) |
|
35.9 |
(1.8) |
|
76.2 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Austria |
80.6 |
(2.5) |
|
79.3 |
(2.7) |
|
67.3 |
(2.9) |
|
72.0 |
(3.2) |
|
72.9 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Belgium |
70.8 |
(2.9) |
|
65.4 |
(2.8) |
|
46.9 |
(2.7) |
|
59.6 |
(3.3) |
|
54.3 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Canada |
68.3 |
(2.3) |
|
77.6 |
(1.9) |
|
65.1 |
(1.7) |
|
34.5 |
(2.4) |
|
61.9 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Chile |
66.5 |
(3.7) |
|
67.6 |
(3.7) |
|
38.7 |
(3.7) |
|
21.7 |
(2.9) |
|
68.3 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Colombia |
70.1 |
(3.0) |
|
49.8 |
(3.8) |
|
36.2 |
(3.5) |
|
23.5 |
(2.9) |
|
27.1 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
62.0 |
(2.5) |
|
88.6 |
(2.1) |
|
57.0 |
(3.1) |
|
82.6 |
(2.2) |
|
48.2 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Denmark |
64.1 |
(3.4) |
|
82.2 |
(2.6) |
|
90.9 |
(2.1) |
|
88.8 |
(2.2) |
|
79.5 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Estonia |
49.8 |
(2.4) |
|
79.3 |
(1.8) |
|
66.5 |
(2.0) |
|
64.1 |
(1.9) |
|
63.3 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Finland |
44.5 |
(3.6) |
|
61.9 |
(3.5) |
|
80.0 |
(2.6) |
|
37.4 |
(2.9) |
|
64.8 |
(3.3) |
|
|
France |
81.1 |
(2.9) |
|
70.9 |
(3.3) |
|
35.2 |
(3.3) |
|
71.8 |
(3.1) |
|
49.1 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Germany |
44.3 |
(3.5) |
|
40.7 |
(3.8) |
|
32.7 |
(3.7) |
|
45.4 |
(4.1) |
|
34.4 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Greece |
60.5 |
(3.5) |
|
44.0 |
(2.9) |
|
34.2 |
(3.6) |
|
33.8 |
(3.3) |
|
13.8 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Hungary |
30.8 |
(3.3) |
|
28.8 |
(3.4) |
|
35.4 |
(3.0) |
|
78.9 |
(2.8) |
|
66.7 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Iceland |
60.0 |
(0.2) |
|
63.7 |
(0.2) |
|
42.8 |
(0.3) |
|
90.6 |
(0.1) |
|
75.9 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Ireland |
51.1 |
(4.3) |
|
47.4 |
(4.1) |
|
45.4 |
(4.0) |
|
36.2 |
(4.2) |
|
20.7 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Israel |
50.5 |
(3.9) |
|
51.3 |
(3.7) |
|
68.2 |
(2.9) |
|
27.8 |
(3.8) |
|
55.7 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Italy |
57.5 |
(3.3) |
|
74.5 |
(3.0) |
|
46.3 |
(3.3) |
|
49.4 |
(3.3) |
|
44.0 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Japan |
11.7 |
(2.1) |
|
19.1 |
(2.8) |
|
24.0 |
(3.5) |
|
43.5 |
(3.6) |
|
10.2 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Korea |
52.8 |
(3.8) |
|
51.9 |
(3.8) |
|
55.8 |
(3.7) |
|
19.1 |
(3.3) |
|
36.9 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Latvia |
29.9 |
(2.0) |
|
57.3 |
(2.1) |
|
51.3 |
(2.0) |
|
69.5 |
(2.0) |
|
42.7 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Lithuania |
69.1 |
(1.5) |
|
77.8 |
(1.3) |
|
66.8 |
(1.8) |
|
96.0 |
(0.7) |
|
71.1 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
67.2 |
(0.1) |
|
65.4 |
(0.1) |
|
23.9 |
(0.1) |
|
88.3 |
(0.1) |
|
46.9 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
62.3 |
(3.0) |
|
55.3 |
(3.0) |
|
33.8 |
(3.0) |
|
18.8 |
(2.5) |
|
44.7 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Netherlands |
70.3 |
(3.9) |
|
70.7 |
(4.1) |
|
50.4 |
(4.5) |
|
90.5 |
(2.6) |
|
78.1 |
(3.5) |
|
|
New Zealand |
41.5 |
(3.5) |
|
73.9 |
(3.5) |
|
76.5 |
(2.9) |
|
31.3 |
(2.7) |
|
77.2 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Norway |
74.3 |
(2.7) |
|
72.7 |
(2.7) |
|
76.1 |
(2.8) |
|
72.7 |
(3.1) |
|
90.1 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Poland |
77.0 |
(2.6) |
|
66.9 |
(2.9) |
|
34.7 |
(3.0) |
|
95.1 |
(1.4) |
|
31.4 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Portugal |
49.0 |
(3.7) |
|
53.4 |
(3.4) |
|
34.9 |
(3.4) |
|
41.6 |
(3.3) |
|
27.9 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
75.5 |
(2.8) |
|
77.1 |
(2.4) |
|
41.5 |
(3.0) |
|
67.5 |
(2.4) |
|
45.3 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Slovenia |
87.9 |
(0.5) |
|
78.0 |
(0.4) |
|
77.4 |
(0.5) |
|
95.7 |
(0.3) |
|
61.1 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Spain |
33.1 |
(2.2) |
|
55.2 |
(2.0) |
|
51.5 |
(2.6) |
|
11.5 |
(1.3) |
|
38.2 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Sweden |
82.3 |
(2.9) |
|
83.2 |
(2.6) |
|
80.0 |
(2.8) |
|
89.0 |
(2.2) |
|
76.6 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Switzerland |
74.5 |
(3.2) |
|
72.6 |
(3.8) |
|
48.5 |
(3.8) |
|
65.2 |
(3.5) |
|
75.0 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Turkey |
84.7 |
(2.9) |
|
75.7 |
(3.0) |
|
65.5 |
(3.3) |
|
91.9 |
(2.2) |
|
42.5 |
(3.2) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
63.0 |
(3.9) |
|
64.5 |
(3.5) |
|
65.9 |
(3.8) |
|
26.0 |
(3.4) |
|
69.3 |
(3.2) |
|
|
United States |
78.5 |
(3.6) |
|
77.5 |
(3.0) |
|
77.1 |
(2.9) |
|
30.6 |
(4.3) |
|
60.4 |
(3.7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
60.9 |
(0.5) |
|
64.7 |
(0.5) |
|
54.1 |
(0.5) |
|
56.7 |
(0.5) |
|
54.1 |
(0.5) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.5.15 [4/4]. School’s capacity to enhance teaching and learning using digital devices
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal agreed or strongly agreed with the following statements: |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Teachers have sufficient time to prepare lessons integrating digital devices |
Effective professional resources for teachers to learn how to use digital devices are available |
An effective online learning support platform is available |
Teachers are provided with incentives to integrate digital devices in their teaching |
The school has sufficient qualified technical assistant staff |
||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
||||||||||||||||
Albania |
79.8 |
(2.8) |
|
70.9 |
(2.9) |
|
32.2 |
(2.4) |
|
66.2 |
(3.1) |
|
75.9 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Argentina |
34.8 |
(2.9) |
|
48.7 |
(3.5) |
|
18.9 |
(2.2) |
|
27.4 |
(3.0) |
|
30.5 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
84.2 |
(2.8) |
† |
62.5 |
(4.1) |
† |
41.3 |
(4.0) |
† |
82.8 |
(3.0) |
† |
59.4 |
(4.0) |
† |
|
Belarus |
85.0 |
(2.5) |
|
61.5 |
(3.6) |
|
27.4 |
(3.4) |
|
92.4 |
(1.7) |
|
68.2 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
81.7 |
(2.4) |
|
56.0 |
(4.1) |
|
33.6 |
(3.7) |
|
52.5 |
(4.3) |
|
54.4 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Brazil |
52.2 |
(2.2) |
|
42.3 |
(2.2) |
|
35.0 |
(2.2) |
|
56.0 |
(2.2) |
|
20.1 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
64.4 |
(0.1) |
|
60.6 |
(0.1) |
|
34.4 |
(0.1) |
|
27.1 |
(0.1) |
|
48.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
89.6 |
(2.1) |
|
89.1 |
(2.3) |
|
94.6 |
(1.7) |
|
89.4 |
(2.1) |
|
87.0 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
64.2 |
(3.9) |
|
77.9 |
(3.0) |
|
40.4 |
(3.5) |
|
90.4 |
(2.2) |
|
67.7 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
42.5 |
(3.5) |
|
48.2 |
(3.3) |
|
20.0 |
(2.9) |
|
24.6 |
(3.0) |
|
40.2 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Croatia |
79.2 |
(2.6) |
|
72.8 |
(3.1) |
|
48.6 |
(3.4) |
|
94.9 |
(1.5) |
|
41.7 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Cyprus |
69.5 |
(0.4) |
|
75.3 |
(0.4) |
|
44.5 |
(0.5) |
|
45.2 |
(0.5) |
|
48.6 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
72.3 |
(3.2) |
|
69.3 |
(3.3) |
|
46.7 |
(3.7) |
|
91.7 |
(2.1) |
|
57.7 |
(3.7) |
|
|
Georgia |
85.6 |
(2.4) |
|
86.0 |
(2.2) |
|
60.4 |
(3.1) |
|
76.1 |
(2.7) |
|
85.5 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
32.4 |
(5.0) |
|
68.9 |
(4.2) |
|
67.4 |
(4.2) |
|
28.0 |
(4.1) |
|
60.8 |
(4.6) |
|
|
Indonesia |
79.6 |
(3.4) |
|
65.2 |
(4.0) |
|
59.1 |
(4.7) |
|
50.2 |
(4.7) |
|
71.2 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Jordan |
40.9 |
(3.4) |
|
44.4 |
(3.4) |
|
43.4 |
(3.7) |
|
38.3 |
(3.7) |
|
59.9 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
80.6 |
(1.8) |
|
78.6 |
(2.0) |
|
69.9 |
(2.6) |
|
90.4 |
(1.4) |
|
81.0 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Kosovo |
80.4 |
(1.2) |
|
66.0 |
(1.5) |
|
22.0 |
(1.3) |
|
56.0 |
(1.7) |
|
72.3 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Lebanon |
59.3 |
(3.0) |
|
61.1 |
(3.2) |
|
35.2 |
(3.2) |
|
59.4 |
(2.6) |
|
56.4 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
71.9 |
(0.1) |
|
87.0 |
(0.0) |
|
68.8 |
(0.1) |
|
86.6 |
(0.0) |
|
92.4 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Malaysia |
48.2 |
(3.5) |
|
69.3 |
(3.3) |
|
68.2 |
(3.3) |
|
40.0 |
(3.4) |
|
37.0 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Malta |
67.5 |
(0.2) |
|
63.4 |
(0.1) |
|
58.5 |
(0.1) |
|
47.8 |
(0.1) |
|
64.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Moldova |
54.4 |
(3.3) |
|
60.8 |
(3.4) |
|
40.5 |
(3.5) |
|
84.5 |
(2.8) |
|
44.8 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Montenegro |
88.4 |
(0.3) |
|
70.5 |
(0.3) |
|
49.3 |
(0.6) |
|
78.3 |
(0.2) |
|
73.1 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Morocco |
53.2 |
(4.0) |
|
40.8 |
(3.7) |
|
27.8 |
(3.2) |
|
64.5 |
(3.4) |
|
24.3 |
(3.3) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
80.4 |
(0.1) |
|
58.5 |
(0.1) |
|
24.5 |
(0.1) |
|
81.9 |
(0.1) |
|
61.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Panama |
78.1 |
(2.1) |
|
63.1 |
(2.6) |
|
23.9 |
(2.6) |
|
29.0 |
(3.0) |
|
51.3 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Peru |
60.8 |
(2.8) |
|
48.5 |
(2.6) |
|
24.0 |
(2.3) |
|
22.2 |
(2.1) |
|
43.9 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Philippines |
86.6 |
(2.5) |
|
84.7 |
(2.7) |
|
54.3 |
(3.5) |
|
42.3 |
(3.4) |
|
64.9 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Qatar |
86.7 |
(0.1) |
|
90.3 |
(0.1) |
|
80.4 |
(0.1) |
|
77.3 |
(0.1) |
|
92.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Romania |
62.8 |
(3.9) |
|
65.5 |
(3.8) |
|
31.3 |
(3.8) |
|
18.2 |
(3.1) |
|
63.4 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Russia |
78.4 |
(2.6) |
|
78.4 |
(2.6) |
|
42.8 |
(2.8) |
|
88.4 |
(2.1) |
|
82.8 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
72.3 |
(2.9) |
|
65.7 |
(3.1) |
|
48.6 |
(3.7) |
|
49.4 |
(3.5) |
|
49.1 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Serbia |
79.5 |
(2.8) |
|
70.1 |
(3.3) |
|
40.0 |
(3.5) |
|
63.1 |
(3.5) |
|
52.4 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Singapore |
75.8 |
(0.9) |
|
93.7 |
(0.4) |
|
95.8 |
(0.6) |
|
56.4 |
(1.2) |
|
92.8 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
68.7 |
(3.9) |
|
77.3 |
(3.3) |
|
76.7 |
(3.3) |
|
98.5 |
(0.9) |
|
71.1 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Thailand |
72.3 |
(3.0) |
|
76.2 |
(2.9) |
|
76.8 |
(3.0) |
|
86.3 |
(2.3) |
|
66.2 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Ukraine |
74.7 |
(2.9) |
|
81.3 |
(2.3) |
|
64.5 |
(3.9) |
|
82.6 |
(3.0) |
|
38.3 |
(3.7) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
88.8 |
(1.0) |
|
88.9 |
(0.8) |
|
71.6 |
(1.7) |
|
78.6 |
(1.3) |
|
84.6 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Uruguay |
39.5 |
(3.9) |
|
48.3 |
(3.6) |
|
47.4 |
(3.6) |
|
26.8 |
(3.5) |
|
63.7 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
74.8 |
(3.7) |
|
54.5 |
(4.6) |
|
43.4 |
(4.5) |
|
23.7 |
(3.6) |
|
60.5 |
(4.8) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.6.1 [1/2]. Learning time per week in regular school lessons, by subject
In hours; results based on students’ reports
|
Regular language-of-instruction lessons |
Regular mathematics lessons |
Regular science lessons |
Foreign language lessons |
Total learning time in regular lessons1 |
Difference between language-of-instruction lessons and foreign language lessons |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hours |
S.E. |
x |
Hours |
S.E. |
x |
Hours |
S.E. |
x |
Hours |
S.E. |
x |
Hours |
S.E. |
x |
Dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
3.9 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.9 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.5 |
(0.0) |
† |
1.2 |
(0.0) |
† |
25.8 |
(0.1) |
† |
2.7 |
(0.0) |
† |
|
Austria |
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
3.5 |
(0.1) |
† |
3.6 |
(0.1) |
|
28.8 |
(0.2) |
† |
-1.0 |
(0.1) |
† |
|
Belgium |
3.6 |
(0.0) |
|
3.5 |
(0.0) |
|
3.1 |
(0.0) |
|
4.7 |
(0.1) |
|
27.8 |
(0.1) |
|
-1.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Canada |
5.4 |
(0.1) |
|
5.2 |
(0.0) |
|
5.1 |
(0.0) |
|
2.9 |
(0.1) |
|
28.2 |
(0.1) |
† |
2.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Chile |
6.8 |
(0.1) |
† |
7.3 |
(0.1) |
† |
5.8 |
(0.1) |
† |
4.3 |
(0.1) |
† |
31.1 |
(0.3) |
‡ |
2.5 |
(0.1) |
† |
|
Colombia |
3.7 |
(0.1) |
† |
4.0 |
(0.1) |
† |
3.3 |
(0.1) |
† |
3.2 |
(0.1) |
† |
27.6 |
(0.3) |
‡ |
0.5 |
(0.1) |
† |
|
Czech Republic |
3.1 |
(0.0) |
|
3.2 |
(0.0) |
|
4.0 |
(0.1) |
|
3.9 |
(0.0) |
|
25.6 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.8 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Denmark |
5.8 |
(0.1) |
† |
4.5 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.7 |
(0.0) |
† |
4.8 |
(0.1) |
† |
27.6 |
(0.2) |
† |
1.0 |
(0.1) |
† |
|
Estonia |
3.1 |
(0.0) |
|
3.5 |
(0.0) |
|
3.6 |
(0.0) |
|
4.0 |
(0.0) |
|
26.1 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.9 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Finland |
2.5 |
(0.0) |
|
2.8 |
(0.0) |
|
2.5 |
(0.0) |
|
3.8 |
(0.0) |
|
24.7 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.2 |
(0.0) |
|
|
France |
3.7 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.6 |
(0.0) |
† |
2.8 |
(0.0) |
† |
4.5 |
(0.1) |
† |
27.4 |
(0.2) |
† |
-0.8 |
(0.1) |
† |
|
Germany |
3.3 |
(0.0) |
‡ |
3.4 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
3.7 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
4.4 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
26.7 |
(0.2) |
‡ |
-1.1 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
|
Greece |
2.8 |
(0.0) |
|
3.4 |
(0.0) |
|
3.6 |
(0.0) |
|
1.8 |
(0.0) |
|
27.7 |
(0.1) |
† |
1.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Hungary |
2.8 |
(0.0) |
|
2.5 |
(0.0) |
|
2.9 |
(0.1) |
|
4.7 |
(0.1) |
|
26.4 |
(0.1) |
† |
-1.9 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Iceland |
4.1 |
(0.0) |
† |
4.1 |
(0.0) |
† |
2.4 |
(0.0) |
† |
4.7 |
(0.0) |
† |
27.3 |
(0.2) |
† |
-0.5 |
(0.0) |
† |
|
Ireland |
3.1 |
(0.0) |
|
3.2 |
(0.0) |
|
2.4 |
(0.0) |
|
2.5 |
(0.0) |
|
28.8 |
(0.1) |
† |
0.6 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Israel |
3.3 |
(0.0) |
|
4.2 |
(0.0) |
|
3.4 |
(0.1) |
|
3.8 |
(0.1) |
|
29.2 |
(0.2) |
† |
-0.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Italy |
4.6 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.8 |
(0.0) |
† |
2.3 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.8 |
(0.1) |
† |
29.0 |
(0.1) |
† |
0.7 |
(0.1) |
† |
|
Japan |
3.6 |
(0.0) |
|
4.1 |
(0.0) |
|
2.9 |
(0.1) |
|
4.0 |
(0.0) |
|
28.0 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.4 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Korea |
3.1 |
(0.0) |
|
3.0 |
(0.0) |
|
3.0 |
(0.1) |
|
3.2 |
(0.1) |
|
29.6 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Latvia |
2.7 |
(0.0) |
|
3.8 |
(0.0) |
|
4.0 |
(0.0) |
|
3.7 |
(0.0) |
|
25.9 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.9 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Lithuania |
3.5 |
(0.0) |
|
3.0 |
(0.0) |
|
4.4 |
(0.0) |
|
3.7 |
(0.0) |
|
25.2 |
(0.0) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
3.5 |
(0.0) |
|
3.5 |
(0.0) |
|
3.2 |
(0.0) |
|
6.2 |
(0.0) |
|
27.4 |
(0.1) |
|
-2.7 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Mexico |
3.9 |
(0.0) |
† |
4.0 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.9 |
(0.1) |
† |
2.9 |
(0.0) |
† |
28.4 |
(0.3) |
‡ |
0.9 |
(0.0) |
† |
|
Netherlands |
2.8 |
(0.0) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
4.4 |
(0.1) |
|
3.8 |
(0.1) |
|
27.2 |
(0.2) |
|
-1.0 |
(0.1) |
|
|
New Zealand |
4.1 |
(0.0) |
|
4.0 |
(0.0) |
|
4.1 |
(0.1) |
|
1.2 |
(0.0) |
|
25.6 |
(0.1) |
† |
2.9 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Norway |
3.8 |
(0.0) |
|
3.3 |
(0.0) |
|
2.4 |
(0.0) |
|
2.8 |
(0.0) |
|
25.6 |
(0.2) |
|
1.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Poland |
3.8 |
(0.0) |
|
3.6 |
(0.0) |
|
2.9 |
(0.0) |
|
3.6 |
(0.0) |
|
28.3 |
(0.1) |
|
0.3 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Portugal |
4.1 |
(0.1) |
|
4.5 |
(0.1) |
|
3.5 |
(0.1) |
|
3.8 |
(0.0) |
|
29.3 |
(0.2) |
† |
0.3 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
3.4 |
(0.0) |
|
3.2 |
(0.0) |
|
2.6 |
(0.1) |
|
4.3 |
(0.1) |
|
25.3 |
(0.1) |
† |
-0.9 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Slovenia |
3.0 |
(0.0) |
|
2.8 |
(0.0) |
|
3.3 |
(0.0) |
|
3.0 |
(0.0) |
|
28.1 |
(0.1) |
† |
-0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Spain |
3.6 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.8 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.2 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.9 |
(0.0) |
† |
29.0 |
(0.1) |
† |
-0.4 |
(0.0) |
† |
|
Sweden |
3.1 |
(0.0) |
|
3.3 |
(0.0) |
|
3.1 |
(0.0) |
|
3.8 |
(0.1) |
|
27.2 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.7 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Switzerland |
3.3 |
(0.1) |
† |
3.4 |
(0.1) |
† |
2.5 |
(0.1) |
† |
4.2 |
(0.1) |
† |
26.1 |
(0.2) |
† |
-0.9 |
(0.1) |
† |
|
Turkey |
3.5 |
(0.0) |
|
3.9 |
(0.0) |
|
3.4 |
(0.1) |
|
3.2 |
(0.1) |
|
26.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
4.3 |
(0.0) |
|
4.2 |
(0.0) |
|
5.1 |
(0.0) |
|
1.7 |
(0.0) |
|
26.9 |
(0.1) |
|
2.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
United States |
4.2 |
(0.1) |
|
4.1 |
(0.1) |
|
4.1 |
(0.1) |
|
2.9 |
(0.1) |
|
30.4 |
(0.2) |
† |
1.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
3.7 |
(0.0) |
|
3.7 |
(0.0) |
|
3.4 |
(0.0) |
|
3.6 |
(0.0) |
|
27.5 |
(0.0) |
|
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
1. Total learning time includes all school subjects.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.6.1 [2/2]. Learning time per week in regular school lessons, by subject
In hours; results based on students’ reports
|
Regular language-of-instruction lessons |
Regular mathematics lessons |
Regular science lessons |
Foreign language lessons |
Total learning time in regular lessons1 |
Difference between language-of-instruction lessons and foreign language lessons |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hours |
S.E. |
x |
Hours |
S.E. |
x |
Hours |
S.E. |
x |
Hours |
S.E. |
x |
Hours |
S.E. |
x |
Dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
2.9 |
(0.0) |
|
3.2 |
(0.0) |
|
4.9 |
(0.1) |
|
3.3 |
(0.1) |
|
25.2 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Argentina |
3.0 |
(0.0) |
‡ |
3.2 |
(0.0) |
‡ |
3.4 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
2.4 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
26.0 |
(0.4) |
‡ |
0.6 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
3.4 |
(0.1) |
† |
4.7 |
(0.1) |
† |
5.7 |
(0.1) |
† |
3.3 |
(0.1) |
† |
26.3 |
(0.2) |
‡ |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
† |
|
Belarus |
2.3 |
(0.0) |
|
3.3 |
(0.0) |
|
3.7 |
(0.1) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
25.8 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
2.8 |
(0.1) |
|
2.6 |
(0.1) |
|
26.1 |
(0.2) |
† |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Brazil |
3.8 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.8 |
(0.0) |
† |
2.9 |
(0.1) |
† |
1.8 |
(0.0) |
† |
25.7 |
(0.2) |
‡ |
1.9 |
(0.0) |
† |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
3.4 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.7 |
(0.0) |
† |
4.5 |
(0.1) |
† |
1.6 |
(0.0) |
† |
24.1 |
(0.2) |
‡ |
1.8 |
(0.0) |
† |
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
4.6 |
(0.1) |
|
5.0 |
(0.1) |
|
5.5 |
(0.1) |
|
4.6 |
(0.1) |
|
31.8 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
2.9 |
(0.1) |
† |
2.7 |
(0.1) |
† |
4.9 |
(0.1) |
† |
4.2 |
(0.1) |
† |
25.2 |
(0.2) |
† |
-1.3 |
(0.1) |
† |
|
Costa Rica |
4.0 |
(0.0) |
|
4.3 |
(0.0) |
|
4.7 |
(0.1) |
|
5.4 |
(0.2) |
|
30.8 |
(0.3) |
† |
-1.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Croatia |
2.9 |
(0.0) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
3.4 |
(0.1) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
26.9 |
(0.1) |
† |
0.3 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Cyprus |
4.3 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.8 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.8 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.2 |
(0.0) |
† |
28.1 |
(0.2) |
‡ |
1.2 |
(0.0) |
† |
|
Dominican Republic |
4.4 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
4.4 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
4.1 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
3.7 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
25.8 |
(0.5) |
‡ |
0.6 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
|
Georgia |
4.0 |
(0.0) |
|
3.9 |
(0.0) |
|
3.0 |
(0.1) |
|
2.7 |
(0.1) |
|
25.7 |
(0.2) |
† |
1.2 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
5.1 |
(0.1) |
|
4.7 |
(0.1) |
|
4.0 |
(0.1) |
|
4.2 |
(0.1) |
|
28.8 |
(0.1) |
|
0.9 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Indonesia |
4.0 |
(0.1) |
|
4.2 |
(0.1) |
|
3.7 |
(0.1) |
|
3.5 |
(0.1) |
|
27.3 |
(0.3) |
‡ |
0.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Jordan |
4.4 |
(0.0) |
|
3.8 |
(0.0) |
|
4.2 |
(0.0) |
|
3.5 |
(0.0) |
|
25.5 |
(0.1) |
|
0.9 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
2.8 |
(0.0) |
|
3.4 |
(0.0) |
|
2.7 |
(0.0) |
|
2.2 |
(0.0) |
|
26.7 |
(0.1) |
† |
0.6 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Kosovo |
2.9 |
(0.0) |
|
2.5 |
(0.0) |
|
3.0 |
(0.0) |
|
2.3 |
(0.0) |
|
24.5 |
(0.2) |
† |
0.5 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Lebanon |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Macao (China) |
4.2 |
(0.0) |
|
4.4 |
(0.0) |
|
3.8 |
(0.0) |
|
3.9 |
(0.0) |
|
28.6 |
(0.1) |
|
0.3 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Malaysia |
4.3 |
(0.1) |
|
4.0 |
(0.1) |
|
4.4 |
(0.1) |
|
1.7 |
(0.1) |
|
28.5 |
(0.2) |
† |
2.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Malta |
4.2 |
(0.0) |
|
4.0 |
(0.0) |
|
3.8 |
(0.0) |
|
2.9 |
(0.0) |
|
28.5 |
(0.1) |
† |
1.4 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Moldova |
3.9 |
(0.0) |
|
3.2 |
(0.0) |
|
3.9 |
(0.1) |
|
3.0 |
(0.0) |
|
22.8 |
(0.1) |
|
0.9 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Montenegro |
2.8 |
(0.0) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
1.7 |
(0.0) |
|
2.7 |
(0.0) |
|
26.8 |
(0.2) |
† |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Morocco |
3.9 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
5.8 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
3.7 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
4.9 |
(0.2) |
‡ |
29.0 |
(0.3) |
‡ |
-1.0 |
(0.2) |
‡ |
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Panama |
3.8 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
4.0 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
3.7 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
3.5 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
25.4 |
(0.4) |
‡ |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
|
Peru |
5.4 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
6.6 |
(0.2) |
‡ |
4.6 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
2.9 |
(0.1) |
‡ |
30.4 |
(0.3) |
‡ |
2.6 |
(0.2) |
‡ |
|
Philippines |
5.2 |
(0.1) |
|
5.2 |
(0.1) |
|
5.2 |
(0.1) |
|
2.4 |
(0.1) |
† |
32.5 |
(0.2) |
‡ |
2.8 |
(0.1) |
† |
|
Qatar |
4.5 |
(0.0) |
|
4.8 |
(0.0) |
|
5.3 |
(0.0) |
|
3.7 |
(0.0) |
|
28.6 |
(0.1) |
† |
0.9 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Romania |
3.0 |
(0.0) |
|
2.7 |
(0.0) |
|
3.4 |
(0.1) |
|
2.7 |
(0.1) |
|
25.0 |
(0.1) |
† |
0.3 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Russia |
2.6 |
(0.1) |
|
4.0 |
(0.0) |
|
4.4 |
(0.1) |
|
2.5 |
(0.0) |
|
26.6 |
(0.2) |
† |
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
3.9 |
(0.0) |
|
3.6 |
(0.0) |
|
3.5 |
(0.0) |
|
3.3 |
(0.0) |
|
26.5 |
(0.1) |
|
0.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Serbia |
2.7 |
(0.0) |
† |
2.6 |
(0.0) |
† |
3.5 |
(0.1) |
† |
2.3 |
(0.0) |
† |
27.3 |
(0.2) |
† |
0.3 |
(0.0) |
† |
|
Singapore |
4.4 |
(0.0) |
|
5.2 |
(0.0) |
|
5.4 |
(0.0) |
|
4.6 |
(0.1) |
|
28.7 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
4.2 |
(0.0) |
|
3.9 |
(0.0) |
|
3.1 |
(0.0) |
|
3.9 |
(0.0) |
|
32.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.3 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Thailand |
2.9 |
(0.1) |
|
3.8 |
(0.1) |
|
4.3 |
(0.1) |
|
3.9 |
(0.1) |
|
32.0 |
(0.2) |
‡ |
-1.0 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Ukraine |
4.3 |
(0.1) |
|
3.3 |
(0.1) |
|
4.0 |
(0.1) |
|
2.8 |
(0.1) |
|
24.6 |
(0.2) |
† |
1.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
4.5 |
(0.0) |
|
5.1 |
(0.0) |
|
5.0 |
(0.1) |
|
3.7 |
(0.1) |
|
29.4 |
(0.1) |
† |
0.7 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Uruguay |
2.6 |
(0.0) |
† |
2.8 |
(0.0) |
† |
2.8 |
(0.1) |
† |
2.2 |
(0.1) |
† |
23.2 |
(0.3) |
‡ |
0.4 |
(0.1) |
† |
|
Viet Nam |
3.1 |
(0.0) |
|
3.3 |
(0.0) |
|
5.4 |
(0.0) |
|
2.7 |
(0.0) |
|
22.4 |
(0.1) |
|
0.4 |
(0.0) |
|
1. Total learning time includes all school subjects.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.6.19 [1/6]. Schools providing study help
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools where the following study help is provided: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Room(s) where students can do their homework |
|||||||||||||
All students |
Socio-economically disadvantaged schools1 |
Socio-economically advantaged schools |
Difference between advantaged and disadvantaged schools |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
86.6 |
(1.4) |
|
83.8 |
(2.9) |
|
89.2 |
(2.7) |
|
5.4 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Austria |
76.4 |
(3.1) |
|
73.1 |
(6.0) |
|
72.2 |
(6.2) |
|
-0.9 |
(9.1) |
|
|
Belgium |
83.6 |
(1.9) |
|
75.7 |
(4.3) |
|
91.0 |
(3.6) |
|
15.3 |
(6.0) |
|
|
Canada |
91.0 |
(1.4) |
|
91.5 |
(2.4) |
|
94.4 |
(2.9) |
|
2.9 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Chile |
75.3 |
(3.6) |
|
71.8 |
(7.6) |
|
77.3 |
(5.4) |
|
5.6 |
(9.2) |
|
|
Colombia |
45.0 |
(3.6) |
|
39.1 |
(7.1) |
|
65.8 |
(6.7) |
|
26.7 |
(9.4) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
56.8 |
(2.7) |
|
38.5 |
(5.5) |
|
78.5 |
(4.3) |
|
40.1 |
(7.6) |
|
|
Denmark |
79.0 |
(3.1) |
† |
80.9 |
(5.3) |
|
76.1 |
(6.5) |
|
-4.8 |
(8.7) |
|
|
Estonia |
67.8 |
(1.8) |
|
80.5 |
(4.4) |
|
63.7 |
(4.0) |
|
-16.8 |
(6.0) |
|
|
Finland |
64.0 |
(3.6) |
|
56.2 |
(7.0) |
|
72.3 |
(6.9) |
|
16.1 |
(9.4) |
|
|
France |
91.5 |
(2.1) |
|
90.8 |
(3.8) |
|
91.7 |
(4.0) |
|
0.9 |
(5.6) |
|
|
Germany |
71.6 |
(3.2) |
|
68.5 |
(6.4) |
|
82.4 |
(5.5) |
|
13.9 |
(8.6) |
|
|
Greece |
41.4 |
(3.7) |
|
35.4 |
(7.5) |
|
54.9 |
(7.1) |
|
19.5 |
(10.1) |
|
|
Hungary |
68.3 |
(3.5) |
|
75.4 |
(5.8) |
|
74.1 |
(6.6) |
|
-1.2 |
(8.9) |
|
|
Iceland |
86.1 |
(0.2) |
|
80.5 |
(0.5) |
|
88.3 |
(0.3) |
|
7.8 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Ireland |
88.1 |
(2.7) |
|
89.5 |
(4.5) |
|
80.8 |
(6.5) |
|
-8.7 |
(7.8) |
|
|
Israel |
48.2 |
(4.2) |
|
46.3 |
(9.4) |
|
55.6 |
(6.5) |
|
9.3 |
(11.3) |
|
|
Italy |
46.1 |
(3.4) |
|
35.5 |
(6.4) |
|
49.5 |
(6.8) |
|
14.0 |
(9.7) |
|
|
Japan |
91.7 |
(1.7) |
|
88.0 |
(4.7) |
|
95.6 |
(3.1) |
|
7.6 |
(5.6) |
|
|
Korea |
86.3 |
(2.3) |
|
82.7 |
(6.1) |
|
80.4 |
(6.1) |
|
-2.3 |
(9.0) |
|
|
Latvia |
67.3 |
(1.6) |
|
80.1 |
(3.6) |
|
61.4 |
(2.8) |
|
-18.7 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Lithuania |
84.0 |
(1.4) |
|
79.7 |
(3.8) |
|
82.6 |
(2.0) |
|
3.0 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
97.8 |
(0.0) |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Mexico |
65.1 |
(3.3) |
|
61.9 |
(6.1) |
|
76.3 |
(6.0) |
|
14.4 |
(8.0) |
|
|
Netherlands |
84.0 |
(2.9) |
|
70.1 |
(6.6) |
|
87.0 |
(6.2) |
|
16.9 |
(9.1) |
|
|
New Zealand |
89.5 |
(2.4) |
|
84.0 |
(5.6) |
|
93.3 |
(3.8) |
|
9.3 |
(6.6) |
|
|
Norway |
75.3 |
(2.7) |
|
78.6 |
(4.7) |
|
80.4 |
(5.3) |
|
1.8 |
(7.3) |
|
|
Poland |
78.3 |
(2.4) |
|
85.2 |
(4.9) |
|
70.7 |
(6.1) |
|
-14.5 |
(7.8) |
|
|
Portugal |
83.2 |
(2.4) |
|
79.2 |
(5.9) |
|
84.4 |
(5.0) |
|
5.2 |
(7.7) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
41.6 |
(3.0) |
|
36.0 |
(6.0) |
|
42.6 |
(6.7) |
|
6.6 |
(9.2) |
|
|
Slovenia |
90.2 |
(0.3) |
|
85.9 |
(0.8) |
|
94.7 |
(0.2) |
|
8.8 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Spain |
71.3 |
(2.0) |
|
77.3 |
(3.7) |
|
79.2 |
(2.9) |
|
1.9 |
(4.6) |
|
|
Sweden |
97.7 |
(1.0) |
|
96.0 |
(2.7) |
|
99.5 |
(0.4) |
|
3.5 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Switzerland |
83.8 |
(2.8) |
|
78.6 |
(6.3) |
|
98.5 |
(0.2) |
|
19.9 |
(6.3) |
|
|
Turkey |
68.9 |
(3.0) |
|
55.1 |
(6.8) |
|
83.7 |
(6.1) |
|
28.6 |
(10.2) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
95.5 |
(1.4) |
|
98.7 |
(0.6) |
|
96.8 |
(2.1) |
|
-1.9 |
(2.2) |
|
|
United States |
80.9 |
(3.0) |
|
74.2 |
(6.9) |
|
87.4 |
(5.4) |
|
13.2 |
(8.8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
75.7 |
(0.4) |
|
73.1 |
(0.9) |
|
79.8 |
(0.8) |
|
6.7 |
(1.2) |
|
1. A socio-economically disadvantaged (advantaged) school is a school in the bottom (top) quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in the relevant country/economy.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.6.19 [2/6]. Schools providing study help
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools where the following study help is provided: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Room(s) where students can do their homework |
|||||||||||||
All students |
Socio-economically disadvantaged schools1 |
Socio-economically advantaged schools |
Difference between advantaged and disadvantaged schools |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
27.0 |
(2.2) |
|
15.3 |
(3.7) |
|
35.5 |
(4.9) |
|
20.2 |
(6.3) |
|
|
Argentina |
35.5 |
(3.2) |
|
39.0 |
(6.1) |
|
44.1 |
(6.1) |
|
5.1 |
(7.8) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
58.5 |
(4.4) |
‡ |
51.8 |
(7.8) |
‡ |
77.2 |
(7.6) |
† |
25.4 |
(10.7) |
‡ |
|
Belarus |
71.1 |
(3.0) |
|
81.1 |
(5.4) |
|
72.9 |
(5.8) |
|
-8.2 |
(8.1) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
46.0 |
(3.2) |
|
36.1 |
(7.6) |
|
55.2 |
(5.2) |
|
19.1 |
(9.5) |
|
|
Brazil |
49.9 |
(2.3) |
|
36.8 |
(4.4) |
|
73.6 |
(4.1) |
|
36.7 |
(5.9) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
72.0 |
(0.1) |
|
67.8 |
(0.2) |
|
65.2 |
(0.2) |
|
-2.6 |
(0.3) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
50.8 |
(3.8) |
|
35.6 |
(7.5) |
|
62.4 |
(5.8) |
|
26.8 |
(8.7) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
47.4 |
(3.9) |
|
57.2 |
(7.1) |
|
37.4 |
(7.4) |
|
-19.8 |
(10.4) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
56.5 |
(3.9) |
|
58.9 |
(7.7) |
|
54.3 |
(8.5) |
|
-4.7 |
(10.7) |
|
|
Croatia |
69.3 |
(3.4) |
|
72.1 |
(6.3) |
|
70.0 |
(6.2) |
|
-2.1 |
(9.1) |
|
|
Cyprus |
40.5 |
(0.5) |
|
33.8 |
(2.0) |
|
44.0 |
(0.3) |
|
10.1 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
48.1 |
(3.7) |
|
37.8 |
(6.1) |
|
62.4 |
(8.5) |
|
24.6 |
(10.5) |
|
|
Georgia |
47.8 |
(2.6) |
|
43.8 |
(4.3) |
|
64.5 |
(6.0) |
|
20.7 |
(8.5) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
88.4 |
(2.8) |
|
87.9 |
(6.0) |
|
93.6 |
(1.3) |
|
5.7 |
(6.2) |
|
|
Indonesia |
42.1 |
(4.3) |
|
23.1 |
(6.7) |
|
56.6 |
(9.8) |
|
33.5 |
(11.6) |
|
|
Jordan |
11.1 |
(2.4) |
|
11.4 |
(5.1) |
|
18.2 |
(5.8) |
|
6.7 |
(7.7) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
48.1 |
(2.2) |
|
50.8 |
(4.5) |
|
40.5 |
(4.8) |
|
-10.3 |
(7.0) |
|
|
Kosovo |
25.3 |
(1.5) |
|
19.1 |
(3.8) |
|
36.0 |
(2.2) |
|
16.9 |
(4.4) |
|
|
Lebanon |
36.9 |
(3.2) |
|
34.9 |
(5.2) |
|
46.3 |
(6.8) |
|
11.4 |
(9.1) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
91.6 |
(0.0) |
|
92.5 |
(0.1) |
|
90.2 |
(0.1) |
|
-2.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Malaysia |
59.6 |
(3.6) |
|
63.2 |
(7.6) |
|
66.0 |
(7.5) |
|
2.7 |
(11.4) |
|
|
Malta |
42.4 |
(0.1) |
|
37.5 |
(0.3) |
|
45.6 |
(0.3) |
|
8.0 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Moldova |
68.0 |
(3.2) |
|
70.4 |
(6.3) |
|
61.2 |
(6.8) |
|
-9.3 |
(8.7) |
|
|
Montenegro |
48.2 |
(0.4) |
|
47.9 |
(1.4) |
|
38.7 |
(0.5) |
|
-9.2 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Morocco |
67.5 |
(3.6) |
|
64.7 |
(6.3) |
|
78.9 |
(5.5) |
|
14.2 |
(8.7) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
41.4 |
(0.1) |
|
23.6 |
(0.2) |
|
63.3 |
(0.2) |
|
39.7 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Panama |
56.2 |
(2.6) |
|
37.7 |
(6.4) |
|
58.5 |
(7.3) |
† |
20.7 |
(9.9) |
† |
|
Peru |
69.6 |
(2.8) |
|
79.8 |
(4.5) |
|
66.5 |
(5.9) |
|
-13.3 |
(7.9) |
|
|
Philippines |
74.4 |
(3.2) |
|
75.4 |
(6.6) |
|
76.4 |
(7.1) |
|
1.1 |
(10.0) |
|
|
Qatar |
43.6 |
(0.1) |
|
20.9 |
(0.2) |
|
77.1 |
(0.2) |
|
56.2 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Romania |
61.0 |
(4.1) |
|
65.9 |
(6.3) |
|
58.5 |
(8.3) |
|
-7.4 |
(10.1) |
|
|
Russia |
46.8 |
(3.9) |
|
35.0 |
(4.0) |
|
49.3 |
(7.4) |
|
14.2 |
(6.9) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
61.6 |
(3.9) |
|
61.2 |
(8.0) |
|
63.5 |
(7.3) |
|
2.4 |
(10.7) |
|
|
Serbia |
52.4 |
(4.1) |
|
51.1 |
(7.9) |
|
54.0 |
(8.8) |
|
2.9 |
(11.8) |
|
|
Singapore |
95.8 |
(1.2) |
|
95.6 |
(0.1) |
|
91.9 |
(4.3) |
|
-3.7 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
91.0 |
(2.2) |
|
88.1 |
(4.9) |
|
97.4 |
(2.6) |
|
9.3 |
(5.5) |
|
|
Thailand |
78.7 |
(3.3) |
|
72.1 |
(7.0) |
|
76.6 |
(6.8) |
|
4.5 |
(9.4) |
|
|
Ukraine |
49.1 |
(2.9) |
|
62.3 |
(6.1) |
|
31.1 |
(6.7) |
|
-31.2 |
(9.2) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
38.5 |
(1.5) |
|
26.7 |
(1.1) |
|
62.2 |
(3.6) |
|
35.5 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Uruguay |
78.0 |
(2.9) |
|
60.2 |
(6.2) |
|
92.7 |
(4.4) |
|
32.5 |
(7.9) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
39.6 |
(4.1) |
|
32.6 |
(7.9) |
|
51.7 |
(9.4) |
|
19.1 |
(12.2) |
|
1. A socio-economically disadvantaged (advantaged) school is a school in the bottom (top) quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in the relevant country/economy.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.6.19 [3/6]. Schools providing study help
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools where the following study help is provided: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Staff provides help with homework |
|||||||||||||
All students |
Socio-economically disadvantaged schools |
Socio-economically advantaged schools |
Difference between advantaged and disadvantaged schools |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
92.6 |
(1.2) |
|
94.6 |
(1.4) |
|
86.3 |
(3.6) |
|
-8.3 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Austria |
28.8 |
(2.9) |
|
34.5 |
(5.6) |
|
21.8 |
(6.7) |
|
-12.6 |
(9.3) |
|
|
Belgium |
57.4 |
(2.8) |
|
57.7 |
(5.8) |
|
60.0 |
(5.8) |
|
2.2 |
(8.0) |
|
|
Canada |
89.7 |
(1.2) |
|
94.2 |
(1.5) |
|
86.3 |
(2.9) |
|
-7.9 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Chile |
39.1 |
(3.8) |
|
57.8 |
(8.2) |
|
17.3 |
(5.5) |
|
-40.5 |
(9.7) |
|
|
Colombia |
19.2 |
(2.8) |
|
13.6 |
(6.9) |
|
37.6 |
(6.8) |
|
24.0 |
(9.8) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
56.2 |
(3.1) |
|
60.3 |
(5.4) |
|
47.0 |
(5.4) |
|
-13.4 |
(7.7) |
|
|
Denmark |
81.8 |
(3.2) |
|
79.5 |
(5.9) |
|
81.2 |
(6.4) |
|
1.7 |
(8.6) |
|
|
Estonia |
56.5 |
(2.0) |
|
68.2 |
(5.1) |
|
40.5 |
(3.1) |
|
-27.7 |
(5.9) |
|
|
Finland |
78.3 |
(3.0) |
|
77.0 |
(5.7) |
|
87.9 |
(4.6) |
|
10.9 |
(7.8) |
|
|
France |
69.9 |
(3.1) |
|
91.5 |
(3.3) |
|
56.1 |
(7.7) |
|
-35.5 |
(8.5) |
|
|
Germany |
50.6 |
(3.7) |
|
53.1 |
(6.8) |
|
41.0 |
(7.9) |
|
-12.1 |
(10.7) |
|
|
Greece |
44.3 |
(3.5) |
|
47.2 |
(7.2) |
|
46.7 |
(6.9) |
|
-0.5 |
(10.1) |
|
|
Hungary |
66.0 |
(3.4) |
|
79.7 |
(4.8) |
|
51.5 |
(7.4) |
|
-28.2 |
(8.8) |
|
|
Iceland |
79.5 |
(0.2) |
|
85.4 |
(0.4) |
|
67.1 |
(0.4) |
|
-18.3 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Ireland |
55.9 |
(4.3) |
|
70.7 |
(7.3) |
|
53.3 |
(9.3) |
|
-17.5 |
(11.8) |
|
|
Israel |
66.2 |
(3.5) |
|
73.3 |
(7.1) |
|
57.0 |
(8.1) |
|
-16.2 |
(10.7) |
|
|
Italy |
38.5 |
(2.9) |
|
38.7 |
(7.4) |
|
36.3 |
(5.5) |
|
-2.4 |
(9.4) |
|
|
Japan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Korea |
34.8 |
(3.9) |
|
30.9 |
(7.3) |
|
40.3 |
(7.1) |
|
9.4 |
(10.0) |
|
|
Latvia |
71.9 |
(1.6) |
|
80.8 |
(3.7) |
|
59.2 |
(2.8) |
|
-21.6 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Lithuania |
82.6 |
(1.5) |
|
88.4 |
(3.1) |
|
79.6 |
(2.4) |
|
-8.7 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
81.6 |
(0.1) |
|
87.2 |
(0.2) |
|
80.8 |
(0.2) |
|
-6.3 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Mexico |
41.0 |
(3.2) |
|
37.4 |
(6.2) |
|
52.6 |
(5.3) |
|
15.3 |
(8.1) |
|
|
Netherlands |
62.7 |
(4.0) |
|
63.6 |
(6.3) |
|
54.4 |
(9.0) |
|
-9.3 |
(11.1) |
|
|
New Zealand |
87.2 |
(2.1) |
|
87.0 |
(5.1) |
|
89.3 |
(2.6) |
|
2.3 |
(5.7) |
|
|
Norway |
54.3 |
(2.6) |
|
62.4 |
(5.6) |
|
60.3 |
(6.5) |
|
-2.1 |
(9.4) |
|
|
Poland |
73.4 |
(2.6) |
|
76.1 |
(5.5) |
|
73.8 |
(6.4) |
|
-2.4 |
(9.2) |
|
|
Portugal |
64.4 |
(2.9) |
|
60.7 |
(7.1) |
|
64.6 |
(6.9) |
|
3.9 |
(10.4) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
47.7 |
(2.8) |
|
45.0 |
(5.5) |
|
45.5 |
(6.4) |
|
0.6 |
(8.7) |
|
|
Slovenia |
50.5 |
(0.5) |
|
54.1 |
(1.4) |
|
58.0 |
(0.6) |
|
3.8 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Spain |
42.9 |
(2.3) |
|
51.8 |
(5.3) |
|
46.1 |
(4.3) |
|
-5.6 |
(6.8) |
|
|
Sweden |
93.3 |
(1.3) |
|
96.5 |
(2.4) |
|
91.1 |
(3.7) |
|
-5.4 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Switzerland |
56.7 |
(3.7) |
|
56.4 |
(7.4) |
|
39.6 |
(7.9) |
|
-16.7 |
(11.6) |
|
|
Turkey |
36.9 |
(3.7) |
|
30.7 |
(6.8) |
|
51.4 |
(7.5) |
|
20.7 |
(9.9) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
92.6 |
(1.7) |
|
88.4 |
(4.8) |
|
89.0 |
(4.7) |
|
0.6 |
(7.1) |
|
|
United States |
92.4 |
(2.3) |
|
88.3 |
(6.4) |
|
97.0 |
(3.3) |
|
8.7 |
(7.2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
62.2 |
(0.5) |
|
65.6 |
(0.9) |
|
59.7 |
(1.0) |
|
-6.0 |
(1.4) |
|
1. A socio-economically disadvantaged (advantaged) school is a school in the bottom (top) quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in the relevant country/economy.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.6.19 [4/6]. Schools providing study help
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools where the following study help is provided: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Staff provides help with homework |
|||||||||||||
All students |
Socio-economically disadvantaged schools |
Socio-economically advantaged schools |
Difference between advantaged and disadvantaged schools |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
55.3 |
(3.2) |
|
49.7 |
(6.2) |
|
51.1 |
(6.3) |
|
1.5 |
(9.1) |
|
|
Argentina |
51.9 |
(3.4) |
|
55.4 |
(6.6) |
|
54.2 |
(6.5) |
|
-1.2 |
(8.5) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
82.1 |
(3.6) |
† |
72.0 |
(7.7) |
‡ |
85.3 |
(6.6) |
† |
13.3 |
(10.0) |
‡ |
|
Belarus |
90.7 |
(2.2) |
|
92.7 |
(3.7) |
|
88.3 |
(5.4) |
|
-4.4 |
(6.5) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
32.7 |
(3.0) |
|
36.4 |
(5.5) |
|
34.1 |
(5.8) |
|
-2.3 |
(8.3) |
|
|
Brazil |
12.4 |
(1.3) |
|
5.6 |
(1.9) |
|
25.9 |
(4.1) |
|
20.3 |
(4.5) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
64.8 |
(0.1) |
|
69.7 |
(0.2) |
|
73.7 |
(0.1) |
|
4.0 |
(0.2) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
67.3 |
(3.1) |
|
73.0 |
(6.0) |
|
71.1 |
(5.4) |
|
-1.9 |
(8.4) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
35.5 |
(3.4) |
|
45.1 |
(6.6) |
|
27.3 |
(7.7) |
|
-17.8 |
(10.4) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
32.8 |
(3.4) |
|
35.3 |
(6.2) |
|
29.7 |
(7.0) |
|
-5.5 |
(9.0) |
|
|
Croatia |
19.7 |
(2.7) |
|
25.1 |
(5.7) |
|
17.8 |
(4.2) |
|
-7.3 |
(7.1) |
|
|
Cyprus |
39.2 |
(0.4) |
|
58.5 |
(1.6) |
|
32.2 |
(0.2) |
|
-26.3 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
34.0 |
(3.4) |
|
30.3 |
(6.6) |
|
39.0 |
(8.2) |
|
8.7 |
(10.3) |
|
|
Georgia |
65.5 |
(2.9) |
|
73.6 |
(4.4) |
|
68.4 |
(5.1) |
|
-5.2 |
(6.4) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
83.1 |
(3.4) |
|
86.4 |
(6.0) |
|
71.8 |
(8.7) |
|
-14.6 |
(10.5) |
|
|
Indonesia |
40.8 |
(4.2) |
|
36.0 |
(8.3) |
|
44.0 |
(9.8) |
|
8.0 |
(12.6) |
|
|
Jordan |
31.3 |
(3.5) |
|
35.3 |
(7.2) |
|
24.5 |
(6.0) |
|
-10.9 |
(9.4) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
91.4 |
(1.3) |
|
94.0 |
(2.0) |
|
89.7 |
(3.2) |
|
-4.3 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Kosovo |
44.7 |
(1.8) |
|
36.3 |
(4.2) |
|
58.1 |
(3.1) |
|
21.7 |
(5.3) |
|
|
Lebanon |
34.3 |
(2.7) |
|
31.0 |
(5.9) |
|
44.7 |
(6.6) |
|
13.8 |
(9.9) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
61.6 |
(0.0) |
|
47.8 |
(0.4) |
|
83.2 |
(0.1) |
|
35.4 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Malaysia |
26.7 |
(3.5) |
|
27.7 |
(7.0) |
|
31.0 |
(7.9) |
|
3.3 |
(10.7) |
|
|
Malta |
50.9 |
(0.1) |
|
69.0 |
(0.5) |
|
38.3 |
(0.3) |
|
-30.7 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Moldova |
79.4 |
(2.8) |
|
73.2 |
(5.8) |
|
78.5 |
(6.3) |
|
5.3 |
(8.8) |
|
|
Montenegro |
20.9 |
(0.2) |
|
32.6 |
(0.8) |
|
1.1 |
(0.1) |
|
-31.5 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Morocco |
45.2 |
(4.0) |
|
52.7 |
(7.1) |
|
35.4 |
(7.2) |
|
-17.3 |
(10.1) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
41.8 |
(0.1) |
|
36.9 |
(0.2) |
|
41.9 |
(0.3) |
|
5.0 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Panama |
37.1 |
(2.7) |
|
36.4 |
(6.6) |
|
47.0 |
(7.0) |
† |
10.6 |
(9.5) |
† |
|
Peru |
34.4 |
(3.0) |
|
36.8 |
(5.8) |
|
53.0 |
(6.6) |
|
16.3 |
(8.8) |
|
|
Philippines |
54.5 |
(3.7) |
|
49.8 |
(8.0) |
|
47.9 |
(6.7) |
|
-1.9 |
(10.5) |
|
|
Qatar |
76.5 |
(0.1) |
|
63.0 |
(0.2) |
|
86.2 |
(0.2) |
|
23.2 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Romania |
54.6 |
(4.5) |
|
59.0 |
(7.3) |
|
45.6 |
(9.8) |
|
-13.3 |
(12.4) |
|
|
Russia |
63.2 |
(2.9) |
|
66.8 |
(4.7) |
|
55.6 |
(7.1) |
|
-11.2 |
(8.8) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
57.5 |
(3.4) |
|
65.7 |
(5.4) |
|
54.3 |
(6.3) |
|
-11.5 |
(8.6) |
|
|
Serbia |
49.9 |
(4.1) |
|
53.9 |
(7.3) |
|
49.7 |
(8.3) |
|
-4.3 |
(11.1) |
|
|
Singapore |
88.8 |
(0.8) |
|
90.1 |
(0.1) |
|
78.6 |
(4.1) |
|
-11.6 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
53.8 |
(3.6) |
|
61.8 |
(7.2) |
|
45.8 |
(7.3) |
|
-16.0 |
(10.5) |
|
|
Thailand |
66.0 |
(3.5) |
|
66.4 |
(5.8) |
|
71.6 |
(6.3) |
|
5.2 |
(9.2) |
|
|
Ukraine |
54.8 |
(3.5) |
|
61.2 |
(6.7) |
|
47.6 |
(8.3) |
|
-13.6 |
(10.3) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
61.5 |
(1.8) |
|
64.0 |
(1.5) |
|
69.9 |
(4.1) |
|
5.9 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Uruguay |
63.8 |
(3.7) |
|
61.4 |
(6.2) |
|
58.1 |
(7.5) |
|
-3.3 |
(9.4) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
55.5 |
(4.6) |
|
61.7 |
(9.5) |
|
45.9 |
(9.0) |
|
-15.8 |
(12.7) |
|
1. A socio-economically disadvantaged (advantaged) school is a school in the bottom (top) quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in the relevant country/economy.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.6.19 [5/6]. Schools providing study help
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools where the following study help is provided: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peer-to-peer tutoring |
|||||||||||||
All students |
Socio-economically disadvantaged schools |
Socio-economically advantaged schools |
Difference between advantaged and disadvantaged schools |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
40.6 |
(1.8) |
|
36.0 |
(3.8) |
|
52.2 |
(3.7) |
|
16.1 |
(5.8) |
|
|
Austria |
41.7 |
(3.6) |
|
30.4 |
(5.9) |
|
43.4 |
(7.4) |
|
13.0 |
(9.6) |
|
|
Belgium |
30.3 |
(3.2) |
|
24.3 |
(5.2) |
|
32.8 |
(6.2) |
|
8.5 |
(8.4) |
|
|
Canada |
73.0 |
(2.4) |
|
68.9 |
(3.8) |
|
81.4 |
(3.6) |
|
12.5 |
(5.3) |
|
|
Chile |
42.5 |
(3.8) |
|
23.2 |
(6.9) |
|
50.0 |
(5.7) |
|
26.8 |
(9.2) |
|
|
Colombia |
51.9 |
(3.6) |
|
30.8 |
(7.3) |
|
77.8 |
(5.5) |
|
47.0 |
(8.5) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
41.8 |
(2.7) |
|
37.9 |
(5.6) |
|
48.3 |
(5.4) |
|
10.4 |
(7.5) |
|
|
Denmark |
26.4 |
(3.4) |
† |
31.5 |
(5.8) |
† |
27.7 |
(7.4) |
|
-3.7 |
(8.9) |
† |
|
Estonia |
51.5 |
(2.3) |
|
55.8 |
(5.7) |
|
55.1 |
(3.7) |
|
-0.7 |
(6.8) |
|
|
Finland |
25.0 |
(3.1) |
|
16.5 |
(5.6) |
|
30.4 |
(6.5) |
|
14.0 |
(9.2) |
|
|
France |
51.1 |
(3.4) |
|
36.9 |
(5.5) |
|
66.2 |
(6.8) |
|
29.2 |
(8.4) |
|
|
Germany |
33.7 |
(3.0) |
|
11.0 |
(4.9) |
|
49.2 |
(7.2) |
|
38.2 |
(8.8) |
|
|
Greece |
44.6 |
(3.4) |
|
38.2 |
(5.9) |
|
51.7 |
(7.1) |
|
13.5 |
(8.8) |
|
|
Hungary |
47.2 |
(3.6) |
|
35.0 |
(6.2) |
|
65.7 |
(7.2) |
|
30.7 |
(9.5) |
|
|
Iceland |
36.9 |
(0.3) |
|
26.2 |
(0.5) |
|
47.4 |
(0.4) |
|
21.2 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Ireland |
30.9 |
(4.0) |
|
34.2 |
(7.9) |
|
37.2 |
(8.6) |
|
3.0 |
(11.8) |
|
|
Israel |
60.9 |
(4.0) |
|
59.9 |
(7.0) |
|
55.5 |
(7.5) |
|
-4.5 |
(10.3) |
|
|
Italy |
65.4 |
(3.2) |
|
59.2 |
(7.2) |
|
76.0 |
(6.0) |
|
16.8 |
(9.6) |
|
|
Japan |
21.6 |
(3.3) |
|
20.6 |
(6.2) |
|
22.6 |
(6.7) |
|
2.0 |
(8.6) |
|
|
Korea |
71.6 |
(3.3) |
|
50.9 |
(9.1) |
|
72.8 |
(6.7) |
|
22.0 |
(11.4) |
|
|
Latvia |
51.0 |
(1.9) |
|
65.2 |
(4.6) |
|
30.3 |
(2.9) |
|
-34.9 |
(5.1) |
|
|
Lithuania |
64.2 |
(1.7) |
|
69.3 |
(4.1) |
|
62.5 |
(2.1) |
|
-6.9 |
(4.7) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
37.4 |
(0.1) |
|
36.0 |
(0.2) |
|
48.6 |
(0.3) |
|
12.6 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Mexico |
75.0 |
(3.0) |
|
71.6 |
(6.8) |
|
76.2 |
(5.2) |
|
4.6 |
(8.6) |
|
|
Netherlands |
43.4 |
(3.9) |
|
24.5 |
(7.3) |
|
54.4 |
(8.9) |
|
29.9 |
(11.5) |
|
|
New Zealand |
78.9 |
(2.5) |
|
59.6 |
(5.6) |
|
93.1 |
(3.6) |
|
33.6 |
(6.4) |
|
|
Norway |
38.5 |
(3.5) |
|
42.4 |
(6.5) |
|
44.0 |
(6.2) |
|
1.6 |
(9.4) |
|
|
Poland |
87.1 |
(2.2) |
|
92.7 |
(3.6) |
|
86.5 |
(4.8) |
|
-6.2 |
(6.0) |
|
|
Portugal |
37.9 |
(3.2) |
|
42.9 |
(6.0) |
|
27.8 |
(7.1) |
|
-15.1 |
(9.8) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
43.6 |
(3.0) |
|
35.1 |
(5.7) |
|
49.7 |
(6.6) |
|
14.6 |
(8.8) |
|
|
Slovenia |
54.0 |
(0.6) |
|
48.8 |
(2.5) |
|
70.6 |
(0.6) |
|
21.8 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Spain |
39.5 |
(2.2) |
|
31.4 |
(4.3) |
|
49.1 |
(4.9) |
|
17.7 |
(6.7) |
|
|
Sweden |
21.2 |
(4.1) |
|
27.3 |
(7.6) |
|
28.8 |
(7.3) |
|
1.5 |
(8.8) |
|
|
Switzerland |
21.9 |
(3.1) |
|
13.0 |
(5.0) |
|
41.8 |
(7.5) |
|
28.8 |
(9.4) |
|
|
Turkey |
53.1 |
(4.0) |
|
60.3 |
(7.0) |
|
60.7 |
(9.0) |
|
0.3 |
(11.7) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
60.8 |
(4.5) |
|
49.9 |
(7.7) |
† |
69.7 |
(7.5) |
|
19.8 |
(10.4) |
† |
|
United States |
74.2 |
(4.0) |
|
58.6 |
(9.4) |
|
89.3 |
(5.2) |
|
30.7 |
(9.6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
47.9 |
(0.5) |
|
42.1 |
(1.0) |
|
54.8 |
(1.0) |
|
12.7 |
(1.4) |
|
1. A socio-economically disadvantaged (advantaged) school is a school in the bottom (top) quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in the relevant country/economy.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.6.19 [6/6]. Schools providing study help
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools where the following study help is provided: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peer-to-peer tutoring |
|||||||||||||
All students |
Socio-economically disadvantaged schools |
Socio-economically advantaged schools |
Difference between advantaged and disadvantaged schools |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
79.0 |
(2.4) |
|
81.1 |
(4.7) |
|
85.4 |
(4.8) |
|
4.3 |
(6.6) |
|
|
Argentina |
78.3 |
(2.7) |
|
81.7 |
(4.8) |
|
89.3 |
(2.7) |
|
7.6 |
(5.8) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
75.5 |
(3.9) |
‡ |
69.0 |
(7.6) |
‡ |
82.6 |
(7.3) |
† |
13.6 |
(10.7) |
‡ |
|
Belarus |
86.3 |
(2.6) |
|
84.0 |
(5.3) |
|
91.0 |
(4.5) |
|
6.9 |
(7.0) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
64.7 |
(3.0) |
|
59.8 |
(7.3) |
|
72.2 |
(6.3) |
|
12.4 |
(10.0) |
|
|
Brazil |
35.3 |
(2.0) |
|
32.9 |
(3.8) |
|
49.6 |
(4.6) |
|
16.7 |
(6.2) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
74.0 |
(0.1) |
|
86.2 |
(0.2) |
|
78.3 |
(0.1) |
|
-7.9 |
(0.2) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
89.9 |
(2.4) |
|
87.3 |
(5.9) |
|
92.8 |
(3.5) |
|
5.4 |
(7.1) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
52.6 |
(3.7) |
|
63.2 |
(7.1) |
|
42.2 |
(8.2) |
|
-21.0 |
(10.2) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
50.4 |
(4.2) |
|
48.5 |
(7.7) |
|
62.2 |
(7.8) |
|
13.7 |
(11.0) |
|
|
Croatia |
48.2 |
(3.7) |
|
56.6 |
(6.8) |
|
57.6 |
(8.1) |
|
1.0 |
(10.4) |
|
|
Cyprus |
12.0 |
(0.4) |
|
8.5 |
(0.3) |
|
17.6 |
(0.2) |
|
9.1 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
64.6 |
(3.2) |
|
60.0 |
(7.2) |
|
72.7 |
(6.6) |
|
12.7 |
(10.3) |
|
|
Georgia |
80.3 |
(2.7) |
|
84.6 |
(3.4) |
|
83.8 |
(5.6) |
|
-0.8 |
(5.9) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
73.6 |
(4.5) |
|
68.9 |
(9.6) |
|
66.6 |
(10.2) |
† |
-2.4 |
(13.9) |
† |
|
Indonesia |
79.2 |
(3.8) |
|
67.6 |
(8.8) |
|
92.0 |
(4.3) |
|
24.5 |
(9.7) |
|
|
Jordan |
64.5 |
(3.7) |
|
64.9 |
(6.9) |
|
62.5 |
(6.9) |
|
-2.4 |
(9.3) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
88.4 |
(1.7) |
|
90.7 |
(2.7) |
|
91.3 |
(2.7) |
|
0.7 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Kosovo |
79.3 |
(1.3) |
|
68.4 |
(3.5) |
|
92.5 |
(2.0) |
|
24.1 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Lebanon |
42.2 |
(3.0) |
|
33.1 |
(6.0) |
|
64.2 |
(6.6) |
|
31.0 |
(9.0) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
85.7 |
(0.0) |
|
99.4 |
(0.0) |
|
63.7 |
(0.2) |
|
-35.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Malaysia |
90.8 |
(1.9) |
|
95.5 |
(3.0) |
|
83.6 |
(5.8) |
|
-11.9 |
(6.3) |
|
|
Malta |
19.5 |
(0.1) |
|
32.0 |
(0.4) |
|
22.0 |
(0.3) |
|
-9.9 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Moldova |
81.2 |
(2.6) |
|
75.6 |
(5.8) |
|
78.3 |
(6.4) |
|
2.8 |
(8.8) |
|
|
Montenegro |
61.0 |
(0.6) |
|
85.5 |
(1.3) |
|
21.7 |
(0.7) |
|
-63.8 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Morocco |
83.9 |
(2.6) |
|
86.2 |
(4.9) |
|
90.3 |
(4.6) |
|
4.1 |
(6.8) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
40.9 |
(0.1) |
|
40.9 |
(0.2) |
|
52.5 |
(0.3) |
|
11.6 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Panama |
37.9 |
(2.8) |
|
35.9 |
(6.7) |
|
55.7 |
(6.7) |
† |
19.8 |
(9.5) |
† |
|
Peru |
55.5 |
(3.1) |
|
67.5 |
(5.4) |
|
57.7 |
(6.2) |
|
-9.8 |
(8.2) |
|
|
Philippines |
89.7 |
(2.2) |
|
83.8 |
(6.0) |
|
85.6 |
(5.6) |
|
1.8 |
(8.1) |
|
|
Qatar |
77.6 |
(0.1) |
|
73.7 |
(0.2) |
|
63.9 |
(0.2) |
|
-9.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Romania |
44.9 |
(4.1) |
|
38.0 |
(7.4) |
|
56.4 |
(9.3) |
|
18.4 |
(11.7) |
|
|
Russia |
71.1 |
(3.1) |
|
57.0 |
(7.0) |
|
72.5 |
(6.0) |
|
15.5 |
(9.4) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
86.1 |
(2.3) |
|
86.7 |
(5.0) |
|
86.3 |
(4.9) |
|
-0.4 |
(7.0) |
|
|
Serbia |
69.6 |
(3.4) |
|
70.1 |
(6.3) |
|
74.1 |
(6.9) |
|
4.0 |
(9.4) |
|
|
Singapore |
57.9 |
(1.3) |
|
64.6 |
(0.2) |
|
59.0 |
(4.6) |
|
-5.5 |
(4.6) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
81.5 |
(3.0) |
|
76.0 |
(6.3) |
|
78.9 |
(6.9) |
|
2.9 |
(9.3) |
|
|
Thailand |
95.2 |
(1.6) |
|
95.6 |
(2.9) |
|
93.9 |
(3.7) |
|
-1.7 |
(4.8) |
|
|
Ukraine |
91.2 |
(2.3) |
|
93.3 |
(2.9) |
|
92.5 |
(5.1) |
|
-0.8 |
(5.7) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
57.6 |
(1.5) |
|
41.3 |
(1.6) |
|
70.3 |
(4.1) |
|
28.9 |
(4.6) |
|
|
Uruguay |
36.1 |
(3.5) |
|
31.3 |
(7.1) |
|
35.7 |
(9.2) |
|
4.4 |
(11.5) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
62.6 |
(4.3) |
|
71.1 |
(7.9) |
|
64.0 |
(9.5) |
|
-7.1 |
(11.9) |
|
1. A socio-economically disadvantaged (advantaged) school is a school in the bottom (top) quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in the relevant country/economy.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [1/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PISA 2000 |
|||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
||||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
|||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||
Australia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Austria |
87.3 |
(2.7) |
|
12.7 |
(2.7) |
|
5.8 |
(1.9) |
|
6.8 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Belgium |
26.2 |
(2.5) |
|
73.8 |
(2.5) |
|
58.1 |
(3.4) |
|
15.7 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Canada |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Chile |
54.5 |
(1.5) |
|
45.5 |
(1.5) |
|
31.4 |
(2.3) |
|
14.1 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Colombia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Czech Republic |
94.0 |
(1.6) |
|
6.0 |
(1.6) |
|
4.2 |
(1.3) |
|
1.8 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Denmark |
75.3 |
(2.3) |
|
24.7 |
(2.3) |
|
24.0 |
(2.2) |
|
0.7 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Estonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Finland |
97.2 |
(1.3) |
|
2.8 |
(1.3) |
|
2.8 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
France |
78.4 |
(3.4) |
|
21.6 |
(3.4) |
|
13.9 |
(2.7) |
|
7.7 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Germany |
95.6 |
(1.4) |
|
4.4 |
(1.4) |
|
4.0 |
(1.3) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Greece |
92.8 |
(1.5) |
|
7.2 |
(1.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
7.2 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Hungary |
94.7 |
(1.8) |
|
5.3 |
(1.8) |
|
4.4 |
(1.6) |
|
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Iceland |
99.2 |
(0.0) |
|
0.8 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.8 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Ireland |
39.1 |
(2.0) |
|
60.9 |
(2.0) |
|
57.2 |
(2.5) |
|
3.7 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Israel |
77.7 |
(4.5) |
|
22.3 |
(4.5) |
|
15.0 |
(4.1) |
|
7.4 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Italy |
94.2 |
(1.4) |
|
5.8 |
(1.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
5.8 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Japan |
69.8 |
(0.9) |
|
30.2 |
(0.9) |
|
1.5 |
(0.9) |
|
28.7 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Korea |
47.7 |
(4.3) |
|
52.3 |
(4.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
52.3 |
(4.3) |
|
|
Latvia |
99.3 |
(0.7) |
|
0.7 |
(0.7) |
|
0.7 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Lithuania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Luxembourg |
87.9 |
(0.0) |
|
12.1 |
(0.0) |
|
12.1 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Mexico |
84.6 |
(2.9) |
|
15.4 |
(2.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
15.4 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Netherlands |
26.5 |
(4.9) |
|
73.5 |
(4.9) |
|
58.8 |
(5.1) |
|
14.6 |
(4.4) |
|
|
New Zealand |
95.4 |
(0.5) |
|
4.6 |
(0.5) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
4.5 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Norway |
98.6 |
(0.9) |
|
1.4 |
(0.9) |
|
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Poland |
97.1 |
(1.3) |
|
2.9 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
2.9 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Portugal |
92.7 |
(0.8) |
|
7.3 |
(0.8) |
|
5.8 |
(0.9) |
|
1.4 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Slovenia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Spain |
60.7 |
(1.7) |
|
39.3 |
(1.7) |
|
27.5 |
(3.2) |
|
11.8 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Sweden |
96.6 |
(0.7) |
|
3.4 |
(0.7) |
|
1.2 |
(0.0) |
|
2.2 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Switzerland |
93.6 |
(1.7) |
|
6.4 |
(1.7) |
|
1.8 |
(0.8) |
|
4.6 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Turkey |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Kingdom |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United States |
93.4 |
(2.7) |
|
6.6 |
(2.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
6.6 |
(2.7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average-28 |
82.8 |
(0.4) |
|
17.2 |
(0.4) |
|
9.7 |
(0.3) |
|
7.6 |
(0.3) |
|
|
OECD average-30 |
82.8 |
(0.4) |
|
17.2 |
(0.4) |
|
9.7 |
(0.3) |
|
7.6 |
(0.3) |
|
|
OECD average-37 |
81.0 |
(0.4) |
|
19.0 |
(0.4) |
|
11.5 |
(0.3) |
|
7.5 |
(0.3) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [2/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PISA 2000 |
|||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
||||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
|||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||
Albania |
96.2 |
(0.7) |
|
3.8 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
3.8 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Argentina |
61.6 |
(7.5) |
|
38.4 |
(7.5) |
|
20.6 |
(8.3) |
|
17.9 |
(5.1) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Brazil |
86.9 |
(1.6) |
|
13.1 |
(1.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
13.1 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Bulgaria |
99.4 |
(0.6) |
|
0.6 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.6 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Croatia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Cyprus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Georgia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
95.1 |
(1.0) |
|
4.9 |
(1.0) |
|
4.4 |
(0.7) |
|
0.5 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Indonesia |
53.6 |
(5.4) |
|
46.4 |
(5.4) |
|
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
46.3 |
(5.4) |
|
|
Jordan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Kosovo |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Lebanon |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Macao (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Malta |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Moldova |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Montenegro |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
North Macedonia |
99.6 |
(0.0) |
|
0.4 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.4 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Peru |
85.0 |
(1.5) |
|
15.0 |
(1.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
15.0 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Qatar |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Romania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Russia |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Serbia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Singapore |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Thailand |
80.7 |
(2.2) |
|
19.3 |
(2.2) |
|
1.8 |
(1.0) |
|
17.5 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Uruguay |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
|
Viet Nam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [3/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
PISA 2003 |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
|
OECD |
||||||||||||
Australia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Austria |
92.0 |
(1.9) |
|
8.0 |
(1.9) |
|
8.0 |
(1.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Belgium |
31.1 |
(1.0) |
|
68.9 |
(1.0) |
|
68.1 |
(1.2) |
|
0.9 |
(0.5) |
|
Canada |
93.2 |
(0.9) |
|
6.8 |
(0.9) |
|
5.0 |
(1.0) |
|
1.8 |
(0.3) |
|
Chile |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Colombia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Czech Republic |
93.3 |
(1.7) |
|
6.7 |
(1.7) |
|
5.8 |
(1.6) |
|
0.9 |
(0.5) |
|
Denmark |
78.3 |
(2.5) |
|
21.7 |
(2.5) |
|
21.3 |
(2.5) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
Estonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Finland |
93.4 |
(1.6) |
|
6.6 |
(1.6) |
|
6.6 |
(1.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
France |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Germany |
92.3 |
(1.7) |
|
7.7 |
(1.7) |
|
7.3 |
(1.8) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
Greece |
95.9 |
(2.0) |
|
4.1 |
(2.0) |
|
1.5 |
(1.3) |
|
2.6 |
(1.9) |
|
Hungary |
88.5 |
(2.5) |
|
11.5 |
(2.5) |
|
10.3 |
(2.4) |
|
1.2 |
(0.8) |
|
Iceland |
99.5 |
(0.1) |
|
0.5 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.5 |
(0.1) |
|
Ireland |
39.0 |
(0.5) |
|
61.0 |
(0.5) |
|
60.3 |
(0.9) |
|
0.7 |
(0.8) |
|
Israel |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Italy |
95.3 |
(1.2) |
|
4.7 |
(1.2) |
|
1.3 |
(0.6) |
|
3.4 |
(1.3) |
|
Japan |
72.7 |
(1.5) |
|
27.3 |
(1.5) |
|
1.2 |
(0.8) |
|
26.1 |
(1.8) |
|
Korea |
44.1 |
(3.6) |
|
55.9 |
(3.6) |
|
35.2 |
(3.9) |
|
20.7 |
(3.2) |
|
Latvia |
99.0 |
(0.7) |
|
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
Lithuania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Luxembourg |
85.9 |
(0.1) |
|
14.1 |
(0.1) |
|
14.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Mexico |
84.5 |
(2.4) |
|
15.5 |
(2.4) |
|
3.9 |
(1.9) |
|
11.6 |
(1.7) |
|
Netherlands |
22.9 |
(4.1) |
|
77.1 |
(4.1) |
|
77.1 |
(4.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
New Zealand |
95.3 |
(0.2) |
|
4.7 |
(0.2) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
4.3 |
(0.5) |
|
Norway |
99.1 |
(0.7) |
|
0.9 |
(0.7) |
|
0.9 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Poland |
99.3 |
(0.4) |
|
0.7 |
(0.4) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
0.4 |
(0.3) |
|
Portugal |
93.8 |
(1.3) |
|
6.2 |
(1.3) |
|
4.2 |
(1.2) |
|
2.0 |
(1.2) |
|
Slovak Republic |
87.6 |
(2.7) |
|
12.4 |
(2.7) |
|
12.4 |
(2.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Slovenia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Spain |
62.1 |
(1.5) |
|
37.9 |
(1.5) |
|
30.4 |
(2.1) |
|
7.4 |
(1.7) |
|
Sweden |
95.6 |
(0.6) |
|
4.4 |
(0.6) |
|
4.4 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Switzerland |
94.4 |
(1.4) |
|
5.6 |
(1.4) |
|
1.9 |
(1.1) |
|
3.8 |
(0.7) |
|
Turkey |
96.6 |
(1.5) |
|
3.4 |
(1.5) |
|
2.4 |
(1.6) |
|
1.0 |
(1.0) |
|
United Kingdom |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
United States |
94.0 |
(1.0) |
|
6.0 |
(1.0) |
|
0.7 |
(0.4) |
|
5.3 |
(0.9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average-28 |
85.5 |
(0.3) |
|
14.5 |
(0.3) |
|
10.8 |
(0.3) |
|
3.7 |
(0.2) |
|
OECD average-30 |
85.5 |
(0.3) |
|
14.5 |
(0.3) |
|
10.8 |
(0.3) |
|
3.7 |
(0.2) |
|
OECD average-37 |
83.4 |
(0.3) |
|
16.6 |
(0.3) |
|
13.3 |
(0.3) |
|
3.3 |
(0.2) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [4/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
PISA 2003 |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
|
Partners |
||||||||||||
Albania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Argentina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Brazil |
84.6 |
(2.0) |
|
15.4 |
(2.0) |
|
4.3 |
(1.6) |
|
11.1 |
(2.1) |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bulgaria |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Costa Rica |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Croatia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Cyprus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Dominican Republic |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Georgia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Hong Kong (China) |
9.5 |
(0.4) |
|
90.5 |
(0.4) |
|
89.5 |
(0.9) |
|
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
Indonesia |
53.8 |
(2.4) |
|
46.2 |
(2.4) |
|
4.4 |
(1.5) |
|
41.8 |
(2.6) |
|
Jordan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Kazakhstan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Kosovo |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Lebanon |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Macao (China) |
4.8 |
(0.1) |
|
95.2 |
(0.1) |
|
51.5 |
(0.2) |
|
43.8 |
(0.2) |
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Malta |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Moldova |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Montenegro |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Peru |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Qatar |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Romania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Russia |
99.8 |
(0.2) |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Serbia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Singapore |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Chinese Taipei |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Thailand |
88.0 |
(1.2) |
|
12.0 |
(1.2) |
|
6.0 |
(1.1) |
|
6.0 |
(1.6) |
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
United Arab Emirates |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Uruguay |
85.9 |
(0.8) |
|
14.1 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
14.1 |
(0.8) |
|
Viet Nam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [5/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
PISA 2006 |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
|
OECD |
||||||||||||
Australia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Austria |
90.7 |
(2.2) |
|
9.3 |
(2.2) |
|
9.3 |
(2.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Belgium |
31.3 |
(1.3) |
|
68.7 |
(1.3) |
|
66.4 |
(1.5) |
|
2.3 |
(0.9) |
|
Canada |
92.7 |
(0.6) |
|
7.3 |
(0.6) |
|
4.6 |
(0.4) |
|
2.7 |
(0.7) |
|
Chile |
43.4 |
(2.4) |
|
56.6 |
(2.4) |
|
49.1 |
(2.9) |
|
7.5 |
(1.9) |
|
Colombia |
80.7 |
(2.6) |
|
19.3 |
(2.6) |
|
7.3 |
(2.4) |
|
12.0 |
(2.1) |
|
Czech Republic |
93.4 |
(2.7) |
|
6.6 |
(2.7) |
|
6.4 |
(2.7) |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
Denmark |
76.0 |
(3.1) |
|
24.0 |
(3.1) |
|
22.9 |
(3.1) |
|
1.1 |
(0.8) |
|
Estonia |
98.1 |
(0.9) |
|
1.9 |
(0.9) |
|
1.4 |
(0.8) |
|
0.6 |
(0.4) |
|
Finland |
97.0 |
(1.2) |
|
3.0 |
(1.2) |
|
3.0 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
France |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Germany |
94.3 |
(1.8) |
|
5.7 |
(1.8) |
|
5.5 |
(1.8) |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
Greece |
94.8 |
(1.2) |
|
5.2 |
(1.2) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
5.1 |
(1.2) |
|
Hungary |
83.7 |
(3.3) |
|
16.3 |
(3.3) |
|
13.6 |
(3.0) |
|
2.7 |
(1.6) |
|
Iceland |
98.9 |
(0.1) |
|
1.1 |
(0.1) |
|
1.0 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
Ireland |
39.7 |
(1.3) |
|
60.3 |
(1.3) |
|
57.1 |
(1.9) |
|
3.2 |
(1.4) |
|
Israel |
69.4 |
(3.7) |
|
30.6 |
(3.7) |
|
24.7 |
(3.4) |
|
5.9 |
(1.8) |
|
Italy |
96.1 |
(0.7) |
|
3.9 |
(0.7) |
|
1.5 |
(0.4) |
|
2.4 |
(0.6) |
|
Japan |
69.1 |
(1.3) |
|
30.9 |
(1.3) |
|
2.4 |
(1.3) |
|
28.5 |
(1.7) |
|
Korea |
53.7 |
(3.9) |
|
46.3 |
(3.9) |
|
31.5 |
(3.7) |
|
14.8 |
(2.5) |
|
Latvia |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Lithuania |
99.3 |
(0.7) |
|
0.7 |
(0.7) |
|
0.7 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Luxembourg |
85.6 |
(0.0) |
|
14.4 |
(0.0) |
|
14.4 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Mexico |
85.0 |
(2.1) |
|
15.0 |
(2.1) |
|
5.2 |
(1.8) |
|
9.7 |
(1.4) |
|
Netherlands |
32.3 |
(4.3) |
|
67.7 |
(4.3) |
|
67.7 |
(4.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
New Zealand |
94.3 |
(0.3) |
|
5.7 |
(0.3) |
|
1.3 |
(0.8) |
|
4.4 |
(0.6) |
|
Norway |
98.1 |
(0.9) |
|
1.9 |
(0.9) |
|
1.9 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Poland |
98.4 |
(0.1) |
|
1.6 |
(0.1) |
|
1.0 |
(0.2) |
|
0.6 |
(0.2) |
|
Portugal |
89.8 |
(1.3) |
|
10.2 |
(1.3) |
|
8.1 |
(1.3) |
|
2.0 |
(0.3) |
|
Slovak Republic |
92.3 |
(1.9) |
|
7.7 |
(1.9) |
|
7.2 |
(1.8) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
Slovenia |
97.7 |
(0.0) |
|
2.3 |
(0.0) |
|
2.3 |
(0.0) |
|
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
Spain |
64.6 |
(0.9) |
|
35.4 |
(0.9) |
|
25.3 |
(1.4) |
|
10.0 |
(1.5) |
|
Sweden |
91.7 |
(0.8) |
|
8.3 |
(0.8) |
|
8.3 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Switzerland |
95.0 |
(0.6) |
|
5.0 |
(0.6) |
|
1.4 |
(0.5) |
|
3.6 |
(0.4) |
|
Turkey |
97.7 |
(1.4) |
|
2.3 |
(1.4) |
|
1.8 |
(1.3) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
United Kingdom |
92.4 |
(0.7) |
|
7.6 |
(0.7) |
|
1.6 |
(0.9) |
|
6.0 |
(1.0) |
|
United States |
92.2 |
(1.1) |
|
7.8 |
(1.1) |
|
1.2 |
(0.9) |
|
6.6 |
(0.9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average-28 |
83.2 |
(0.3) |
|
16.8 |
(0.3) |
|
12.7 |
(0.3) |
|
4.1 |
(0.2) |
|
OECD average-30 |
83.2 |
(0.3) |
|
16.8 |
(0.3) |
|
12.7 |
(0.3) |
|
4.1 |
(0.2) |
|
OECD average-37 |
83.5 |
(0.3) |
|
16.5 |
(0.3) |
|
12.7 |
(0.3) |
|
3.7 |
(0.2) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [6/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
PISA 2006 |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
|
Partners |
||||||||||||
Albania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Argentina |
65.9 |
(3.7) |
|
34.1 |
(3.7) |
|
26.6 |
(3.1) |
|
7.5 |
(2.6) |
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Brazil |
86.4 |
(1.2) |
|
13.6 |
(1.2) |
|
6.4 |
(0.9) |
|
7.1 |
(1.3) |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bulgaria |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Costa Rica |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Croatia |
98.6 |
(1.0) |
|
1.4 |
(1.0) |
|
0.6 |
(0.4) |
|
0.7 |
(0.5) |
|
Cyprus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Dominican Republic |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Georgia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Hong Kong (China) |
7.5 |
(0.2) |
|
92.5 |
(0.2) |
|
90.7 |
(1.4) |
|
1.9 |
(1.4) |
|
Indonesia |
60.1 |
(3.5) |
|
39.9 |
(3.5) |
|
14.4 |
(3.0) |
|
25.5 |
(2.9) |
|
Jordan |
80.0 |
(1.6) |
|
20.0 |
(1.6) |
|
2.0 |
(1.1) |
|
18.0 |
(1.5) |
|
Kazakhstan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Kosovo |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Lebanon |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Macao (China) |
3.8 |
(0.0) |
|
96.2 |
(0.0) |
|
68.8 |
(0.1) |
|
27.4 |
(0.1) |
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Malta |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Moldova |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Montenegro |
99.8 |
(0.0) |
|
0.2 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.2 |
(0.0) |
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Peru |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Qatar |
83.5 |
(0.1) |
|
16.5 |
(0.1) |
|
8.4 |
(0.1) |
|
8.1 |
(0.1) |
|
Romania |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Russia |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Serbia |
99.4 |
(0.7) |
|
0.6 |
(0.7) |
|
0.6 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Singapore |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Chinese Taipei |
64.9 |
(2.4) |
|
35.1 |
(2.4) |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
35.0 |
(2.4) |
|
Thailand |
83.5 |
(0.7) |
|
16.5 |
(0.7) |
|
6.1 |
(1.7) |
|
10.5 |
(1.7) |
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
United Arab Emirates |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Uruguay |
84.9 |
(0.8) |
|
15.1 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
15.1 |
(0.8) |
|
Viet Nam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [7/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
PISA 2009 |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
|
OECD |
||||||||||||
Australia |
59.7 |
(0.8) |
|
40.3 |
(0.8) |
|
25.5 |
(1.6) |
|
14.7 |
(1.4) |
|
Austria |
87.4 |
(2.4) |
|
12.6 |
(2.4) |
|
12.6 |
(2.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Belgium |
30.5 |
(0.7) |
|
69.5 |
(0.7) |
|
67.3 |
(1.0) |
|
2.2 |
(0.8) |
|
Canada |
92.5 |
(0.7) |
|
7.5 |
(0.7) |
|
4.6 |
(0.4) |
|
2.9 |
(0.7) |
|
Chile |
42.0 |
(1.7) |
|
58.0 |
(1.7) |
|
54.8 |
(2.1) |
|
3.2 |
(1.4) |
|
Colombia |
80.5 |
(2.4) |
|
19.5 |
(2.4) |
|
6.7 |
(1.6) |
|
12.8 |
(2.5) |
|
Czech Republic |
96.4 |
(1.0) |
|
3.6 |
(1.0) |
|
3.6 |
(1.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Denmark |
77.2 |
(2.8) |
|
22.8 |
(2.8) |
|
20.3 |
(2.8) |
|
2.5 |
(1.1) |
|
Estonia |
96.7 |
(1.2) |
|
3.3 |
(1.2) |
|
2.6 |
(1.0) |
|
0.6 |
(0.6) |
|
Finland |
96.1 |
(1.2) |
|
3.9 |
(1.2) |
|
3.9 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
France |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Germany |
94.9 |
(1.5) |
|
5.1 |
(1.5) |
|
5.1 |
(1.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Greece |
94.8 |
(0.8) |
|
5.2 |
(0.8) |
|
1.9 |
(0.8) |
|
3.3 |
(0.8) |
|
Hungary |
87.0 |
(2.5) |
|
13.0 |
(2.5) |
|
12.9 |
(2.5) |
|
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
Iceland |
99.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Ireland |
38.5 |
(0.4) |
|
61.5 |
(0.4) |
|
55.2 |
(1.8) |
|
6.3 |
(1.8) |
|
Israel |
82.1 |
(2.6) |
|
17.9 |
(2.6) |
|
14.1 |
(2.5) |
|
3.8 |
(1.4) |
|
Italy |
94.1 |
(0.6) |
|
5.9 |
(0.6) |
|
2.5 |
(0.6) |
|
3.3 |
(0.6) |
|
Japan |
70.7 |
(1.3) |
|
29.3 |
(1.3) |
|
2.9 |
(1.4) |
|
26.4 |
(1.6) |
|
Korea |
62.6 |
(4.3) |
|
37.4 |
(4.3) |
|
20.7 |
(3.4) |
|
16.7 |
(3.0) |
|
Latvia |
99.2 |
(0.5) |
|
0.8 |
(0.5) |
|
0.5 |
(0.4) |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
Lithuania |
99.0 |
(0.7) |
|
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Luxembourg |
85.2 |
(0.1) |
|
14.8 |
(0.1) |
|
13.2 |
(0.1) |
|
1.6 |
(0.0) |
|
Mexico |
88.5 |
(1.1) |
|
11.5 |
(1.1) |
|
1.1 |
(0.6) |
|
10.4 |
(1.1) |
|
Netherlands |
34.0 |
(3.9) |
|
66.0 |
(3.9) |
|
66.0 |
(3.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
New Zealand |
94.3 |
(0.4) |
|
5.7 |
(0.4) |
|
0.8 |
(0.8) |
|
4.9 |
(0.5) |
|
Norway |
98.6 |
(0.4) |
|
1.4 |
(0.4) |
|
1.4 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Poland |
97.9 |
(0.1) |
|
2.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.7 |
(0.2) |
|
1.5 |
(0.2) |
|
Portugal |
85.5 |
(2.7) |
|
14.5 |
(2.7) |
|
9.4 |
(2.7) |
|
5.1 |
(1.3) |
|
Slovak Republic |
91.0 |
(2.4) |
|
9.0 |
(2.4) |
|
9.0 |
(2.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Slovenia |
97.3 |
(0.1) |
|
2.7 |
(0.1) |
|
2.7 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Spain |
65.9 |
(0.9) |
|
34.1 |
(0.9) |
|
29.1 |
(1.3) |
|
5.0 |
(1.1) |
|
Sweden |
90.0 |
(0.8) |
|
10.0 |
(0.8) |
|
10.0 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Switzerland |
93.6 |
(1.6) |
|
6.4 |
(1.6) |
|
2.7 |
(1.0) |
|
3.7 |
(1.4) |
|
Turkey |
99.2 |
(0.6) |
|
0.8 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.8 |
(0.6) |
|
United Kingdom |
93.7 |
(1.1) |
|
6.3 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
6.3 |
(1.1) |
|
United States |
91.2 |
(1.4) |
|
8.8 |
(1.4) |
|
2.1 |
(1.4) |
|
6.7 |
(2.0) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average-28 |
82.2 |
(0.3) |
|
17.8 |
(0.3) |
|
13.1 |
(0.3) |
|
4.7 |
(0.2) |
|
OECD average-30 |
82.2 |
(0.3) |
|
17.8 |
(0.3) |
|
13.1 |
(0.3) |
|
4.7 |
(0.2) |
|
OECD average-37 |
82.7 |
(0.3) |
|
17.3 |
(0.3) |
|
13.0 |
(0.3) |
|
4.3 |
(0.2) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [8/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
PISA 2009 |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
|
Partners |
||||||||||||
Albania |
88.9 |
(2.1) |
|
11.1 |
(2.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
11.1 |
(2.1) |
|
Argentina |
63.9 |
(2.1) |
|
36.1 |
(2.1) |
|
20.9 |
(2.9) |
|
15.2 |
(2.8) |
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Brazil |
87.7 |
(0.6) |
|
12.3 |
(0.6) |
|
4.5 |
(0.9) |
|
7.8 |
(1.1) |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bulgaria |
98.1 |
(0.8) |
|
1.9 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
1.9 |
(0.8) |
|
Costa Rica |
84.6 |
(1.4) |
|
15.4 |
(1.4) |
|
7.6 |
(1.9) |
|
7.8 |
(1.5) |
|
Croatia |
98.1 |
(1.1) |
|
1.9 |
(1.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
1.9 |
(1.1) |
|
Cyprus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Dominican Republic |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Georgia |
94.8 |
(0.7) |
|
5.2 |
(0.7) |
|
2.5 |
(0.7) |
|
2.7 |
(0.4) |
|
Hong Kong (China) |
7.4 |
(0.2) |
|
92.6 |
(0.2) |
|
90.0 |
(1.2) |
|
2.6 |
(1.2) |
|
Indonesia |
57.2 |
(2.8) |
|
42.8 |
(2.8) |
|
15.7 |
(2.3) |
|
27.1 |
(3.1) |
|
Jordan |
81.4 |
(0.7) |
|
18.6 |
(0.7) |
|
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
18.5 |
(0.7) |
|
Kazakhstan |
96.8 |
(1.4) |
|
3.2 |
(1.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
3.2 |
(1.4) |
|
Kosovo |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Lebanon |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Macao (China) |
4.0 |
(0.0) |
|
96.0 |
(0.0) |
|
83.8 |
(0.0) |
|
12.2 |
(0.0) |
|
Malaysia |
98.0 |
(0.3) |
|
2.0 |
(0.3) |
|
1.2 |
(0.3) |
|
0.8 |
(0.0) |
|
Malta |
64.2 |
(0.1) |
|
35.8 |
(0.1) |
|
25.9 |
(0.2) |
|
9.9 |
(0.1) |
|
Moldova |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Montenegro |
99.5 |
(0.0) |
|
0.5 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.5 |
(0.0) |
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Panama |
76.7 |
(2.6) |
|
23.3 |
(2.6) |
|
7.8 |
(2.2) |
|
15.5 |
(3.1) |
|
Peru |
77.9 |
(2.3) |
|
22.1 |
(2.3) |
|
5.9 |
(1.5) |
|
16.2 |
(2.5) |
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Qatar |
68.9 |
(0.1) |
|
31.1 |
(0.1) |
|
11.5 |
(0.1) |
|
19.5 |
(0.1) |
|
Romania |
99.5 |
(0.5) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
Russia |
99.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Serbia |
98.8 |
(0.9) |
|
1.2 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
1.2 |
(0.9) |
|
Singapore |
98.2 |
(0.9) |
|
1.8 |
(0.9) |
|
0.3 |
(0.2) |
|
1.5 |
(1.1) |
|
Chinese Taipei |
63.7 |
(1.1) |
|
36.3 |
(1.1) |
|
5.9 |
(1.7) |
|
30.4 |
(1.9) |
|
Thailand |
82.9 |
(0.7) |
|
17.1 |
(0.7) |
|
12.9 |
(1.5) |
|
4.1 |
(1.5) |
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
United Arab Emirates |
51.6 |
(1.2) |
|
48.4 |
(1.2) |
|
18.0 |
(1.5) |
|
30.4 |
(1.7) |
|
Uruguay |
82.1 |
(0.8) |
|
17.9 |
(0.8) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
17.4 |
(0.9) |
|
Viet Nam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [9/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
PISA 2012 |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
|
OECD |
||||||||||||
Australia |
58.7 |
(0.5) |
|
41.3 |
(0.5) |
|
29.2 |
(0.9) |
|
12.1 |
(0.9) |
|
Austria |
91.4 |
(2.3) |
|
8.6 |
(2.3) |
|
8.6 |
(2.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Belgium |
31.6 |
(2.1) |
|
68.4 |
(2.1) |
|
67.2 |
(2.3) |
|
1.2 |
(0.8) |
|
Canada |
91.9 |
(0.7) |
|
8.1 |
(0.7) |
|
4.7 |
(0.6) |
|
3.5 |
(0.8) |
|
Chile |
36.2 |
(1.5) |
|
63.8 |
(1.5) |
|
49.8 |
(2.7) |
|
14.0 |
(2.2) |
|
Colombia |
84.5 |
(1.3) |
|
15.5 |
(1.3) |
|
5.6 |
(1.0) |
|
9.9 |
(1.4) |
|
Czech Republic |
91.4 |
(1.9) |
|
8.6 |
(1.9) |
|
7.3 |
(1.6) |
|
1.3 |
(0.9) |
|
Denmark |
75.6 |
(1.8) |
|
24.4 |
(1.8) |
|
20.3 |
(2.0) |
|
4.1 |
(1.5) |
|
Estonia |
96.1 |
(1.1) |
|
3.9 |
(1.1) |
|
3.3 |
(1.1) |
|
0.5 |
(0.0) |
|
Finland |
96.8 |
(0.7) |
|
3.2 |
(0.7) |
|
3.2 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
France |
80.4 |
(1.3) |
|
19.6 |
(1.3) |
|
19.6 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Germany |
93.6 |
(1.6) |
|
6.4 |
(1.6) |
|
6.0 |
(1.6) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
Greece |
93.9 |
(1.0) |
|
6.1 |
(1.0) |
|
3.9 |
(1.3) |
|
2.2 |
(0.7) |
|
Hungary |
83.5 |
(2.9) |
|
16.5 |
(2.9) |
|
16.5 |
(2.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Iceland |
99.5 |
(0.1) |
|
0.5 |
(0.1) |
|
0.5 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Ireland |
41.9 |
(0.4) |
|
58.1 |
(0.4) |
|
56.0 |
(1.1) |
|
2.1 |
(1.1) |
|
Israel |
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Italy |
94.6 |
(0.8) |
|
5.4 |
(0.8) |
|
2.6 |
(0.6) |
|
2.8 |
(0.5) |
|
Japan |
70.1 |
(1.2) |
|
29.9 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
29.9 |
(1.2) |
|
Korea |
52.5 |
(4.1) |
|
47.5 |
(4.1) |
|
31.6 |
(3.8) |
|
15.9 |
(3.1) |
|
Latvia |
97.6 |
(1.5) |
|
2.4 |
(1.5) |
|
0.5 |
(0.4) |
|
1.9 |
(1.3) |
|
Lithuania |
98.6 |
(0.7) |
|
1.4 |
(0.7) |
|
1.1 |
(0.6) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
Luxembourg |
84.6 |
(0.1) |
|
15.4 |
(0.1) |
|
13.6 |
(0.1) |
|
1.8 |
(0.0) |
|
Mexico |
88.0 |
(0.8) |
|
12.0 |
(0.8) |
|
3.4 |
(0.5) |
|
8.6 |
(0.8) |
|
Netherlands |
32.4 |
(4.2) |
|
67.6 |
(4.2) |
|
67.6 |
(4.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
New Zealand |
93.8 |
(1.5) |
|
6.2 |
(1.5) |
|
0.9 |
(0.6) |
|
5.3 |
(1.4) |
|
Norway |
98.3 |
(1.0) |
|
1.7 |
(1.0) |
|
1.7 |
(1.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Poland |
97.1 |
(0.4) |
|
2.9 |
(0.4) |
|
1.9 |
(0.4) |
|
1.0 |
(0.2) |
|
Portugal |
89.9 |
(2.0) |
|
10.1 |
(2.0) |
|
5.8 |
(1.9) |
|
4.2 |
(1.4) |
|
Slovak Republic |
91.0 |
(2.4) |
|
9.0 |
(2.4) |
|
8.6 |
(2.5) |
|
0.5 |
(0.3) |
|
Slovenia |
97.6 |
(0.1) |
|
2.4 |
(0.1) |
|
2.4 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Spain |
67.2 |
(0.8) |
|
32.8 |
(0.8) |
|
25.5 |
(1.0) |
|
7.3 |
(1.0) |
|
Sweden |
86.0 |
(0.7) |
|
14.0 |
(0.7) |
|
14.0 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Switzerland |
93.7 |
(1.3) |
|
6.3 |
(1.3) |
|
1.5 |
(0.8) |
|
4.8 |
(1.0) |
|
Turkey |
98.7 |
(0.8) |
|
1.3 |
(0.8) |
|
1.3 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
United Kingdom |
54.8 |
(3.1) |
|
45.2 |
(3.1) |
|
37.6 |
(3.2) |
|
7.6 |
(0.7) |
|
United States |
93.0 |
(0.9) |
|
7.0 |
(0.9) |
|
2.0 |
(0.9) |
|
5.0 |
(0.9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average-28 |
82.8 |
(0.3) |
|
17.2 |
(0.3) |
|
12.9 |
(0.3) |
|
4.4 |
(0.2) |
|
OECD average-30 |
82.8 |
(0.3) |
|
17.2 |
(0.3) |
|
12.9 |
(0.3) |
|
4.4 |
(0.2) |
|
OECD average-37 |
82.2 |
(0.3) |
|
17.8 |
(0.3) |
|
13.8 |
(0.3) |
|
4.0 |
(0.2) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [10/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
PISA 2012 |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
|
Partners |
||||||||||||
Albania |
91.7 |
(2.1) |
|
8.3 |
(2.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
8.3 |
(2.1) |
|
Argentina |
66.4 |
(2.1) |
|
33.6 |
(2.1) |
|
27.0 |
(2.9) |
|
6.6 |
(2.1) |
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Brazil |
82.9 |
(0.9) |
|
17.1 |
(0.9) |
|
5.4 |
(1.3) |
|
11.7 |
(1.3) |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bulgaria |
98.8 |
(0.9) |
|
1.2 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
1.2 |
(0.9) |
|
Costa Rica |
84.9 |
(1.3) |
|
15.1 |
(1.3) |
|
5.8 |
(1.4) |
|
9.3 |
(1.5) |
|
Croatia |
98.2 |
(1.1) |
|
1.8 |
(1.1) |
|
0.8 |
(0.8) |
|
0.9 |
(0.7) |
|
Cyprus |
82.5 |
(0.0) |
|
17.5 |
(0.0) |
|
1.6 |
(0.0) |
|
15.9 |
(0.0) |
|
Dominican Republic |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Georgia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Hong Kong (China) |
6.7 |
(0.2) |
|
93.3 |
(0.2) |
|
92.1 |
(0.7) |
|
1.1 |
(0.7) |
|
Indonesia |
58.1 |
(2.6) |
|
41.9 |
(2.6) |
|
18.5 |
(2.4) |
|
23.4 |
(2.7) |
|
Jordan |
83.3 |
(1.5) |
|
16.7 |
(1.5) |
|
0.9 |
(0.6) |
|
15.8 |
(1.2) |
|
Kazakhstan |
97.2 |
(1.0) |
|
2.8 |
(1.0) |
|
0.7 |
(0.5) |
|
2.1 |
(0.9) |
|
Kosovo |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Lebanon |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Macao (China) |
4.2 |
(0.0) |
|
95.8 |
(0.0) |
|
81.3 |
(0.0) |
|
14.5 |
(0.0) |
|
Malaysia |
95.9 |
(1.0) |
|
4.1 |
(1.0) |
|
0.7 |
(0.7) |
|
3.3 |
(0.7) |
|
Malta |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Moldova |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Montenegro |
99.6 |
(0.0) |
|
0.4 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.4 |
(0.0) |
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Peru |
76.5 |
(1.8) |
|
23.5 |
(1.8) |
|
10.3 |
(2.2) |
|
13.2 |
(1.8) |
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Qatar |
61.9 |
(0.1) |
|
38.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.9 |
(0.0) |
|
37.2 |
(0.1) |
|
Romania |
99.4 |
(0.6) |
|
0.6 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.6 |
(0.6) |
|
Russia |
99.4 |
(0.6) |
|
0.6 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.6 |
(0.6) |
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Serbia |
99.6 |
(0.4) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
Singapore |
97.6 |
(0.7) |
|
2.4 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
2.4 |
(0.7) |
|
Chinese Taipei |
64.8 |
(0.8) |
|
35.2 |
(0.8) |
|
8.5 |
(1.7) |
|
26.7 |
(2.0) |
|
Thailand |
83.5 |
(0.6) |
|
16.5 |
(0.6) |
|
11.6 |
(1.5) |
|
4.9 |
(1.3) |
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
United Arab Emirates |
44.1 |
(0.8) |
|
55.9 |
(0.8) |
|
19.6 |
(2.1) |
|
36.3 |
(2.2) |
|
Uruguay |
83.3 |
(1.2) |
|
16.7 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
16.7 |
(1.2) |
|
Viet Nam |
91.8 |
(1.3) |
|
8.2 |
(1.3) |
|
0.8 |
(0.6) |
|
7.4 |
(1.1) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [11/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
PISA 2015 |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
|
OECD |
||||||||||||
Australia |
56.3 |
(0.8) |
|
43.7 |
(0.8) |
|
28.8 |
(1.3) |
|
14.9 |
(1.0) |
|
Austria |
87.4 |
(2.2) |
|
12.6 |
(2.2) |
|
12.6 |
(2.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Belgium |
45.5 |
(5.0) |
‡ |
54.5 |
(5.0) |
‡ |
54.5 |
(5.0) |
‡ |
0.0 |
c |
‡ |
Canada |
90.3 |
(1.0) |
|
9.7 |
(1.0) |
|
4.8 |
(1.2) |
|
4.9 |
(1.0) |
|
Chile |
36.9 |
(1.6) |
|
63.1 |
(1.6) |
|
53.1 |
(2.3) |
|
10.0 |
(1.8) |
|
Colombia |
75.9 |
(1.8) |
|
24.1 |
(1.8) |
|
5.9 |
(1.7) |
|
18.2 |
(2.0) |
|
Czech Republic |
91.8 |
(1.4) |
|
8.2 |
(1.4) |
|
7.6 |
(1.4) |
|
0.5 |
(0.4) |
|
Denmark |
76.8 |
(2.3) |
|
23.2 |
(2.3) |
|
20.5 |
(2.5) |
|
2.7 |
(1.2) |
|
Estonia |
95.8 |
(1.0) |
|
4.2 |
(1.0) |
|
3.3 |
(1.0) |
|
0.9 |
(0.4) |
|
Finland |
95.5 |
(1.5) |
|
4.5 |
(1.5) |
|
4.5 |
(1.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
France |
79.0 |
(1.3) |
|
21.0 |
(1.3) |
|
14.8 |
(1.6) |
|
6.2 |
(1.4) |
|
Germany |
92.7 |
(1.6) |
|
7.3 |
(1.6) |
|
6.8 |
(1.6) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
Greece |
95.1 |
(0.7) |
|
4.9 |
(0.7) |
|
0.8 |
(0.8) |
|
4.1 |
(0.4) |
|
Hungary |
82.0 |
(2.3) |
|
18.0 |
(2.3) |
|
15.7 |
(2.1) |
|
2.3 |
(1.2) |
|
Iceland |
99.4 |
(0.1) |
|
0.6 |
(0.1) |
|
0.6 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Ireland |
42.7 |
(1.0) |
|
57.3 |
(1.0) |
|
54.7 |
(1.3) |
|
2.7 |
(1.1) |
|
Israel |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Italy |
95.9 |
(1.1) |
† |
4.1 |
(1.1) |
† |
1.5 |
(0.7) |
† |
2.6 |
(0.9) |
† |
Japan |
68.2 |
(1.0) |
|
31.8 |
(1.0) |
|
3.7 |
(1.2) |
|
28.1 |
(1.4) |
|
Korea |
65.3 |
(3.8) |
|
34.7 |
(3.8) |
|
23.2 |
(3.3) |
|
11.4 |
(2.6) |
|
Latvia |
98.0 |
(0.7) |
|
2.0 |
(0.7) |
|
0.7 |
(0.4) |
|
1.2 |
(0.5) |
|
Lithuania |
97.7 |
(1.1) |
|
2.3 |
(1.1) |
|
1.7 |
(0.7) |
|
0.6 |
(0.8) |
|
Luxembourg |
84.4 |
(0.1) |
|
15.6 |
(0.1) |
|
13.3 |
(0.1) |
|
2.3 |
(0.0) |
|
Mexico |
87.5 |
(1.4) |
|
12.5 |
(1.4) |
|
3.1 |
(1.1) |
|
9.4 |
(1.5) |
|
Netherlands |
39.9 |
(4.6) |
† |
60.1 |
(4.6) |
† |
60.1 |
(4.6) |
† |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
† |
New Zealand |
93.4 |
(1.2) |
|
6.6 |
(1.2) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
6.5 |
(1.3) |
|
Norway |
98.1 |
(1.0) |
|
1.9 |
(1.0) |
|
1.9 |
(1.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Poland |
96.5 |
(1.0) |
|
3.5 |
(1.0) |
|
2.3 |
(1.0) |
|
1.2 |
(0.8) |
|
Portugal |
94.5 |
(0.6) |
|
5.5 |
(0.6) |
|
1.8 |
(0.7) |
|
3.7 |
(0.6) |
|
Slovak Republic |
88.4 |
(2.1) |
|
11.6 |
(2.1) |
|
11.6 |
(2.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Slovenia |
97.4 |
(0.0) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Spain |
68.7 |
(1.2) |
|
31.3 |
(1.2) |
|
25.5 |
(1.6) |
|
5.7 |
(1.3) |
|
Sweden |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Switzerland |
93.9 |
(1.0) |
|
6.1 |
(1.0) |
|
2.7 |
(0.8) |
|
3.3 |
(0.9) |
|
Turkey |
95.2 |
(2.1) |
|
4.8 |
(2.1) |
|
1.7 |
(1.6) |
|
3.1 |
(1.4) |
|
United Kingdom |
44.0 |
(2.5) |
|
56.0 |
(2.5) |
|
50.6 |
(2.5) |
|
5.5 |
(1.7) |
|
United States |
92.3 |
(1.3) |
|
7.7 |
(1.3) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
7.5 |
(1.3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average-28 |
82.5 |
(0.3) |
|
17.5 |
(0.3) |
|
12.5 |
(0.3) |
|
5.0 |
(0.2) |
|
OECD average-30 |
82.5 |
(0.3) |
|
17.5 |
(0.3) |
|
12.5 |
(0.3) |
|
5.0 |
(0.2) |
|
OECD average-37 |
81.5 |
(0.3) |
|
18.5 |
(0.3) |
|
13.8 |
(0.3) |
|
4.7 |
(0.2) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [12/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
PISA 2015 |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
|
Partners |
||||||||||||
Albania |
88.4 |
(1.8) |
|
11.6 |
(1.8) |
|
1.9 |
(1.1) |
|
9.8 |
(2.6) |
|
Argentina |
78.5 |
(1.7) |
|
21.5 |
(1.7) |
|
16.0 |
(2.0) |
|
5.5 |
(1.6) |
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Brazil |
85.5 |
(1.4) |
|
14.5 |
(1.4) |
|
3.8 |
(1.0) |
|
10.7 |
(1.3) |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bulgaria |
98.8 |
(0.8) |
|
1.2 |
(0.8) |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
Costa Rica |
87.6 |
(2.3) |
|
12.4 |
(2.3) |
|
3.7 |
(1.2) |
|
8.7 |
(1.9) |
|
Croatia |
97.7 |
(1.1) |
|
2.3 |
(1.1) |
|
2.2 |
(1.2) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
Cyprus |
84.0 |
(0.1) |
|
16.0 |
(0.1) |
|
5.8 |
(0.1) |
|
10.3 |
(0.1) |
|
Dominican Republic |
77.7 |
(1.8) |
|
22.3 |
(1.8) |
|
6.1 |
(2.1) |
|
16.2 |
(1.8) |
|
Georgia |
92.6 |
(0.8) |
|
7.4 |
(0.8) |
|
3.5 |
(0.9) |
|
4.0 |
(1.1) |
|
Hong Kong (China) |
6.5 |
(0.3) |
|
93.5 |
(0.3) |
|
93.5 |
(0.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Indonesia |
59.2 |
(1.5) |
|
40.8 |
(1.5) |
|
26.8 |
(2.1) |
|
14.0 |
(2.5) |
|
Jordan |
80.0 |
(1.1) |
|
20.0 |
(1.1) |
|
1.5 |
(0.8) |
|
18.5 |
(1.3) |
|
Kazakhstan |
96.0 |
(1.3) |
|
4.0 |
(1.3) |
|
1.2 |
(0.8) |
|
2.9 |
(1.1) |
|
Kosovo |
97.5 |
(0.5) |
|
2.5 |
(0.5) |
|
0.2 |
(0.3) |
|
2.2 |
(0.4) |
|
Lebanon |
49.7 |
(1.6) |
|
50.3 |
(1.6) |
|
15.3 |
(2.4) |
|
35.0 |
(2.4) |
|
Macao (China) |
2.7 |
(0.0) |
|
97.3 |
(0.0) |
|
83.2 |
(0.1) |
|
14.0 |
(0.0) |
|
Malaysia |
94.4 |
(0.7) |
|
5.6 |
(0.7) |
|
1.2 |
(0.9) |
|
4.5 |
(0.7) |
|
Malta |
58.2 |
(0.1) |
|
41.8 |
(0.1) |
|
28.0 |
(0.1) |
|
13.8 |
(0.1) |
|
Moldova |
98.5 |
(0.9) |
|
1.5 |
(0.9) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
1.1 |
(0.7) |
|
Montenegro |
99.4 |
(0.0) |
|
0.6 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.6 |
(0.0) |
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
North Macedonia |
98.1 |
(0.0) |
|
1.9 |
(0.0) |
|
1.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.9 |
(0.0) |
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Peru |
68.6 |
(1.8) |
|
31.4 |
(1.8) |
|
7.3 |
(1.5) |
|
24.1 |
(1.7) |
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Qatar |
58.2 |
(0.1) |
|
41.8 |
(0.1) |
|
7.3 |
(0.0) |
|
34.5 |
(0.1) |
|
Romania |
98.9 |
(0.8) |
|
1.1 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
1.1 |
(0.8) |
|
Russia |
99.0 |
(0.7) |
|
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
0.6 |
(0.6) |
|
0.5 |
(0.3) |
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Serbia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Singapore |
91.6 |
(0.7) |
|
8.4 |
(0.7) |
|
3.1 |
(0.8) |
|
5.2 |
(1.3) |
|
Chinese Taipei |
66.2 |
(0.9) |
|
33.8 |
(0.9) |
|
8.0 |
(1.8) |
|
25.8 |
(2.1) |
|
Thailand |
85.2 |
(0.7) |
|
14.8 |
(0.7) |
|
10.4 |
(1.2) |
|
4.4 |
(1.4) |
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
United Arab Emirates |
42.6 |
(1.3) |
|
57.4 |
(1.3) |
|
10.6 |
(2.4) |
|
46.8 |
(2.4) |
|
Uruguay |
84.6 |
(0.8) |
|
15.4 |
(0.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
15.4 |
(0.8) |
|
Viet Nam |
95.9 |
(1.0) |
|
4.1 |
(1.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
4.1 |
(1.0) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [13/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
PISA 2018 |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
|
OECD |
||||||||||||
Australia |
57.6 |
(0.6) |
|
42.4 |
(0.6) |
|
28.2 |
(1.1) |
|
14.2 |
(1.0) |
|
Austria |
87.6 |
(2.4) |
|
12.4 |
(2.4) |
|
10.8 |
(2.3) |
|
1.6 |
(0.7) |
|
Belgium |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Canada |
91.8 |
(0.6) |
|
8.2 |
(0.6) |
|
3.4 |
(0.6) |
|
4.8 |
(0.6) |
|
Chile |
34.0 |
(1.5) |
|
66.0 |
(1.5) |
|
56.2 |
(2.3) |
|
9.8 |
(1.9) |
|
Colombia |
81.4 |
(1.4) |
|
18.6 |
(1.4) |
|
1.4 |
(0.7) |
|
17.2 |
(1.3) |
|
Czech Republic |
93.6 |
(1.2) |
|
6.4 |
(1.2) |
|
5.8 |
(1.1) |
|
0.6 |
(0.4) |
|
Denmark |
72.0 |
(1.9) |
|
28.0 |
(1.9) |
|
21.7 |
(2.2) |
|
6.3 |
(1.5) |
|
Estonia |
96.1 |
(1.2) |
|
3.9 |
(1.2) |
|
2.3 |
(0.8) |
|
1.6 |
(0.8) |
|
Finland |
95.9 |
(0.9) |
|
4.1 |
(0.9) |
|
4.1 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
France |
80.0 |
(1.3) |
|
20.0 |
(1.3) |
|
11.7 |
(1.6) |
|
8.3 |
(1.4) |
|
Germany |
96.1 |
(1.6) |
|
3.9 |
(1.6) |
|
3.4 |
(1.5) |
|
0.6 |
(0.6) |
|
Greece |
94.9 |
(0.7) |
|
5.1 |
(0.7) |
|
1.4 |
(0.5) |
|
3.7 |
(0.9) |
|
Hungary |
79.4 |
(2.5) |
|
20.6 |
(2.5) |
|
19.3 |
(2.5) |
|
1.2 |
(0.8) |
|
Iceland |
99.2 |
(0.0) |
|
0.8 |
(0.0) |
|
0.8 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Ireland |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Israel |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Italy |
96.4 |
(0.9) |
|
3.6 |
(0.9) |
|
1.7 |
(0.7) |
|
1.9 |
(0.6) |
|
Japan |
66.3 |
(0.6) |
|
33.7 |
(0.6) |
|
3.6 |
(1.3) |
|
30.1 |
(1.5) |
|
Korea |
60.6 |
(3.6) |
|
39.4 |
(3.6) |
|
35.5 |
(3.6) |
|
3.9 |
(1.5) |
|
Latvia |
98.5 |
(0.5) |
|
1.5 |
(0.5) |
|
0.8 |
(0.5) |
|
0.7 |
(0.4) |
|
Lithuania |
95.8 |
(0.4) |
|
4.2 |
(0.4) |
|
3.0 |
(0.4) |
|
1.2 |
(0.4) |
|
Luxembourg |
82.3 |
(0.1) |
|
17.7 |
(0.1) |
|
15.1 |
(0.1) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
Mexico |
87.9 |
(1.0) |
|
12.1 |
(1.0) |
|
4.2 |
(1.0) |
|
7.9 |
(1.3) |
|
Netherlands |
36.5 |
(4.4) |
|
63.5 |
(4.4) |
|
63.4 |
(4.4) |
|
0.1 |
(0.2) |
|
New Zealand |
94.2 |
(0.5) |
|
5.8 |
(0.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
5.8 |
(0.5) |
|
Norway |
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
Poland |
95.5 |
(0.7) |
|
4.5 |
(0.7) |
|
3.6 |
(0.9) |
|
0.9 |
(0.5) |
|
Portugal |
86.6 |
(1.8) |
|
13.4 |
(1.8) |
|
8.8 |
(1.6) |
|
4.6 |
(1.3) |
|
Slovak Republic |
87.7 |
(2.2) |
|
12.3 |
(2.2) |
|
11.8 |
(2.1) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
Slovenia |
97.5 |
(0.1) |
|
2.5 |
(0.1) |
|
2.5 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Spain |
67.7 |
(0.8) |
|
32.3 |
(0.8) |
|
27.0 |
(1.0) |
|
5.3 |
(0.8) |
|
Sweden |
80.7 |
(1.5) |
|
19.3 |
(1.5) |
|
19.2 |
(1.6) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
Switzerland |
95.5 |
(1.0) |
|
4.5 |
(1.0) |
|
0.7 |
(0.4) |
|
3.8 |
(1.0) |
|
Turkey |
87.9 |
(2.8) |
|
12.1 |
(2.8) |
|
1.1 |
(1.1) |
|
11.0 |
(2.6) |
|
United Kingdom |
34.0 |
(2.2) |
|
66.0 |
(2.2) |
|
59.8 |
(2.6) |
|
6.2 |
(1.4) |
|
United States |
93.0 |
(1.3) |
|
7.0 |
(1.3) |
|
2.2 |
(1.5) |
|
4.8 |
(1.6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average-28 |
83.7 |
(0.3) |
|
16.3 |
(0.3) |
|
11.0 |
(0.3) |
|
5.3 |
(0.2) |
|
OECD average-30 |
83.7 |
(0.3) |
|
16.3 |
(0.3) |
|
11.0 |
(0.3) |
|
5.3 |
(0.2) |
|
OECD average-37 |
81.9 |
(0.3) |
|
18.1 |
(0.3) |
|
13.2 |
(0.3) |
|
4.9 |
(0.2) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [14/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
PISA 2018 |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
|
Partners |
||||||||||||
Albania |
88.8 |
(0.8) |
|
11.2 |
(0.8) |
|
1.5 |
(0.8) |
|
9.7 |
(1.0) |
|
Argentina |
68.4 |
(1.2) |
|
31.6 |
(1.2) |
|
24.8 |
(1.9) |
|
6.8 |
(1.6) |
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
99.5 |
(0.2) |
† |
0.5 |
(0.2) |
† |
0.3 |
(0.0) |
† |
0.2 |
(0.2) |
† |
Belarus |
99.6 |
(0.4) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
99.0 |
(0.6) |
|
1.0 |
(0.6) |
|
0.3 |
(0.3) |
|
0.7 |
(0.5) |
|
Brazil |
85.0 |
(1.0) |
|
15.0 |
(1.0) |
|
4.1 |
(1.0) |
|
10.9 |
(1.3) |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
84.3 |
(0.0) |
|
15.7 |
(0.0) |
|
3.5 |
(0.0) |
|
12.1 |
(0.0) |
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
85.7 |
(2.1) |
|
14.3 |
(2.1) |
|
0.3 |
(0.2) |
|
14.0 |
(2.2) |
|
Bulgaria |
99.0 |
(0.7) |
|
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
Costa Rica |
86.2 |
(1.1) |
|
13.8 |
(1.1) |
|
0.7 |
(0.5) |
|
13.1 |
(1.1) |
|
Croatia |
97.6 |
(1.0) |
|
2.4 |
(1.0) |
|
1.5 |
(0.9) |
|
0.9 |
(0.5) |
|
Cyprus |
83.3 |
(0.1) |
|
16.7 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
16.7 |
(0.1) |
|
Dominican Republic |
83.1 |
(1.6) |
|
16.9 |
(1.6) |
|
6.0 |
(1.8) |
|
10.9 |
(1.4) |
|
Georgia |
89.3 |
(0.9) |
|
10.7 |
(0.9) |
|
1.1 |
(0.5) |
|
9.5 |
(1.0) |
|
Hong Kong (China) |
8.6 |
(0.4) |
|
91.4 |
(0.4) |
|
91.1 |
(0.5) |
|
0.3 |
(0.3) |
|
Indonesia |
53.5 |
(3.0) |
|
46.5 |
(3.0) |
|
30.0 |
(3.7) |
|
16.6 |
(3.9) |
|
Jordan |
78.9 |
(1.1) |
|
21.1 |
(1.1) |
|
1.4 |
(0.6) |
|
19.6 |
(1.2) |
|
Kazakhstan |
91.7 |
(1.3) |
|
8.3 |
(1.3) |
|
2.3 |
(0.9) |
|
6.0 |
(1.2) |
|
Kosovo |
99.2 |
(0.4) |
|
0.8 |
(0.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.8 |
(0.4) |
|
Lebanon |
48.4 |
(1.3) |
|
51.6 |
(1.3) |
|
31.2 |
(2.2) |
|
20.4 |
(2.3) |
|
Macao (China) |
5.7 |
(0.0) |
|
94.3 |
(0.0) |
|
85.3 |
(0.0) |
|
9.0 |
(0.0) |
|
Malaysia |
93.8 |
(0.8) |
|
6.2 |
(0.8) |
|
0.5 |
(0.7) |
|
5.7 |
(0.8) |
|
Malta |
54.9 |
(0.1) |
|
45.1 |
(0.1) |
|
31.4 |
(0.1) |
|
13.7 |
(0.1) |
|
Moldova |
99.3 |
(0.6) |
|
0.7 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.7 |
(0.6) |
|
Montenegro |
99.8 |
(0.0) |
|
0.2 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.2 |
(0.0) |
|
Morocco |
92.7 |
(1.5) |
|
7.3 |
(1.5) |
|
3.0 |
(1.3) |
|
4.3 |
(1.2) |
|
North Macedonia |
98.7 |
(0.0) |
|
1.3 |
(0.0) |
|
0.6 |
(0.0) |
|
0.7 |
(0.0) |
|
Panama |
81.9 |
(2.2) |
|
18.1 |
(2.2) |
|
7.2 |
(1.8) |
|
10.8 |
(2.5) |
|
Peru |
75.2 |
(1.4) |
|
24.8 |
(1.4) |
|
0.3 |
(0.3) |
|
24.6 |
(1.4) |
|
Philippines |
82.3 |
(1.7) |
|
17.7 |
(1.7) |
|
10.6 |
(1.8) |
|
7.1 |
(1.6) |
|
Qatar |
57.3 |
(0.1) |
|
42.7 |
(0.1) |
|
1.5 |
(0.0) |
|
41.2 |
(0.1) |
|
Romania |
98.0 |
(1.4) |
|
2.0 |
(1.4) |
|
1.4 |
(1.2) |
|
0.7 |
(0.7) |
|
Russia |
100.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Saudi Arabia |
86.7 |
(1.4) |
|
13.3 |
(1.4) |
|
5.8 |
(1.6) |
|
7.5 |
(1.7) |
|
Serbia |
96.8 |
(1.7) |
|
3.2 |
(1.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
3.2 |
(1.7) |
|
Singapore |
90.5 |
(0.7) |
|
9.5 |
(0.7) |
|
3.0 |
(0.4) |
|
6.6 |
(0.9) |
|
Chinese Taipei |
68.4 |
(0.9) |
|
31.6 |
(0.9) |
|
14.0 |
(2.2) |
|
17.6 |
(2.1) |
|
Thailand |
84.0 |
(1.5) |
|
16.0 |
(1.5) |
|
8.5 |
(1.8) |
|
7.4 |
(1.6) |
|
Ukraine |
99.2 |
(0.6) |
|
0.8 |
(0.6) |
|
0.4 |
(0.5) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
United Arab Emirates |
38.0 |
(0.6) |
|
62.0 |
(0.6) |
|
23.8 |
(1.5) |
|
38.2 |
(1.6) |
|
Uruguay |
84.1 |
(1.1) |
|
15.9 |
(1.1) |
|
0.5 |
(0.6) |
|
15.3 |
(1.3) |
|
Viet Nam |
95.0 |
(1.1) |
|
5.0 |
(1.1) |
|
1.0 |
(0.9) |
|
4.0 |
(0.7) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [15/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
Change between 2000 and 2018 (PISA 2018 – PISA 2000) |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
|
OECD |
||||||||||||
Australia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Austria |
0.2 |
(3.6) |
|
-0.2 |
(3.6) |
|
5.0 |
(3.0) |
|
-5.2 |
(2.2) |
|
Belgium |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Canada |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Chile |
-20.5 |
(2.1) |
|
20.5 |
(2.1) |
|
24.8 |
(3.3) |
|
-4.3 |
(2.5) |
|
Colombia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Czech Republic |
-0.4 |
(2.0) |
|
0.4 |
(2.0) |
|
1.6 |
(1.7) |
|
-1.2 |
(1.0) |
|
Denmark |
-3.3 |
(3.0) |
|
3.3 |
(3.0) |
|
-2.3 |
(3.2) |
|
5.6 |
(1.6) |
|
Estonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Finland |
-1.3 |
(1.6) |
|
1.3 |
(1.6) |
|
1.3 |
(1.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
France |
1.6 |
(3.6) |
|
-1.6 |
(3.6) |
|
-2.1 |
(3.2) |
|
0.5 |
(2.7) |
|
Germany |
0.5 |
(2.1) |
|
-0.5 |
(2.1) |
|
-0.6 |
(2.0) |
|
0.1 |
(0.7) |
|
Greece |
2.1 |
(1.7) |
|
-2.1 |
(1.7) |
|
1.4 |
(0.5) |
|
-3.5 |
(1.8) |
|
Hungary |
-15.2 |
(3.1) |
|
15.2 |
(3.1) |
|
15.0 |
(2.9) |
|
0.3 |
(1.1) |
|
Iceland |
0.0 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
(0.1) |
|
0.8 |
(0.0) |
|
-0.8 |
(0.0) |
|
Ireland |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Israel |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Italy |
2.1 |
(1.7) |
|
-2.1 |
(1.7) |
|
1.7 |
(0.7) |
|
-3.9 |
(1.6) |
|
Japan |
-3.5 |
(1.1) |
|
3.5 |
(1.1) |
|
2.2 |
(1.6) |
|
1.4 |
(2.0) |
|
Korea |
12.9 |
(5.6) |
|
-12.9 |
(5.6) |
|
35.5 |
(3.6) |
|
-48.4 |
(4.5) |
|
Latvia |
-0.8 |
(0.9) |
|
0.8 |
(0.9) |
|
0.1 |
(0.9) |
|
0.7 |
(0.4) |
|
Lithuania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Luxembourg |
-5.6 |
(0.1) |
|
5.6 |
(0.1) |
|
3.0 |
(0.1) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
Mexico |
3.4 |
(3.0) |
|
-3.4 |
(3.0) |
|
4.2 |
(1.0) |
|
-7.5 |
(3.1) |
|
Netherlands |
10.0 |
(6.5) |
|
-10.0 |
(6.5) |
|
4.6 |
(6.7) |
|
-14.5 |
(4.4) |
|
New Zealand |
-1.2 |
(0.7) |
|
1.2 |
(0.7) |
|
-0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
1.3 |
(0.7) |
|
Norway |
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
Poland |
-1.6 |
(1.5) |
|
1.6 |
(1.5) |
|
3.6 |
(0.9) |
|
-2.0 |
(1.4) |
|
Portugal |
-6.1 |
(1.9) |
|
6.1 |
(1.9) |
|
3.0 |
(1.9) |
|
3.2 |
(1.5) |
|
Slovak Republic |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Slovenia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Spain |
7.0 |
(1.8) |
|
-7.0 |
(1.8) |
|
-0.5 |
(3.4) |
|
-6.5 |
(2.6) |
|
Sweden |
-15.9 |
(1.7) |
|
15.9 |
(1.7) |
|
18.0 |
(1.6) |
|
-2.1 |
(0.7) |
|
Switzerland |
1.9 |
(2.0) |
|
-1.9 |
(2.0) |
|
-1.0 |
(0.9) |
|
-0.9 |
(1.8) |
|
Turkey |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
United Kingdom |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
United States |
-0.4 |
(3.0) |
|
0.4 |
(3.0) |
|
2.2 |
(1.5) |
|
-1.8 |
(3.2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average-28 |
-1.8 |
(0.5) |
|
1.8 |
(0.5) |
|
5.2 |
(0.4) |
|
-3.4 |
(0.4) |
|
OECD average-30 |
-1.8 |
(0.5) |
|
1.8 |
(0.5) |
|
5.2 |
(0.4) |
|
-3.4 |
(0.4) |
|
OECD average-37 |
-1.4 |
(0.6) |
|
1.4 |
(0.6) |
|
5.0 |
(0.5) |
|
-3.6 |
(0.4) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [16/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
Change between 2000 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2000) |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
|
Partners |
||||||||||||
Albania |
-7.4 |
(1.1) |
|
7.4 |
(1.1) |
|
1.5 |
(0.8) |
|
5.9 |
(1.3) |
|
Argentina |
6.8 |
(7.6) |
|
-6.8 |
(7.6) |
|
4.3 |
(8.5) |
|
-11.1 |
(5.3) |
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Brazil |
-1.9 |
(1.9) |
|
1.9 |
(1.9) |
|
4.1 |
(1.0) |
|
-2.2 |
(2.1) |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bulgaria |
-0.5 |
(0.9) |
|
0.5 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.5 |
(0.9) |
|
Costa Rica |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Croatia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Cyprus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Dominican Republic |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Georgia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Hong Kong (China) |
-86.5 |
(1.0) |
|
86.5 |
(1.0) |
|
86.7 |
(0.8) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.5) |
|
Indonesia |
-0.1 |
(6.2) |
|
0.1 |
(6.2) |
|
29.8 |
(3.7) |
|
-29.7 |
(6.6) |
|
Jordan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Kazakhstan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Kosovo |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Lebanon |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Macao (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Malta |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Moldova |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Montenegro |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
North Macedonia |
-0.9 |
(0.0) |
|
0.9 |
(0.0) |
|
0.6 |
(0.0) |
|
0.3 |
(0.0) |
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Peru |
-9.8 |
(2.1) |
|
9.8 |
(2.1) |
|
0.3 |
(0.3) |
|
9.5 |
(2.0) |
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Qatar |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Romania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Russia |
0.0 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Serbia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Singapore |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Chinese Taipei |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Thailand |
3.3 |
(2.6) |
|
-3.3 |
(2.6) |
|
6.7 |
(2.0) |
|
-10.0 |
(3.2) |
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
United Arab Emirates |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Uruguay |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Viet Nam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [17/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
Change between 2003 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2003) |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
|
OECD |
||||||||||||
Australia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Austria |
-4.4 |
(3.0) |
|
4.4 |
(3.0) |
|
2.8 |
(3.0) |
|
1.6 |
(0.7) |
|
Belgium |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Canada |
-1.4 |
(1.1) |
|
1.4 |
(1.1) |
|
-1.6 |
(1.1) |
|
3.0 |
(0.7) |
|
Chile |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Colombia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Czech Republic |
0.3 |
(2.1) |
|
-0.3 |
(2.1) |
|
0.0 |
(2.0) |
|
-0.3 |
(0.7) |
|
Denmark |
-6.3 |
(3.1) |
|
6.3 |
(3.1) |
|
0.5 |
(3.4) |
|
5.8 |
(1.6) |
|
Estonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Finland |
2.6 |
(1.8) |
|
-2.6 |
(1.8) |
|
-2.6 |
(1.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
France |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Germany |
3.8 |
(2.3) |
|
-3.8 |
(2.3) |
|
-4.0 |
(2.3) |
|
0.2 |
(0.7) |
|
Greece |
-1.0 |
(2.2) |
|
1.0 |
(2.2) |
|
-0.1 |
(1.4) |
|
1.1 |
(2.1) |
|
Hungary |
-9.1 |
(3.5) |
|
9.1 |
(3.5) |
|
9.0 |
(3.4) |
|
0.0 |
(1.1) |
|
Iceland |
-0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
0.4 |
(0.1) |
|
0.8 |
(0.0) |
|
-0.5 |
(0.1) |
|
Ireland |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Israel |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Italy |
1.1 |
(1.6) |
|
-1.1 |
(1.6) |
|
0.4 |
(0.9) |
|
-1.5 |
(1.4) |
|
Japan |
-6.4 |
(1.6) |
|
6.4 |
(1.6) |
|
2.4 |
(1.5) |
|
4.0 |
(2.4) |
|
Korea |
16.5 |
(5.1) |
|
-16.5 |
(5.1) |
|
0.3 |
(5.3) |
|
-16.8 |
(3.5) |
|
Latvia |
-0.6 |
(0.9) |
|
0.6 |
(0.9) |
|
0.8 |
(0.5) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.8) |
|
Lithuania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Luxembourg |
-3.5 |
(0.1) |
|
3.5 |
(0.1) |
|
0.9 |
(0.1) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
Mexico |
3.4 |
(2.6) |
|
-3.4 |
(2.6) |
|
0.3 |
(2.1) |
|
-3.7 |
(2.1) |
|
Netherlands |
13.6 |
(6.0) |
|
-13.6 |
(6.0) |
|
-13.7 |
(6.0) |
|
0.1 |
(0.2) |
|
New Zealand |
-1.1 |
(0.5) |
|
1.1 |
(0.5) |
|
-0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
1.5 |
(0.7) |
|
Norway |
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
Poland |
-3.7 |
(0.8) |
|
3.7 |
(0.8) |
|
3.2 |
(1.0) |
|
0.5 |
(0.6) |
|
Portugal |
-7.2 |
(2.2) |
|
7.2 |
(2.2) |
|
4.6 |
(2.0) |
|
2.5 |
(1.8) |
|
Slovak Republic |
0.1 |
(3.5) |
|
-0.1 |
(3.5) |
|
-0.6 |
(3.4) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
Slovenia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Spain |
5.5 |
(1.7) |
|
-5.5 |
(1.7) |
|
-3.4 |
(2.3) |
|
-2.1 |
(1.9) |
|
Sweden |
-14.8 |
(1.6) |
|
14.8 |
(1.6) |
|
14.8 |
(1.7) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
Switzerland |
1.1 |
(1.7) |
|
-1.1 |
(1.7) |
|
-1.1 |
(1.2) |
|
0.0 |
(1.2) |
|
Turkey |
-8.7 |
(3.1) |
|
8.7 |
(3.1) |
|
-1.3 |
(2.0) |
|
10.0 |
(2.8) |
|
United Kingdom |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
United States |
-1.0 |
(1.7) |
|
1.0 |
(1.7) |
|
1.5 |
(1.6) |
|
-0.6 |
(1.9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average-28 |
-1.4 |
(0.5) |
|
1.4 |
(0.5) |
|
1.2 |
(0.5) |
|
0.2 |
(0.3) |
|
OECD average-30 |
-1.4 |
(0.5) |
|
1.4 |
(0.5) |
|
1.2 |
(0.5) |
|
0.2 |
(0.3) |
|
OECD average-37 |
-0.9 |
(0.5) |
|
0.9 |
(0.5) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
0.3 |
(0.3) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [18/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
Change between 2003 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2003) |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
|
Partners |
||||||||||||
Albania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Argentina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Brazil |
0.4 |
(2.3) |
|
-0.4 |
(2.3) |
|
-0.2 |
(1.8) |
|
-0.2 |
(2.5) |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bulgaria |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Costa Rica |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Croatia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Cyprus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Dominican Republic |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Georgia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Hong Kong (China) |
-0.9 |
(0.5) |
|
0.9 |
(0.5) |
|
1.6 |
(1.0) |
|
-0.7 |
(0.8) |
|
Indonesia |
-0.3 |
(3.8) |
|
0.3 |
(3.8) |
|
25.6 |
(4.0) |
|
-25.2 |
(4.7) |
|
Jordan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Kazakhstan |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Kosovo |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Lebanon |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Macao (China) |
1.0 |
(0.1) |
|
-1.0 |
(0.1) |
|
33.8 |
(0.2) |
|
-34.8 |
(0.2) |
|
Malaysia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Malta |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Moldova |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Montenegro |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
North Macedonia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Peru |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Qatar |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Romania |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Russia |
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Serbia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Singapore |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Chinese Taipei |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Thailand |
-4.0 |
(1.9) |
|
4.0 |
(1.9) |
|
2.6 |
(2.1) |
|
1.4 |
(2.2) |
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
United Arab Emirates |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Uruguay |
-1.8 |
(1.4) |
|
1.8 |
(1.4) |
|
0.5 |
(0.6) |
|
1.2 |
(1.5) |
|
Viet Nam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [19/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
Change between 2015 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2015) |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
|
OECD |
||||||||||||
Australia |
1.4 |
(1.0) |
|
-1.4 |
(1.0) |
|
-0.6 |
(1.7) |
|
-0.7 |
(1.4) |
|
Austria |
0.1 |
(3.2) |
|
-0.1 |
(3.2) |
|
-1.8 |
(3.2) |
|
1.6 |
(0.7) |
|
Belgium |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Canada |
1.4 |
(1.2) |
|
-1.4 |
(1.2) |
|
-1.3 |
(1.3) |
|
-0.1 |
(1.2) |
|
Chile |
-2.9 |
(2.1) |
|
2.9 |
(2.1) |
|
3.1 |
(3.3) |
|
-0.3 |
(2.6) |
|
Colombia |
5.4 |
(2.2) |
|
-5.4 |
(2.2) |
|
-4.4 |
(1.9) |
|
-1.0 |
(2.4) |
|
Czech Republic |
1.8 |
(1.9) |
|
-1.8 |
(1.9) |
|
-1.9 |
(1.8) |
|
0.1 |
(0.6) |
|
Denmark |
-4.8 |
(3.0) |
|
4.8 |
(3.0) |
|
1.2 |
(3.3) |
|
3.6 |
(1.9) |
|
Estonia |
0.3 |
(1.5) |
|
-0.3 |
(1.5) |
|
-1.0 |
(1.3) |
|
0.7 |
(0.9) |
|
Finland |
0.4 |
(1.8) |
|
-0.4 |
(1.8) |
|
-0.4 |
(1.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
France |
1.0 |
(1.8) |
|
-1.0 |
(1.8) |
|
-3.1 |
(2.3) |
|
2.1 |
(1.9) |
|
Germany |
3.4 |
(2.3) |
|
-3.4 |
(2.3) |
|
-3.4 |
(2.2) |
|
0.0 |
(0.8) |
|
Greece |
-0.2 |
(1.0) |
|
0.2 |
(1.0) |
|
0.6 |
(1.0) |
|
-0.4 |
(1.0) |
|
Hungary |
-2.6 |
(3.4) |
|
2.6 |
(3.4) |
|
3.6 |
(3.3) |
|
-1.0 |
(1.4) |
|
Iceland |
-0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Ireland |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Israel |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Italy |
0.5 |
(1.5) |
† |
-0.5 |
(1.5) |
† |
0.3 |
(1.0) |
† |
-0.7 |
(1.1) |
† |
Japan |
-1.9 |
(1.1) |
|
1.9 |
(1.1) |
|
-0.1 |
(1.7) |
|
2.0 |
(2.0) |
|
Korea |
-4.7 |
(5.2) |
|
4.7 |
(5.2) |
|
12.2 |
(4.9) |
|
-7.6 |
(3.0) |
|
Latvia |
0.4 |
(0.8) |
|
-0.4 |
(0.8) |
|
0.1 |
(0.6) |
|
-0.5 |
(0.6) |
|
Lithuania |
-1.8 |
(1.2) |
|
1.8 |
(1.2) |
|
1.2 |
(0.8) |
|
0.6 |
(0.9) |
|
Luxembourg |
-2.0 |
(0.1) |
|
2.0 |
(0.1) |
|
1.8 |
(0.1) |
|
0.3 |
(0.1) |
|
Mexico |
0.4 |
(1.7) |
|
-0.4 |
(1.7) |
|
1.1 |
(1.5) |
|
-1.5 |
(2.0) |
|
Netherlands |
-3.4 |
(6.3) |
† |
3.4 |
(6.3) |
† |
3.3 |
(6.3) |
† |
0.1 |
(0.2) |
† |
New Zealand |
0.8 |
(1.3) |
|
-0.8 |
(1.3) |
|
-0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.7 |
(1.4) |
|
Norway |
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
w |
w |
|
Poland |
-1.0 |
(1.2) |
|
1.0 |
(1.2) |
|
1.3 |
(1.4) |
|
-0.3 |
(1.0) |
|
Portugal |
-7.9 |
(1.9) |
|
7.9 |
(1.9) |
|
7.0 |
(1.8) |
|
0.9 |
(1.5) |
|
Slovak Republic |
-0.7 |
(3.0) |
|
0.7 |
(3.0) |
|
0.2 |
(3.0) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
Slovenia |
0.0 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Spain |
-1.0 |
(1.4) |
|
1.0 |
(1.4) |
|
1.4 |
(1.9) |
|
-0.4 |
(1.6) |
|
Sweden |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Switzerland |
1.6 |
(1.4) |
|
-1.6 |
(1.4) |
|
-2.0 |
(0.9) |
|
0.4 |
(1.3) |
|
Turkey |
-7.3 |
(3.5) |
|
7.3 |
(3.5) |
|
-0.5 |
(2.0) |
|
7.9 |
(2.9) |
|
United Kingdom |
-9.9 |
(3.3) |
|
9.9 |
(3.3) |
|
9.2 |
(3.6) |
|
0.7 |
(2.2) |
|
United States |
0.7 |
(1.8) |
|
-0.7 |
(1.8) |
|
2.1 |
(1.5) |
|
-2.8 |
(2.1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average-28 |
-0.9 |
(0.4) |
|
0.9 |
(0.4) |
|
0.8 |
(0.4) |
|
0.1 |
(0.3) |
|
OECD average-30 |
-0.9 |
(0.4) |
|
0.9 |
(0.4) |
|
0.8 |
(0.4) |
|
0.1 |
(0.3) |
|
OECD average-37 |
-1.0 |
(0.4) |
|
1.0 |
(0.4) |
|
0.9 |
(0.4) |
|
0.1 |
(0.3) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.7.1 [20/20]. Enrolment in public and private schools, 2000 through 2018
Results based on principals’ reports about school management and the school’s sources of funding
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of students enrolled in: |
||||||||||||
Change between 2015 and 2018 (PISA 2018 - PISA 2015) |
||||||||||||
Government or public schools1 |
Private schools |
|||||||||||
Total |
Government-dependent private schools2 |
Government-independent private schools3 |
||||||||||
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
% dif. |
S.E. |
x |
|
Partners |
||||||||||||
Albania |
0.4 |
(2.0) |
|
-0.4 |
(2.0) |
|
-0.4 |
(1.4) |
|
-0.1 |
(2.8) |
|
Argentina |
-10.1 |
(2.1) |
|
10.1 |
(2.1) |
|
8.8 |
(2.8) |
|
1.3 |
(2.2) |
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Belarus |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Brazil |
-0.5 |
(1.7) |
|
0.5 |
(1.7) |
|
0.2 |
(1.4) |
|
0.2 |
(1.9) |
|
Brunei Darussalam |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Bulgaria |
0.2 |
(1.1) |
|
-0.2 |
(1.1) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
(1.0) |
|
Costa Rica |
-1.3 |
(2.6) |
|
1.3 |
(2.6) |
|
-3.0 |
(1.3) |
|
4.4 |
(2.2) |
|
Croatia |
-0.1 |
(1.6) |
|
0.1 |
(1.6) |
|
-0.7 |
(1.5) |
|
0.8 |
(0.5) |
|
Cyprus |
-0.7 |
(0.1) |
|
0.7 |
(0.1) |
|
-5.8 |
(0.1) |
|
6.5 |
(0.1) |
|
Dominican Republic |
5.4 |
(2.4) |
|
-5.4 |
(2.4) |
|
-0.1 |
(2.7) |
|
-5.3 |
(2.3) |
|
Georgia |
-3.2 |
(1.2) |
|
3.2 |
(1.2) |
|
-2.3 |
(1.0) |
|
5.6 |
(1.5) |
|
Hong Kong (China) |
2.1 |
(0.5) |
|
-2.1 |
(0.5) |
|
-2.4 |
(0.6) |
|
0.3 |
(0.3) |
|
Indonesia |
-5.7 |
(3.3) |
|
5.7 |
(3.3) |
|
3.1 |
(4.2) |
|
2.6 |
(4.6) |
|
Jordan |
-1.1 |
(1.6) |
|
1.1 |
(1.6) |
|
0.0 |
(1.0) |
|
1.1 |
(1.7) |
|
Kazakhstan |
-4.3 |
(1.8) |
|
4.3 |
(1.8) |
|
1.1 |
(1.2) |
|
3.2 |
(1.6) |
|
Kosovo |
1.7 |
(0.6) |
|
-1.7 |
(0.6) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.3) |
|
-1.4 |
(0.6) |
|
Lebanon |
-1.3 |
(2.0) |
|
1.3 |
(2.0) |
|
16.0 |
(3.3) |
|
-14.6 |
(3.3) |
|
Macao (China) |
3.0 |
(0.0) |
|
-3.0 |
(0.0) |
|
2.0 |
(0.1) |
|
-5.0 |
(0.1) |
|
Malaysia |
-0.5 |
(1.0) |
|
0.5 |
(1.0) |
|
-0.7 |
(1.2) |
|
1.2 |
(1.0) |
|
Malta |
-3.3 |
(0.1) |
|
3.3 |
(0.1) |
|
3.3 |
(0.1) |
|
-0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
Moldova |
0.8 |
(1.1) |
|
-0.8 |
(1.1) |
|
-0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
-0.4 |
(1.0) |
|
Montenegro |
0.4 |
(0.0) |
|
-0.4 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
-0.4 |
(0.0) |
|
Morocco |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
North Macedonia |
0.6 |
(0.0) |
|
-0.6 |
(0.0) |
|
-0.4 |
(0.0) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.0) |
|
Panama |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Peru |
6.5 |
(2.3) |
|
-6.5 |
(2.3) |
|
-7.0 |
(1.5) |
|
0.5 |
(2.2) |
|
Philippines |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Qatar |
-0.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.9 |
(0.1) |
|
-5.8 |
(0.0) |
|
6.7 |
(0.1) |
|
Romania |
-1.0 |
(1.6) |
|
1.0 |
(1.6) |
|
1.4 |
(1.2) |
|
-0.4 |
(1.0) |
|
Russia |
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
-1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
-0.6 |
(0.6) |
|
-0.5 |
(0.3) |
|
Saudi Arabia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Serbia |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
Singapore |
-1.1 |
(0.9) |
|
1.1 |
(0.9) |
|
-0.2 |
(0.9) |
|
1.3 |
(1.6) |
|
Chinese Taipei |
2.2 |
(1.3) |
|
-2.2 |
(1.3) |
|
6.0 |
(2.9) |
|
-8.2 |
(3.0) |
|
Thailand |
-1.2 |
(1.6) |
|
1.2 |
(1.6) |
|
-1.9 |
(2.1) |
|
3.1 |
(2.1) |
|
Ukraine |
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
m |
m |
|
United Arab Emirates |
-4.6 |
(1.4) |
|
4.6 |
(1.4) |
|
13.2 |
(2.8) |
|
-8.6 |
(2.9) |
|
Uruguay |
-0.5 |
(1.4) |
|
0.5 |
(1.4) |
|
0.5 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
(1.5) |
|
Viet Nam |
-0.9 |
(1.4) |
|
0.9 |
(1.4) |
|
1.0 |
(0.9) |
|
0.0 |
(1.2) |
|
1. Schools that are directly or indirectly managed by a public education authority, government agency, or governing board appointed by a public authority or elected by public franchise.
2. Privately managed schools that receive 50% or more of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
3. Privately managed schools that receive less than 50% of their core funding (i.e. funding that supports the basic educational services of the institution) from government agencies.
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Notes: Values that are statistically significant are indicated in bold (see Annex A3).
Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.8.11 [1/10]. Quality assurance and improvement actions at school
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the following arrangements aimed at quality assurance and improvement are in place in the school: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Internal evaluation/Self-evaluation |
External evaluation |
||||||||||||||||||
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
54.6 |
(2.0) |
|
44.6 |
(2.0) |
|
0.8 |
(0.3) |
|
82.4 |
(1.5) |
|
9.1 |
(1.2) |
|
8.4 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Austria |
44.0 |
(3.6) |
|
51.6 |
(3.4) |
|
4.4 |
(1.3) |
|
29.2 |
(3.0) |
|
16.4 |
(2.4) |
|
54.4 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Belgium |
29.2 |
(2.7) |
|
63.9 |
(2.8) |
|
6.9 |
(2.0) |
|
77.3 |
(2.7) |
|
11.9 |
(2.2) |
|
10.8 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Canada |
45.0 |
(2.4) |
|
44.9 |
(2.6) |
|
10.1 |
(1.5) |
|
56.1 |
(2.2) |
|
12.4 |
(1.8) |
|
31.5 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Chile |
23.5 |
(3.4) |
|
72.1 |
(3.5) |
|
4.4 |
(1.4) |
|
63.8 |
(3.9) |
|
20.8 |
(3.0) |
|
15.4 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Colombia |
62.2 |
(3.8) |
|
37.2 |
(3.7) |
|
0.6 |
(0.4) |
|
77.7 |
(3.1) |
|
16.4 |
(3.0) |
|
5.9 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
18.6 |
(2.4) |
|
77.2 |
(2.4) |
|
4.1 |
(1.3) |
|
31.8 |
(2.6) |
|
31.2 |
(3.4) |
|
37.0 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Denmark |
57.3 |
(3.3) |
|
33.5 |
(3.4) |
|
9.2 |
(2.1) |
|
63.1 |
(3.7) |
|
10.8 |
(2.2) |
|
26.0 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Estonia |
78.4 |
(1.7) |
|
21.6 |
(1.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
80.8 |
(1.8) |
|
7.7 |
(1.0) |
|
11.5 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Finland |
54.1 |
(3.5) |
|
39.9 |
(3.5) |
|
6.0 |
(1.8) |
|
43.5 |
(3.4) |
|
10.4 |
(2.2) |
|
46.1 |
(2.9) |
|
|
France |
32.8 |
(3.0) |
|
54.4 |
(3.4) |
|
12.8 |
(2.4) |
|
49.6 |
(3.6) |
|
7.5 |
(1.7) |
|
43.0 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Germany |
25.9 |
(3.1) |
|
61.1 |
(3.8) |
|
13.0 |
(2.4) |
|
68.2 |
(3.1) |
|
9.7 |
(2.2) |
|
22.0 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Greece |
11.1 |
(2.2) |
|
34.9 |
(2.9) |
|
53.9 |
(3.1) |
|
3.8 |
(1.3) |
|
4.8 |
(1.3) |
|
91.5 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Hungary |
88.1 |
(2.3) |
|
10.8 |
(2.3) |
|
1.0 |
(0.6) |
|
71.4 |
(3.4) |
|
11.7 |
(2.4) |
|
16.8 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Iceland |
84.5 |
(0.2) |
|
15.5 |
(0.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
84.0 |
(0.2) |
|
6.1 |
(0.2) |
|
9.9 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Ireland |
80.9 |
(3.2) |
|
18.4 |
(3.1) |
|
0.8 |
(0.7) |
|
81.2 |
(2.9) |
|
7.2 |
(2.2) |
|
11.7 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Israel |
51.9 |
(3.5) |
|
45.6 |
(3.6) |
|
2.5 |
(1.2) |
|
81.4 |
(2.9) |
|
7.7 |
(2.1) |
|
10.9 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Italy |
69.5 |
(2.7) |
|
27.5 |
(2.6) |
|
3.0 |
(1.0) |
|
51.2 |
(3.2) |
|
12.8 |
(2.0) |
|
36.0 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Japan |
61.8 |
(2.9) |
|
36.0 |
(3.1) |
|
2.1 |
(1.3) |
|
51.1 |
(3.2) |
|
15.4 |
(2.5) |
|
33.5 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Korea |
56.7 |
(3.9) |
|
42.8 |
(3.9) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
41.9 |
(3.4) |
|
26.1 |
(2.9) |
|
32.0 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Latvia |
76.1 |
(1.8) |
|
23.9 |
(1.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
88.7 |
(1.5) |
|
6.2 |
(1.3) |
|
5.1 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Lithuania |
56.5 |
(2.0) |
|
43.4 |
(2.0) |
|
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
87.1 |
(1.5) |
|
5.6 |
(1.0) |
|
7.3 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
70.6 |
(0.1) |
|
18.5 |
(0.1) |
|
10.9 |
(0.1) |
|
91.8 |
(0.1) |
|
2.7 |
(0.0) |
|
5.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
39.5 |
(3.0) |
|
55.4 |
(3.1) |
|
5.1 |
(1.5) |
|
79.5 |
(2.7) |
|
6.7 |
(1.6) |
|
13.8 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Netherlands |
21.8 |
(3.7) |
|
77.1 |
(3.8) |
|
1.0 |
(0.9) |
|
50.3 |
(4.4) |
|
37.5 |
(4.5) |
|
12.2 |
(3.1) |
|
|
New Zealand |
52.9 |
(3.4) |
|
46.7 |
(3.4) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
97.3 |
(1.3) |
|
2.7 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Norway |
49.1 |
(3.0) |
|
49.0 |
(3.1) |
|
2.0 |
(0.9) |
|
70.4 |
(3.0) |
|
3.3 |
(1.0) |
|
26.3 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Poland |
70.8 |
(3.1) |
|
28.7 |
(3.1) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
95.0 |
(1.3) |
|
1.7 |
(0.9) |
|
3.3 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Portugal |
43.3 |
(3.8) |
|
56.7 |
(3.8) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
88.4 |
(1.7) |
|
4.6 |
(1.2) |
|
7.0 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
53.5 |
(2.8) |
|
40.8 |
(2.8) |
|
5.7 |
(1.3) |
|
41.1 |
(3.3) |
|
17.9 |
(2.8) |
|
41.0 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Slovenia |
37.9 |
(0.5) |
|
60.7 |
(0.6) |
|
1.3 |
(0.2) |
|
25.0 |
(0.7) |
|
21.8 |
(0.6) |
|
53.1 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Spain |
40.1 |
(1.8) |
|
50.0 |
(2.0) |
|
9.9 |
(1.1) |
|
64.2 |
(2.1) |
|
14.4 |
(1.5) |
|
21.4 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Sweden |
66.5 |
(3.2) |
|
31.8 |
(3.3) |
|
1.7 |
(0.8) |
|
55.9 |
(4.0) |
|
10.3 |
(2.7) |
|
33.7 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Switzerland |
35.7 |
(3.4) |
|
53.2 |
(4.1) |
|
11.0 |
(2.5) |
|
58.5 |
(3.5) |
|
11.0 |
(2.0) |
|
30.5 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Turkey |
62.1 |
(3.8) |
|
34.9 |
(3.9) |
|
3.0 |
(1.3) |
|
60.6 |
(4.3) |
|
15.4 |
(2.9) |
|
24.1 |
(3.5) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
45.8 |
(3.7) |
|
54.1 |
(3.6) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
67.6 |
(3.5) |
|
30.1 |
(3.5) |
|
2.3 |
(1.1) |
|
|
United States |
61.1 |
(3.9) |
|
32.4 |
(4.0) |
|
6.5 |
(2.5) |
|
68.1 |
(3.7) |
|
17.0 |
(3.1) |
|
14.8 |
(2.6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
51.7 |
(0.5) |
|
43.0 |
(0.5) |
|
5.3 |
(0.2) |
|
64.3 |
(0.5) |
|
12.6 |
(0.4) |
|
23.1 |
(0.4) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.8.11 [2/10]. Quality assurance and improvement actions at school
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the following arrangements aimed at quality assurance and improvement are in place in the school: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Internal evaluation/Self-evaluation |
External evaluation |
||||||||||||||||||
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
85.7 |
(2.1) |
|
14.3 |
(2.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
87.2 |
(2.2) |
|
9.9 |
(2.1) |
|
2.9 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Argentina |
38.9 |
(2.8) |
|
52.4 |
(3.1) |
|
8.7 |
(1.8) |
|
49.3 |
(3.0) |
|
6.6 |
(1.6) |
|
44.1 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
46.6 |
(4.3) |
† |
52.6 |
(4.3) |
† |
0.8 |
(0.8) |
† |
49.8 |
(4.4) |
† |
19.4 |
(3.1) |
† |
30.8 |
(4.3) |
† |
|
Belarus |
36.0 |
(3.2) |
|
64.0 |
(3.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
88.5 |
(2.3) |
|
6.3 |
(1.7) |
|
5.2 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
45.7 |
(3.5) |
|
44.1 |
(3.4) |
|
10.2 |
(2.4) |
|
61.8 |
(2.6) |
|
9.6 |
(2.1) |
|
28.6 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Brazil |
39.4 |
(2.4) |
|
56.8 |
(2.4) |
|
3.9 |
(0.8) |
|
74.0 |
(1.9) |
|
13.6 |
(1.3) |
|
12.3 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
40.5 |
(0.1) |
|
59.4 |
(0.1) |
|
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
86.6 |
(0.0) |
|
5.7 |
(0.0) |
|
7.7 |
(0.0) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
22.0 |
(2.9) |
|
76.5 |
(3.1) |
|
1.5 |
(1.1) |
|
77.0 |
(3.1) |
|
13.8 |
(2.2) |
|
9.3 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
59.4 |
(3.6) |
|
33.8 |
(3.7) |
|
6.7 |
(1.8) |
|
92.7 |
(2.0) |
|
4.8 |
(1.7) |
|
2.5 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
69.2 |
(3.0) |
|
26.4 |
(3.0) |
|
4.3 |
(1.5) |
|
58.4 |
(3.5) |
|
13.8 |
(2.5) |
|
27.8 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Croatia |
72.9 |
(2.2) |
|
22.7 |
(2.4) |
|
4.4 |
(1.3) |
|
68.9 |
(3.2) |
|
11.8 |
(2.2) |
|
19.4 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Cyprus |
19.3 |
(0.3) |
|
75.3 |
(0.3) |
|
5.4 |
(0.2) |
|
72.5 |
(0.5) |
|
6.9 |
(0.7) |
|
20.6 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
46.5 |
(3.7) |
|
50.4 |
(3.9) |
|
3.1 |
(1.3) |
|
65.0 |
(3.4) |
|
19.1 |
(2.6) |
|
15.9 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Georgia |
48.7 |
(3.1) |
|
51.0 |
(3.1) |
|
0.3 |
(0.2) |
|
58.9 |
(3.2) |
|
24.2 |
(2.6) |
|
16.8 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
38.2 |
(4.4) |
|
61.8 |
(4.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
93.5 |
(2.3) |
|
6.5 |
(2.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Indonesia |
50.7 |
(4.8) |
|
48.0 |
(4.8) |
|
1.3 |
(0.7) |
|
44.9 |
(4.9) |
|
43.5 |
(4.8) |
|
11.6 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Jordan |
64.3 |
(3.1) |
|
33.7 |
(3.0) |
|
2.0 |
(0.9) |
|
59.5 |
(3.4) |
|
20.8 |
(2.8) |
|
19.7 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
34.7 |
(2.4) |
|
65.1 |
(2.4) |
|
0.2 |
(0.1) |
|
79.6 |
(2.0) |
|
16.6 |
(1.7) |
|
3.8 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Kosovo |
83.1 |
(1.5) |
|
16.2 |
(1.4) |
|
0.7 |
(0.4) |
|
82.0 |
(1.4) |
|
8.3 |
(0.9) |
|
9.7 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Lebanon |
31.9 |
(2.9) |
|
62.2 |
(2.9) |
|
5.9 |
(1.3) |
|
35.5 |
(3.0) |
|
29.2 |
(2.9) |
|
35.4 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
43.5 |
(0.0) |
|
50.1 |
(0.1) |
|
6.4 |
(0.0) |
|
90.5 |
(0.1) |
|
7.3 |
(0.0) |
|
2.2 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Malaysia |
66.9 |
(3.3) |
|
33.1 |
(3.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
64.9 |
(3.5) |
|
24.8 |
(3.2) |
|
10.3 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Malta |
68.1 |
(0.1) |
|
31.9 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
97.4 |
(0.0) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Moldova |
58.2 |
(3.7) |
|
41.4 |
(3.7) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
92.9 |
(1.7) |
|
4.1 |
(1.6) |
|
3.0 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Montenegro |
80.3 |
(0.6) |
|
19.7 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
100.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Morocco |
59.7 |
(3.9) |
|
37.2 |
(3.6) |
|
3.1 |
(1.3) |
|
75.8 |
(3.2) |
|
9.3 |
(2.3) |
|
14.9 |
(2.8) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
90.6 |
(0.1) |
|
9.4 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
91.7 |
(0.0) |
|
1.8 |
(0.0) |
|
6.5 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Panama |
74.7 |
(2.4) |
|
21.5 |
(2.3) |
|
3.8 |
(1.3) |
|
46.6 |
(2.8) |
|
26.1 |
(3.0) |
|
27.3 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Peru |
21.9 |
(2.7) |
|
73.8 |
(2.9) |
|
4.3 |
(1.2) |
|
74.1 |
(2.6) |
|
10.4 |
(1.7) |
|
15.4 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Philippines |
56.6 |
(4.1) |
|
41.3 |
(4.1) |
|
2.1 |
(0.7) |
|
55.7 |
(3.6) |
|
37.1 |
(3.7) |
|
7.2 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Qatar |
71.6 |
(0.1) |
|
28.1 |
(0.1) |
|
0.2 |
(0.0) |
|
83.6 |
(0.1) |
|
15.4 |
(0.1) |
|
1.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Romania |
90.6 |
(2.5) |
|
9.4 |
(2.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
81.4 |
(3.2) |
|
17.1 |
(3.0) |
|
1.5 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Russia |
56.1 |
(3.0) |
|
43.9 |
(3.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
89.5 |
(1.9) |
|
9.3 |
(1.8) |
|
1.2 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
66.1 |
(3.0) |
|
33.4 |
(3.1) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
82.1 |
(2.6) |
|
12.9 |
(2.2) |
|
5.0 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Serbia |
77.5 |
(3.0) |
|
21.7 |
(3.0) |
|
0.9 |
(0.5) |
|
97.6 |
(1.1) |
|
2.0 |
(1.1) |
|
0.5 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Singapore |
67.9 |
(0.8) |
|
31.5 |
(0.9) |
|
0.6 |
(0.0) |
|
90.8 |
(1.4) |
|
6.8 |
(1.4) |
|
2.4 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
53.4 |
(3.4) |
|
38.8 |
(3.4) |
|
7.8 |
(2.0) |
|
80.0 |
(3.3) |
|
12.8 |
(2.5) |
|
7.1 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Thailand |
83.3 |
(2.7) |
|
16.7 |
(2.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
94.1 |
(1.8) |
|
5.4 |
(1.8) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Ukraine |
49.6 |
(3.2) |
|
49.1 |
(3.2) |
|
1.4 |
(0.7) |
|
88.6 |
(2.2) |
|
3.4 |
(1.4) |
|
8.0 |
(1.9) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
78.8 |
(1.4) |
|
21.2 |
(1.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
86.8 |
(1.1) |
|
9.5 |
(0.8) |
|
3.7 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Uruguay |
32.3 |
(3.7) |
|
55.0 |
(3.7) |
|
12.7 |
(2.6) |
|
51.1 |
(3.1) |
|
9.2 |
(1.8) |
|
39.7 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
85.1 |
(3.6) |
|
14.9 |
(3.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
82.8 |
(4.0) |
|
4.9 |
(2.0) |
|
12.3 |
(3.4) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.8.11 [3/10]. Quality assurance and improvement actions at school
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the following arrangements aimed at quality assurance and improvement are in place in the school: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Written specification of the school’s curricular profile and education goals |
Written specification of student performance standards |
||||||||||||||||||
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
61.3 |
(2.0) |
|
35.5 |
(1.8) |
|
3.2 |
(0.7) |
|
63.9 |
(1.9) |
|
29.0 |
(1.6) |
|
7.1 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Austria |
45.5 |
(3.6) |
|
37.7 |
(3.4) |
|
16.8 |
(2.1) |
|
39.4 |
(3.7) |
|
25.9 |
(3.4) |
|
34.7 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Belgium |
61.5 |
(2.9) |
|
30.3 |
(2.6) |
|
8.2 |
(1.9) |
|
30.2 |
(2.9) |
|
28.8 |
(2.8) |
|
41.0 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Canada |
66.4 |
(2.4) |
|
23.1 |
(2.3) |
|
10.5 |
(1.7) |
|
53.9 |
(2.4) |
|
29.3 |
(2.1) |
|
16.8 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Chile |
48.9 |
(3.9) |
|
38.9 |
(3.6) |
|
12.1 |
(3.0) |
|
40.6 |
(4.2) |
|
42.5 |
(4.1) |
|
16.9 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Colombia |
40.5 |
(3.5) |
|
52.3 |
(3.5) |
|
7.2 |
(2.1) |
|
53.7 |
(4.0) |
|
41.3 |
(3.6) |
|
5.0 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
73.2 |
(2.7) |
|
26.7 |
(2.6) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
63.9 |
(3.3) |
|
22.9 |
(2.7) |
|
13.2 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Denmark |
49.3 |
(3.9) |
|
36.0 |
(3.9) |
|
14.6 |
(2.6) |
|
57.6 |
(3.5) |
|
22.8 |
(3.0) |
|
19.7 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Estonia |
60.8 |
(2.1) |
|
37.1 |
(2.1) |
|
2.1 |
(0.8) |
|
28.8 |
(1.7) |
|
36.9 |
(1.9) |
|
34.3 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Finland |
57.2 |
(3.8) |
|
23.3 |
(2.6) |
|
19.4 |
(2.9) |
|
52.9 |
(3.6) |
|
11.7 |
(2.5) |
|
35.4 |
(3.3) |
|
|
France |
66.0 |
(3.5) |
|
18.0 |
(2.7) |
|
15.9 |
(2.8) |
|
35.0 |
(3.8) |
|
11.8 |
(2.3) |
|
53.1 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Germany |
47.4 |
(3.5) |
|
39.4 |
(3.8) |
|
13.2 |
(2.6) |
|
33.2 |
(3.5) |
|
35.1 |
(3.4) |
|
31.8 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Greece |
33.1 |
(3.2) |
|
26.3 |
(3.0) |
|
40.5 |
(3.3) |
|
27.0 |
(3.3) |
|
18.9 |
(2.8) |
|
54.1 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Hungary |
90.6 |
(2.0) |
|
9.4 |
(2.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
67.2 |
(3.5) |
|
26.5 |
(3.6) |
|
6.3 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Iceland |
38.2 |
(0.2) |
|
51.1 |
(0.3) |
|
10.7 |
(0.2) |
|
36.4 |
(0.2) |
|
55.2 |
(0.2) |
|
8.5 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Ireland |
41.0 |
(3.8) |
|
43.1 |
(4.0) |
|
15.9 |
(3.1) |
|
15.7 |
(2.9) |
|
47.3 |
(4.2) |
|
37.0 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Israel |
48.4 |
(3.8) |
|
46.8 |
(3.8) |
|
4.8 |
(1.7) |
|
31.5 |
(3.6) |
|
45.7 |
(4.3) |
|
22.8 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Italy |
33.5 |
(3.2) |
|
58.7 |
(3.4) |
|
7.7 |
(1.6) |
|
13.7 |
(2.5) |
|
49.5 |
(3.5) |
|
36.8 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Japan |
46.8 |
(3.2) |
|
48.2 |
(3.4) |
|
4.9 |
(2.0) |
|
23.0 |
(3.4) |
|
41.5 |
(4.1) |
|
35.5 |
(3.9) |
|
|
Korea |
50.3 |
(4.3) |
|
48.8 |
(4.1) |
|
0.9 |
(0.7) |
|
53.7 |
(3.8) |
|
44.4 |
(3.8) |
|
1.9 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Latvia |
71.5 |
(1.9) |
|
25.2 |
(1.9) |
|
3.3 |
(0.9) |
|
51.3 |
(2.2) |
|
33.5 |
(2.1) |
|
15.3 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Lithuania |
61.6 |
(2.0) |
|
35.7 |
(1.9) |
|
2.7 |
(0.7) |
|
36.2 |
(1.9) |
|
46.7 |
(1.9) |
|
17.1 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
58.2 |
(0.1) |
|
28.3 |
(0.1) |
|
13.5 |
(0.1) |
|
54.3 |
(0.1) |
|
8.0 |
(0.1) |
|
37.7 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
67.0 |
(2.7) |
|
26.2 |
(2.5) |
|
6.8 |
(1.3) |
|
58.6 |
(3.1) |
|
33.0 |
(2.8) |
|
8.4 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Netherlands |
38.5 |
(4.0) |
|
53.8 |
(4.3) |
|
7.6 |
(2.3) |
|
25.7 |
(3.3) |
|
44.4 |
(4.2) |
|
29.9 |
(4.2) |
|
|
New Zealand |
54.1 |
(2.9) |
|
44.4 |
(3.0) |
|
1.5 |
(0.8) |
|
38.5 |
(3.5) |
|
52.4 |
(3.8) |
|
9.0 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Norway |
56.2 |
(3.4) |
|
29.4 |
(2.9) |
|
14.5 |
(2.1) |
|
29.3 |
(2.7) |
|
59.3 |
(3.2) |
|
11.5 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Poland |
23.6 |
(2.7) |
|
36.0 |
(3.5) |
|
40.4 |
(3.7) |
|
21.1 |
(3.0) |
|
55.2 |
(3.2) |
|
23.7 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Portugal |
41.3 |
(3.0) |
|
49.8 |
(3.0) |
|
8.9 |
(1.6) |
|
31.3 |
(2.8) |
|
46.1 |
(3.6) |
|
22.6 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
65.9 |
(2.9) |
|
26.6 |
(2.7) |
|
7.5 |
(1.7) |
|
65.8 |
(2.7) |
|
22.0 |
(2.3) |
|
12.2 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Slovenia |
69.1 |
(0.6) |
|
23.7 |
(0.7) |
|
7.2 |
(0.3) |
|
77.1 |
(0.6) |
|
17.0 |
(0.6) |
|
5.9 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Spain |
64.0 |
(2.3) |
|
25.4 |
(1.9) |
|
10.6 |
(1.4) |
|
42.7 |
(2.2) |
|
30.1 |
(1.9) |
|
27.2 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Sweden |
51.5 |
(3.0) |
|
30.6 |
(3.4) |
|
17.8 |
(2.4) |
|
71.9 |
(3.6) |
|
25.3 |
(3.4) |
|
2.8 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Switzerland |
52.8 |
(3.3) |
|
26.2 |
(3.2) |
|
21.0 |
(3.4) |
|
34.5 |
(3.1) |
|
18.6 |
(2.8) |
|
46.9 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Turkey |
66.8 |
(3.5) |
|
21.9 |
(3.1) |
|
11.3 |
(2.6) |
|
46.8 |
(3.8) |
|
36.5 |
(4.1) |
|
16.8 |
(2.9) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
54.7 |
(3.5) |
|
44.1 |
(3.5) |
|
1.2 |
(0.8) |
|
50.1 |
(3.4) |
|
40.3 |
(3.4) |
|
9.6 |
(2.3) |
|
|
United States |
70.8 |
(4.0) |
|
24.7 |
(4.0) |
|
4.5 |
(1.8) |
|
62.3 |
(4.4) |
|
27.6 |
(4.2) |
|
10.1 |
(2.6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
54.8 |
(0.5) |
|
34.7 |
(0.5) |
|
10.5 |
(0.3) |
|
43.7 |
(0.5) |
|
34.1 |
(0.5) |
|
22.1 |
(0.4) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.8.11 [4/10]. Quality assurance and improvement actions at school
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the following arrangements aimed at quality assurance and improvement are in place in the school: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Written specification of the school’s curricular profile and education goals |
Written specification of student performance standards |
||||||||||||||||||
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
70.4 |
(2.9) |
|
28.8 |
(2.9) |
|
0.8 |
(0.4) |
|
81.1 |
(2.3) |
|
18.5 |
(2.3) |
|
0.4 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Argentina |
43.6 |
(2.7) |
|
42.7 |
(2.8) |
|
13.7 |
(2.0) |
|
33.4 |
(3.0) |
|
40.3 |
(3.2) |
|
26.4 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
58.2 |
(4.5) |
† |
30.5 |
(4.3) |
† |
11.3 |
(2.7) |
† |
53.8 |
(4.7) |
† |
38.7 |
(4.4) |
† |
7.5 |
(3.0) |
† |
|
Belarus |
52.5 |
(3.6) |
|
40.2 |
(3.5) |
|
7.3 |
(1.8) |
|
80.2 |
(2.7) |
|
10.6 |
(2.1) |
|
9.2 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
54.2 |
(3.6) |
|
29.3 |
(3.0) |
|
16.5 |
(2.5) |
|
45.7 |
(3.8) |
|
27.6 |
(3.3) |
|
26.7 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Brazil |
65.7 |
(2.2) |
|
33.5 |
(2.1) |
|
0.8 |
(0.6) |
|
61.9 |
(2.2) |
|
27.2 |
(2.2) |
|
10.9 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
51.3 |
(0.1) |
|
46.1 |
(0.1) |
|
2.6 |
(0.0) |
|
53.3 |
(0.1) |
|
40.9 |
(0.1) |
|
5.8 |
(0.0) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
54.3 |
(3.2) |
|
45.1 |
(3.2) |
|
0.6 |
(0.5) |
|
21.5 |
(3.2) |
|
68.7 |
(3.9) |
|
9.8 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
70.1 |
(3.5) |
|
22.2 |
(3.0) |
|
7.7 |
(2.1) |
|
64.3 |
(3.4) |
|
20.5 |
(2.8) |
|
15.2 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
61.6 |
(3.3) |
|
28.1 |
(3.0) |
|
10.3 |
(1.9) |
|
47.1 |
(3.3) |
|
34.0 |
(3.4) |
|
18.9 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Croatia |
78.7 |
(3.0) |
|
13.7 |
(2.6) |
|
7.7 |
(1.8) |
|
50.8 |
(3.6) |
|
25.5 |
(3.2) |
|
23.6 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Cyprus |
62.3 |
(0.7) |
|
25.6 |
(0.7) |
|
12.2 |
(0.2) |
|
49.0 |
(0.7) |
|
33.5 |
(0.4) |
|
17.4 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
60.9 |
(3.5) |
|
30.4 |
(3.1) |
|
8.6 |
(1.9) |
|
55.2 |
(4.1) |
|
34.2 |
(3.2) |
|
10.7 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Georgia |
46.1 |
(3.2) |
|
50.9 |
(3.2) |
|
3.0 |
(1.2) |
|
29.4 |
(2.5) |
|
59.9 |
(3.0) |
|
10.7 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
31.0 |
(3.9) |
|
67.4 |
(4.2) |
|
1.6 |
(1.4) |
|
15.8 |
(3.5) |
|
67.7 |
(4.4) |
|
16.5 |
(3.8) |
|
|
Indonesia |
50.8 |
(4.6) |
|
46.9 |
(4.6) |
|
2.2 |
(0.9) |
|
41.6 |
(4.6) |
|
50.8 |
(4.3) |
|
7.7 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Jordan |
80.9 |
(2.9) |
|
16.3 |
(2.7) |
|
2.8 |
(1.1) |
|
61.6 |
(3.6) |
|
34.3 |
(3.5) |
|
4.1 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
53.3 |
(2.7) |
|
45.4 |
(2.7) |
|
1.3 |
(0.6) |
|
50.2 |
(2.4) |
|
48.9 |
(2.4) |
|
0.9 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Kosovo |
63.2 |
(1.5) |
|
28.2 |
(1.4) |
|
8.6 |
(1.0) |
|
60.1 |
(1.9) |
|
29.4 |
(1.8) |
|
10.5 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Lebanon |
41.5 |
(3.0) |
|
51.4 |
(3.4) |
|
7.1 |
(1.5) |
|
27.7 |
(2.7) |
|
61.3 |
(2.8) |
|
11.0 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
36.3 |
(0.0) |
|
60.7 |
(0.1) |
|
3.0 |
(0.1) |
|
32.2 |
(0.0) |
|
65.8 |
(0.0) |
|
2.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Malaysia |
74.5 |
(3.2) |
|
23.0 |
(3.2) |
|
2.5 |
(1.1) |
|
73.7 |
(3.0) |
|
24.6 |
(3.1) |
|
1.7 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Malta |
54.4 |
(0.1) |
|
38.6 |
(0.1) |
|
7.0 |
(0.1) |
|
25.9 |
(0.1) |
|
47.4 |
(0.1) |
|
26.8 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Moldova |
63.0 |
(3.6) |
|
32.1 |
(3.6) |
|
4.9 |
(1.8) |
|
60.7 |
(3.6) |
|
30.7 |
(3.0) |
|
8.6 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Montenegro |
89.9 |
(0.3) |
|
8.2 |
(0.3) |
|
1.9 |
(0.0) |
|
71.4 |
(0.5) |
|
22.7 |
(0.5) |
|
5.9 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Morocco |
59.4 |
(3.7) |
|
20.4 |
(3.4) |
|
20.2 |
(3.0) |
|
46.7 |
(3.9) |
|
35.1 |
(3.3) |
|
18.2 |
(2.7) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
80.7 |
(0.1) |
|
12.7 |
(0.1) |
|
6.6 |
(0.0) |
|
55.8 |
(0.1) |
|
27.6 |
(0.1) |
|
16.6 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Panama |
55.6 |
(3.2) |
|
37.6 |
(3.1) |
|
6.8 |
(1.5) |
|
53.6 |
(3.3) |
|
37.7 |
(3.0) |
|
8.7 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Peru |
55.0 |
(3.0) |
|
42.0 |
(3.1) |
|
3.0 |
(0.9) |
|
62.8 |
(3.3) |
|
27.7 |
(3.0) |
|
9.5 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Philippines |
89.3 |
(2.2) |
|
10.1 |
(2.3) |
|
0.6 |
(0.4) |
|
85.7 |
(2.8) |
|
13.7 |
(2.6) |
|
0.6 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Qatar |
75.9 |
(0.1) |
|
22.7 |
(0.1) |
|
1.4 |
(0.0) |
|
64.5 |
(0.1) |
|
34.1 |
(0.1) |
|
1.4 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Romania |
73.9 |
(3.7) |
|
23.1 |
(3.7) |
|
3.0 |
(1.2) |
|
58.3 |
(3.9) |
|
33.4 |
(3.6) |
|
8.3 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Russia |
77.8 |
(3.4) |
|
21.8 |
(3.1) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
80.9 |
(2.3) |
|
17.6 |
(2.2) |
|
1.5 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
77.0 |
(2.9) |
|
14.3 |
(2.4) |
|
8.7 |
(1.9) |
|
54.1 |
(3.6) |
|
42.3 |
(3.3) |
|
3.6 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Serbia |
85.7 |
(2.8) |
|
12.9 |
(2.5) |
|
1.3 |
(1.2) |
|
79.3 |
(2.8) |
|
15.2 |
(2.7) |
|
5.4 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Singapore |
44.1 |
(1.1) |
|
53.7 |
(1.3) |
|
2.2 |
(0.9) |
|
40.4 |
(1.2) |
|
50.2 |
(1.3) |
|
9.3 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
74.0 |
(2.8) |
|
25.2 |
(2.7) |
|
0.8 |
(0.8) |
|
37.8 |
(3.9) |
|
54.1 |
(3.8) |
|
8.1 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Thailand |
55.0 |
(3.6) |
|
44.4 |
(3.4) |
|
0.6 |
(0.5) |
|
72.8 |
(3.8) |
|
25.4 |
(3.5) |
|
1.8 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Ukraine |
74.2 |
(2.9) |
|
13.0 |
(2.4) |
|
12.8 |
(2.1) |
|
57.2 |
(3.1) |
|
36.8 |
(3.4) |
|
6.0 |
(1.7) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
66.9 |
(1.6) |
|
32.5 |
(1.6) |
|
0.6 |
(0.2) |
|
61.9 |
(1.6) |
|
37.4 |
(1.6) |
|
0.7 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Uruguay |
30.4 |
(3.4) |
|
49.2 |
(3.9) |
|
20.3 |
(3.3) |
|
33.4 |
(3.6) |
|
29.2 |
(3.1) |
|
37.3 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
71.0 |
(3.7) |
|
28.7 |
(3.7) |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
64.7 |
(4.7) |
|
30.0 |
(4.4) |
|
5.2 |
(1.9) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.8.11 [5/10]. Quality assurance and improvement actions at school
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the following arrangements aimed at quality assurance and improvement are in place in the school: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Systematic recording of data, such as teacher or student attendance, and professional development |
Systematic recording of students’ test results and graduation rates |
||||||||||||||||||
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
80.4 |
(1.3) |
|
18.9 |
(1.3) |
|
0.7 |
(0.4) |
|
68.9 |
(2.1) |
|
29.7 |
(2.1) |
|
1.3 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Austria |
56.9 |
(3.2) |
|
31.3 |
(3.0) |
|
11.8 |
(2.0) |
|
59.5 |
(2.9) |
|
22.1 |
(2.6) |
|
18.5 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Belgium |
52.5 |
(3.0) |
|
35.1 |
(2.8) |
|
12.4 |
(2.1) |
|
35.9 |
(3.1) |
|
51.1 |
(3.2) |
|
13.0 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Canada |
61.7 |
(2.0) |
|
24.6 |
(2.1) |
|
13.7 |
(1.5) |
|
74.4 |
(2.2) |
|
20.4 |
(2.0) |
|
5.3 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Chile |
33.8 |
(3.7) |
|
60.2 |
(3.8) |
|
6.0 |
(1.7) |
|
31.4 |
(3.9) |
|
57.6 |
(4.2) |
|
11.0 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Colombia |
26.8 |
(2.9) |
|
68.8 |
(3.1) |
|
4.5 |
(1.5) |
|
26.4 |
(3.3) |
|
67.6 |
(3.7) |
|
6.0 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
41.9 |
(3.1) |
|
54.1 |
(3.1) |
|
4.0 |
(1.4) |
|
26.4 |
(2.3) |
|
66.7 |
(2.6) |
|
6.9 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Denmark |
57.6 |
(2.8) |
|
33.2 |
(3.4) |
|
9.1 |
(2.0) |
|
76.3 |
(2.6) |
|
18.2 |
(2.5) |
|
5.5 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Estonia |
30.1 |
(1.9) |
|
63.7 |
(1.9) |
|
6.3 |
(1.2) |
|
29.7 |
(2.0) |
|
66.8 |
(2.1) |
|
3.5 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Finland |
55.7 |
(3.9) |
|
21.2 |
(3.0) |
|
23.1 |
(3.2) |
|
59.2 |
(3.4) |
|
22.8 |
(3.2) |
|
18.0 |
(2.7) |
|
|
France |
35.0 |
(3.3) |
|
42.5 |
(3.8) |
|
22.4 |
(3.0) |
|
44.6 |
(3.6) |
|
44.4 |
(3.7) |
|
11.0 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Germany |
44.8 |
(3.5) |
|
39.8 |
(3.5) |
|
15.3 |
(2.7) |
|
68.4 |
(3.3) |
|
24.7 |
(2.9) |
|
6.9 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Greece |
52.6 |
(3.5) |
|
25.0 |
(3.2) |
|
22.4 |
(3.0) |
|
37.2 |
(3.4) |
|
33.4 |
(3.4) |
|
29.4 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Hungary |
66.8 |
(3.4) |
|
31.4 |
(3.4) |
|
1.8 |
(1.0) |
|
55.7 |
(3.9) |
|
44.0 |
(3.8) |
|
0.3 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Iceland |
41.2 |
(0.2) |
|
54.7 |
(0.2) |
|
4.1 |
(0.1) |
|
48.2 |
(0.3) |
|
43.0 |
(0.3) |
|
8.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Ireland |
51.1 |
(4.1) |
|
45.0 |
(4.2) |
|
3.8 |
(1.2) |
|
31.1 |
(3.5) |
|
68.4 |
(3.5) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Israel |
46.3 |
(3.6) |
|
51.9 |
(3.7) |
|
1.7 |
(1.0) |
|
59.3 |
(3.5) |
|
37.4 |
(3.7) |
|
3.3 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Italy |
26.1 |
(3.1) |
|
58.9 |
(4.0) |
|
15.1 |
(2.7) |
|
25.9 |
(2.8) |
|
70.8 |
(2.8) |
|
3.3 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Japan |
54.1 |
(3.6) |
|
30.3 |
(3.5) |
|
15.6 |
(2.7) |
|
34.2 |
(3.5) |
|
55.3 |
(3.8) |
|
10.5 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Korea |
52.3 |
(3.9) |
|
42.7 |
(3.8) |
|
5.0 |
(1.7) |
|
49.8 |
(3.9) |
|
44.4 |
(3.8) |
|
5.8 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Latvia |
71.2 |
(1.9) |
|
28.4 |
(1.9) |
|
0.4 |
(0.3) |
|
65.4 |
(1.9) |
|
34.6 |
(1.9) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Lithuania |
19.6 |
(1.9) |
|
79.4 |
(1.8) |
|
1.0 |
(0.4) |
|
20.8 |
(1.9) |
|
73.9 |
(1.8) |
|
5.3 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
61.6 |
(0.1) |
|
30.9 |
(0.1) |
|
7.5 |
(0.1) |
|
50.9 |
(0.1) |
|
21.4 |
(0.1) |
|
27.8 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
54.0 |
(3.1) |
|
43.4 |
(3.0) |
|
2.6 |
(1.1) |
|
59.3 |
(3.1) |
|
38.8 |
(3.0) |
|
1.9 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Netherlands |
31.7 |
(4.0) |
|
60.3 |
(4.2) |
|
8.0 |
(2.4) |
|
49.0 |
(4.2) |
|
50.2 |
(4.2) |
|
0.8 |
(0.8) |
|
|
New Zealand |
48.5 |
(3.2) |
|
50.5 |
(3.2) |
|
0.9 |
(0.6) |
|
43.2 |
(3.3) |
|
56.0 |
(3.3) |
|
0.8 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Norway |
42.6 |
(3.4) |
|
43.9 |
(3.4) |
|
13.5 |
(2.4) |
|
65.0 |
(3.4) |
|
31.9 |
(3.3) |
|
3.1 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Poland |
43.5 |
(3.2) |
|
55.9 |
(3.3) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
39.1 |
(3.4) |
|
58.2 |
(3.5) |
|
2.7 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Portugal |
29.7 |
(3.1) |
|
52.8 |
(3.4) |
|
17.4 |
(2.6) |
|
30.2 |
(3.1) |
|
67.9 |
(3.0) |
|
1.9 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
72.5 |
(2.8) |
|
26.1 |
(2.7) |
|
1.4 |
(0.6) |
|
61.3 |
(2.7) |
|
37.1 |
(2.7) |
|
1.6 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Slovenia |
54.1 |
(0.6) |
|
41.6 |
(0.7) |
|
4.3 |
(0.5) |
|
54.4 |
(0.6) |
|
41.2 |
(0.5) |
|
4.4 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Spain |
59.2 |
(1.8) |
|
32.8 |
(1.7) |
|
8.1 |
(1.2) |
|
57.3 |
(2.0) |
|
36.7 |
(1.8) |
|
6.1 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Sweden |
74.2 |
(3.1) |
|
18.8 |
(2.7) |
|
6.9 |
(1.5) |
|
59.5 |
(4.1) |
|
28.7 |
(3.5) |
|
11.9 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Switzerland |
41.6 |
(3.6) |
|
42.1 |
(3.3) |
|
16.3 |
(2.8) |
|
40.6 |
(3.6) |
|
33.5 |
(3.5) |
|
25.9 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Turkey |
83.1 |
(3.0) |
|
12.6 |
(2.6) |
|
4.3 |
(1.7) |
|
90.2 |
(2.6) |
|
9.4 |
(2.6) |
|
0.4 |
(0.3) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
56.4 |
(4.1) |
|
43.5 |
(4.0) |
|
0.1 |
(0.1) |
|
49.2 |
(3.9) |
|
48.7 |
(3.9) |
|
2.1 |
(1.1) |
|
|
United States |
72.5 |
(3.9) |
|
26.2 |
(3.8) |
|
1.3 |
(0.9) |
|
86.1 |
(3.0) |
|
13.9 |
(3.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
50.9 |
(0.5) |
|
41.2 |
(0.5) |
|
7.9 |
(0.3) |
|
50.4 |
(0.5) |
|
42.5 |
(0.5) |
|
7.2 |
(0.3) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.8.11 [6/10]. Quality assurance and improvement actions at school
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the following arrangements aimed at quality assurance and improvement are in place in the school: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Systematic recording of data, such as teacher or student attendance, and professional development |
Systematic recording of students’ test results and graduation rates |
||||||||||||||||||
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
69.4 |
(2.6) |
|
28.7 |
(2.6) |
|
1.8 |
(0.6) |
|
58.1 |
(2.7) |
|
41.4 |
(2.7) |
|
0.5 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Argentina |
45.4 |
(2.9) |
|
39.9 |
(3.0) |
|
14.6 |
(2.3) |
|
51.1 |
(3.5) |
|
38.3 |
(3.2) |
|
10.6 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
32.1 |
(4.2) |
† |
63.6 |
(4.3) |
† |
4.3 |
(1.7) |
† |
59.7 |
(4.6) |
† |
38.5 |
(4.6) |
† |
1.8 |
(1.2) |
† |
|
Belarus |
65.4 |
(3.4) |
|
34.6 |
(3.4) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
72.6 |
(3.3) |
|
24.2 |
(3.1) |
|
3.2 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
53.8 |
(3.4) |
|
41.6 |
(3.5) |
|
4.6 |
(1.5) |
|
50.5 |
(3.7) |
|
39.1 |
(3.5) |
|
10.3 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Brazil |
53.1 |
(2.3) |
|
35.0 |
(2.2) |
|
11.9 |
(1.5) |
|
47.2 |
(2.4) |
|
31.4 |
(2.0) |
|
21.4 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
61.1 |
(0.1) |
|
36.7 |
(0.1) |
|
2.1 |
(0.0) |
|
51.3 |
(0.1) |
|
47.0 |
(0.1) |
|
1.7 |
(0.0) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
16.0 |
(2.7) |
|
81.9 |
(2.8) |
|
2.1 |
(0.9) |
|
28.2 |
(2.7) |
|
70.4 |
(2.8) |
|
1.3 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
61.0 |
(3.4) |
|
35.7 |
(3.3) |
|
3.3 |
(1.3) |
|
63.1 |
(3.3) |
|
35.2 |
(3.0) |
|
1.7 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
65.3 |
(3.3) |
|
30.1 |
(3.3) |
|
4.6 |
(1.1) |
|
71.2 |
(3.0) |
|
24.3 |
(2.7) |
|
4.5 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Croatia |
65.9 |
(3.1) |
|
31.9 |
(3.0) |
|
2.3 |
(1.1) |
|
45.0 |
(3.2) |
|
47.1 |
(3.4) |
|
7.9 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Cyprus |
67.0 |
(0.4) |
|
30.7 |
(0.5) |
|
2.2 |
(0.0) |
|
55.2 |
(0.5) |
|
38.3 |
(0.5) |
|
6.5 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
72.4 |
(3.5) |
|
26.7 |
(3.5) |
|
0.9 |
(0.7) |
|
55.0 |
(3.4) |
|
40.3 |
(3.5) |
|
4.8 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Georgia |
39.5 |
(3.1) |
|
57.1 |
(3.2) |
|
3.4 |
(1.2) |
|
33.8 |
(2.9) |
|
62.5 |
(2.9) |
|
3.6 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
43.8 |
(5.1) |
|
56.2 |
(5.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
21.4 |
(4.3) |
|
78.6 |
(4.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Indonesia |
51.8 |
(4.0) |
|
47.1 |
(4.0) |
|
1.1 |
(0.5) |
|
52.0 |
(4.1) |
|
47.3 |
(4.0) |
|
0.7 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Jordan |
74.9 |
(3.1) |
|
23.9 |
(3.0) |
|
1.2 |
(0.8) |
|
75.8 |
(3.0) |
|
23.4 |
(3.1) |
|
0.7 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
27.0 |
(2.3) |
|
69.8 |
(2.4) |
|
3.2 |
(1.0) |
|
56.0 |
(2.6) |
|
43.9 |
(2.6) |
|
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Kosovo |
68.3 |
(1.6) |
|
29.1 |
(1.6) |
|
2.6 |
(0.2) |
|
69.1 |
(1.5) |
|
29.6 |
(1.5) |
|
1.3 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Lebanon |
39.2 |
(3.0) |
|
56.0 |
(3.0) |
|
4.8 |
(1.2) |
|
44.8 |
(2.8) |
|
54.1 |
(2.9) |
|
1.1 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
40.8 |
(0.0) |
|
59.2 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
27.3 |
(0.0) |
|
72.7 |
(0.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Malaysia |
75.3 |
(3.1) |
|
24.7 |
(3.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
64.4 |
(3.1) |
|
35.1 |
(3.0) |
|
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
|
Malta |
57.6 |
(0.1) |
|
37.0 |
(0.1) |
|
5.4 |
(0.1) |
|
54.7 |
(0.1) |
|
38.9 |
(0.1) |
|
6.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Moldova |
55.9 |
(3.5) |
|
44.1 |
(3.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
48.6 |
(3.5) |
|
51.4 |
(3.5) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Montenegro |
55.0 |
(0.6) |
|
45.0 |
(0.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
63.1 |
(0.6) |
|
36.7 |
(0.6) |
|
0.3 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Morocco |
68.2 |
(3.8) |
|
25.8 |
(3.3) |
|
6.0 |
(1.9) |
|
83.5 |
(3.0) |
|
16.5 |
(3.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
North Macedonia |
66.9 |
(0.1) |
|
31.1 |
(0.1) |
|
2.0 |
(0.0) |
|
68.6 |
(0.1) |
|
30.4 |
(0.1) |
|
1.0 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Panama |
69.5 |
(3.0) |
|
27.9 |
(2.9) |
|
2.5 |
(1.0) |
|
63.8 |
(3.1) |
|
32.3 |
(2.9) |
|
3.9 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Peru |
29.0 |
(2.6) |
|
66.5 |
(2.7) |
|
4.5 |
(1.2) |
|
32.9 |
(2.6) |
|
59.1 |
(2.5) |
|
8.0 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Philippines |
73.7 |
(3.0) |
|
25.4 |
(3.0) |
|
0.9 |
(0.6) |
|
82.6 |
(2.6) |
|
17.1 |
(2.6) |
|
0.3 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Qatar |
68.3 |
(0.1) |
|
30.2 |
(0.1) |
|
1.5 |
(0.0) |
|
75.8 |
(0.1) |
|
24.2 |
(0.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Romania |
72.4 |
(3.7) |
|
27.6 |
(3.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
82.3 |
(3.1) |
|
17.7 |
(3.1) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Russia |
51.6 |
(3.2) |
|
46.4 |
(3.4) |
|
2.0 |
(1.0) |
|
53.8 |
(3.0) |
|
43.8 |
(2.8) |
|
2.4 |
(1.0) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
75.8 |
(3.0) |
|
23.3 |
(2.9) |
|
0.9 |
(0.6) |
|
85.3 |
(2.6) |
|
12.9 |
(2.5) |
|
1.8 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Serbia |
64.9 |
(3.1) |
|
33.2 |
(3.2) |
|
1.9 |
(1.0) |
|
53.1 |
(3.5) |
|
44.0 |
(3.5) |
|
2.8 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Singapore |
61.6 |
(1.3) |
|
38.4 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
73.9 |
(1.3) |
|
26.1 |
(1.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
46.5 |
(3.9) |
|
51.3 |
(3.8) |
|
2.2 |
(1.3) |
|
51.5 |
(3.8) |
|
46.6 |
(3.8) |
|
1.8 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Thailand |
36.9 |
(3.5) |
|
61.1 |
(3.7) |
|
2.0 |
(1.1) |
|
62.2 |
(3.7) |
|
37.8 |
(3.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Ukraine |
53.2 |
(3.6) |
|
45.7 |
(3.5) |
|
1.1 |
(0.7) |
|
44.1 |
(3.5) |
|
46.0 |
(3.6) |
|
9.8 |
(2.1) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
59.5 |
(1.4) |
|
40.1 |
(1.4) |
|
0.4 |
(0.2) |
|
72.5 |
(1.8) |
|
27.3 |
(1.8) |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Uruguay |
65.4 |
(3.6) |
|
29.1 |
(3.5) |
|
5.5 |
(1.8) |
|
71.3 |
(3.5) |
|
22.3 |
(3.2) |
|
6.4 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
62.6 |
(4.3) |
|
36.4 |
(4.2) |
|
1.0 |
(0.8) |
|
62.7 |
(4.7) |
|
37.3 |
(4.7) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.8.11 [7/10]. Quality assurance and improvement actions at school
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the following arrangements aimed at quality assurance and improvement are in place in the school: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seeking written feedback from students |
Teacher mentoring |
||||||||||||||||||
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
8.8 |
(1.0) |
|
76.8 |
(1.7) |
|
14.3 |
(1.4) |
|
19.7 |
(1.5) |
|
76.9 |
(1.4) |
|
3.4 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Austria |
28.5 |
(2.5) |
|
61.8 |
(2.8) |
|
9.7 |
(1.7) |
|
9.6 |
(2.0) |
|
68.3 |
(3.5) |
|
22.1 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Belgium |
5.3 |
(1.5) |
|
46.4 |
(2.5) |
|
48.3 |
(2.5) |
|
11.6 |
(1.7) |
|
76.6 |
(2.4) |
|
11.8 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Canada |
13.7 |
(1.6) |
|
45.1 |
(2.2) |
|
41.2 |
(2.2) |
|
39.8 |
(2.1) |
|
45.5 |
(2.4) |
|
14.6 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Chile |
8.2 |
(2.1) |
|
64.6 |
(3.6) |
|
27.2 |
(3.3) |
|
7.4 |
(2.2) |
|
46.9 |
(3.8) |
|
45.8 |
(4.2) |
|
|
Colombia |
7.2 |
(2.0) |
|
78.1 |
(3.3) |
|
14.7 |
(2.5) |
|
10.8 |
(2.4) |
|
70.3 |
(3.2) |
|
18.8 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
2.0 |
(0.9) |
|
60.0 |
(2.8) |
|
38.0 |
(2.7) |
|
1.0 |
(0.5) |
|
95.3 |
(1.3) |
|
3.6 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Denmark |
17.6 |
(2.8) |
|
42.6 |
(4.0) |
|
39.7 |
(3.7) |
|
8.9 |
(1.9) |
|
61.1 |
(3.9) |
|
30.0 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Estonia |
7.4 |
(0.8) |
|
78.0 |
(1.7) |
|
14.6 |
(1.7) |
|
8.4 |
(1.3) |
|
86.6 |
(1.6) |
|
5.0 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Finland |
11.9 |
(2.4) |
|
60.7 |
(3.4) |
|
27.4 |
(3.5) |
|
8.9 |
(2.1) |
|
61.1 |
(3.4) |
|
30.0 |
(3.0) |
|
|
France |
5.0 |
(1.7) |
|
13.0 |
(2.3) |
|
82.1 |
(2.8) |
|
19.7 |
(2.8) |
|
54.2 |
(3.7) |
|
26.1 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Germany |
3.4 |
(1.4) |
|
49.6 |
(3.7) |
|
47.0 |
(3.7) |
|
1.9 |
(1.1) |
|
26.0 |
(3.2) |
|
72.1 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Greece |
5.3 |
(1.7) |
|
35.9 |
(3.6) |
|
58.8 |
(3.8) |
|
27.2 |
(2.9) |
|
52.2 |
(3.4) |
|
20.6 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Hungary |
14.0 |
(2.7) |
|
46.4 |
(3.9) |
|
39.5 |
(3.9) |
|
35.8 |
(3.7) |
|
45.0 |
(3.7) |
|
19.2 |
(2.9) |
|
|
Iceland |
5.8 |
(0.1) |
|
32.2 |
(0.2) |
|
62.0 |
(0.2) |
|
3.1 |
(0.1) |
|
33.1 |
(0.2) |
|
63.8 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Ireland |
4.7 |
(1.7) |
|
54.9 |
(4.1) |
|
40.4 |
(4.3) |
|
12.4 |
(3.0) |
|
73.7 |
(3.6) |
|
13.9 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Israel |
9.5 |
(2.4) |
|
57.8 |
(3.8) |
|
32.6 |
(3.3) |
|
32.2 |
(3.6) |
|
65.0 |
(3.7) |
|
2.8 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Italy |
3.8 |
(1.4) |
|
40.8 |
(3.1) |
|
55.5 |
(3.2) |
|
9.6 |
(2.0) |
|
27.3 |
(2.8) |
|
63.1 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Japan |
24.9 |
(2.8) |
|
60.2 |
(3.9) |
|
14.9 |
(2.8) |
|
21.5 |
(2.7) |
|
64.6 |
(3.5) |
|
13.9 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Korea |
49.2 |
(3.6) |
|
36.9 |
(3.6) |
|
13.9 |
(2.8) |
|
12.4 |
(2.5) |
|
82.5 |
(3.1) |
|
5.1 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Latvia |
15.1 |
(1.2) |
|
75.0 |
(1.7) |
|
9.9 |
(1.4) |
|
9.3 |
(1.2) |
|
72.8 |
(1.9) |
|
17.8 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Lithuania |
1.0 |
(0.5) |
|
73.7 |
(1.6) |
|
25.3 |
(1.6) |
|
2.7 |
(0.4) |
|
54.8 |
(1.7) |
|
42.5 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
0.0 |
c |
|
9.3 |
(0.1) |
|
90.7 |
(0.1) |
|
14.7 |
(0.1) |
|
44.9 |
(0.1) |
|
40.3 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
28.7 |
(3.1) |
|
46.6 |
(3.2) |
|
24.7 |
(2.8) |
|
35.4 |
(3.0) |
|
28.8 |
(2.9) |
|
35.8 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Netherlands |
12.0 |
(2.9) |
|
75.9 |
(3.6) |
|
12.1 |
(2.6) |
|
4.9 |
(1.9) |
|
89.0 |
(2.6) |
|
6.1 |
(1.8) |
|
|
New Zealand |
9.5 |
(1.7) |
|
87.5 |
(1.9) |
|
2.9 |
(0.9) |
|
17.2 |
(2.5) |
|
79.8 |
(2.7) |
|
3.1 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Norway |
27.2 |
(2.9) |
|
39.1 |
(3.4) |
|
33.8 |
(2.7) |
|
16.5 |
(2.8) |
|
72.5 |
(3.3) |
|
11.0 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Poland |
3.6 |
(1.3) |
|
73.9 |
(3.0) |
|
22.4 |
(2.9) |
|
8.7 |
(2.0) |
|
85.0 |
(2.6) |
|
6.3 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Portugal |
4.0 |
(1.4) |
|
66.1 |
(3.0) |
|
29.9 |
(3.0) |
|
9.5 |
(2.1) |
|
68.4 |
(3.0) |
|
22.0 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
6.2 |
(1.4) |
|
62.1 |
(3.1) |
|
31.7 |
(2.8) |
|
49.9 |
(2.8) |
|
27.6 |
(2.6) |
|
22.5 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Slovenia |
3.4 |
(0.1) |
|
78.0 |
(0.4) |
|
18.6 |
(0.4) |
|
21.1 |
(0.4) |
|
61.8 |
(0.5) |
|
17.1 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Spain |
7.5 |
(1.1) |
|
66.5 |
(2.1) |
|
26.0 |
(1.9) |
|
8.3 |
(1.2) |
|
25.6 |
(1.7) |
|
66.1 |
(2.0) |
|
|
Sweden |
20.6 |
(3.2) |
|
59.3 |
(4.0) |
|
20.1 |
(2.8) |
|
18.5 |
(3.3) |
|
71.3 |
(3.4) |
|
10.2 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Switzerland |
12.7 |
(2.5) |
|
57.8 |
(3.7) |
|
29.6 |
(3.4) |
|
12.8 |
(2.4) |
|
66.3 |
(3.7) |
|
20.9 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Turkey |
45.4 |
(3.9) |
|
42.5 |
(3.8) |
|
12.1 |
(2.6) |
|
15.3 |
(2.5) |
|
57.7 |
(3.7) |
|
27.0 |
(3.5) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
5.5 |
(1.6) |
|
75.7 |
(3.1) |
|
18.8 |
(3.0) |
|
11.4 |
(2.2) |
|
85.5 |
(2.5) |
|
3.1 |
(1.2) |
|
|
United States |
23.9 |
(3.2) |
|
39.5 |
(4.5) |
|
36.6 |
(4.4) |
|
58.5 |
(4.1) |
|
34.9 |
(3.9) |
|
6.6 |
(1.7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
12.5 |
(0.3) |
|
56.0 |
(0.5) |
|
31.6 |
(0.5) |
|
16.7 |
(0.4) |
|
60.5 |
(0.5) |
|
22.8 |
(0.4) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.8.11 [8/10]. Quality assurance and improvement actions at school
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the following arrangements aimed at quality assurance and improvement are in place in the school: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seeking written feedback from students |
Teacher mentoring |
||||||||||||||||||
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
18.7 |
(2.1) |
|
76.6 |
(2.5) |
|
4.7 |
(1.5) |
|
36.5 |
(2.6) |
|
63.5 |
(2.6) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Argentina |
5.6 |
(1.5) |
|
42.0 |
(3.2) |
|
52.4 |
(3.4) |
|
31.2 |
(2.5) |
|
32.0 |
(2.8) |
|
36.8 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
8.6 |
(2.6) |
† |
77.1 |
(3.8) |
† |
14.3 |
(3.2) |
† |
28.4 |
(3.9) |
† |
55.7 |
(4.2) |
† |
15.9 |
(2.9) |
† |
|
Belarus |
4.1 |
(1.3) |
|
72.7 |
(3.1) |
|
23.2 |
(3.0) |
|
26.4 |
(3.0) |
|
73.4 |
(3.0) |
|
0.2 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
7.4 |
(2.2) |
|
53.1 |
(4.3) |
|
39.5 |
(4.0) |
|
54.7 |
(3.9) |
|
39.4 |
(3.3) |
|
5.9 |
(1.9) |
|
|
Brazil |
13.5 |
(1.5) |
|
58.1 |
(2.2) |
|
28.4 |
(2.1) |
|
13.9 |
(1.7) |
|
77.4 |
(2.0) |
|
8.8 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
7.7 |
(0.1) |
|
78.5 |
(0.1) |
|
13.7 |
(0.1) |
|
24.6 |
(0.1) |
|
74.0 |
(0.1) |
|
1.4 |
(0.0) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
8.3 |
(2.1) |
|
88.9 |
(2.3) |
|
2.8 |
(1.1) |
|
7.4 |
(2.1) |
|
90.0 |
(2.4) |
|
2.6 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
17.0 |
(2.7) |
|
53.6 |
(3.5) |
|
29.4 |
(3.4) |
|
28.3 |
(3.1) |
|
46.0 |
(3.6) |
|
25.7 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
27.2 |
(3.3) |
|
44.0 |
(3.6) |
|
28.7 |
(3.6) |
|
14.6 |
(2.6) |
|
55.6 |
(3.8) |
|
29.7 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Croatia |
12.2 |
(2.4) |
|
55.9 |
(3.7) |
|
31.9 |
(3.5) |
|
55.6 |
(3.8) |
|
39.8 |
(3.6) |
|
4.6 |
(1.5) |
|
|
Cyprus |
9.0 |
(0.1) |
|
36.8 |
(0.8) |
|
54.2 |
(0.8) |
|
47.2 |
(0.7) |
|
47.3 |
(0.7) |
|
5.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
20.8 |
(3.2) |
|
72.8 |
(3.5) |
|
6.4 |
(2.0) |
|
28.6 |
(3.6) |
|
52.6 |
(3.9) |
|
18.8 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Georgia |
9.4 |
(2.0) |
|
76.1 |
(2.6) |
|
14.5 |
(2.1) |
|
31.5 |
(3.2) |
|
32.2 |
(2.8) |
|
36.3 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
5.3 |
(2.2) |
|
76.3 |
(3.3) |
|
18.4 |
(3.4) |
|
1.4 |
(1.4) |
|
81.9 |
(3.7) |
|
16.7 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Indonesia |
27.0 |
(4.1) |
|
65.2 |
(4.0) |
|
7.8 |
(2.3) |
|
47.9 |
(4.5) |
|
50.8 |
(4.5) |
|
1.3 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Jordan |
26.6 |
(2.8) |
|
62.4 |
(3.2) |
|
11.0 |
(2.0) |
|
49.3 |
(3.5) |
|
50.0 |
(3.4) |
|
0.7 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
9.8 |
(1.4) |
|
83.8 |
(1.7) |
|
6.5 |
(1.2) |
|
16.6 |
(1.7) |
|
82.6 |
(1.7) |
|
0.7 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Kosovo |
21.3 |
(1.3) |
|
63.6 |
(1.6) |
|
15.1 |
(1.3) |
|
27.6 |
(1.6) |
|
67.5 |
(1.7) |
|
4.8 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Lebanon |
13.8 |
(2.1) |
|
50.1 |
(3.2) |
|
36.2 |
(3.2) |
|
25.5 |
(2.8) |
|
60.1 |
(3.1) |
|
14.4 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
7.5 |
(0.0) |
|
71.8 |
(0.1) |
|
20.7 |
(0.1) |
|
17.9 |
(0.0) |
|
77.7 |
(0.1) |
|
4.4 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Malaysia |
17.7 |
(3.0) |
|
66.8 |
(3.4) |
|
15.5 |
(2.8) |
|
40.7 |
(3.4) |
|
58.3 |
(3.4) |
|
1.1 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Malta |
10.4 |
(0.1) |
|
51.9 |
(0.1) |
|
37.8 |
(0.2) |
|
37.7 |
(0.1) |
|
51.9 |
(0.1) |
|
10.4 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Moldova |
11.6 |
(2.4) |
|
78.9 |
(3.2) |
|
9.5 |
(2.3) |
|
19.8 |
(3.1) |
|
77.0 |
(3.2) |
|
3.2 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Montenegro |
13.0 |
(0.3) |
|
56.2 |
(0.4) |
|
30.8 |
(0.2) |
|
61.1 |
(0.4) |
|
37.4 |
(0.4) |
|
1.5 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Morocco |
12.5 |
(2.6) |
|
51.9 |
(4.1) |
|
35.6 |
(3.3) |
|
60.7 |
(3.8) |
|
33.1 |
(3.8) |
|
6.1 |
(1.8) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
25.7 |
(0.1) |
|
65.7 |
(0.1) |
|
8.6 |
(0.1) |
|
83.9 |
(0.1) |
|
14.7 |
(0.1) |
|
1.4 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Panama |
27.1 |
(2.8) |
|
61.6 |
(2.8) |
|
11.3 |
(2.3) |
|
60.5 |
(2.7) |
|
37.2 |
(2.6) |
|
2.3 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Peru |
10.7 |
(1.5) |
|
54.8 |
(2.9) |
|
34.5 |
(2.7) |
|
46.8 |
(2.1) |
|
51.1 |
(2.2) |
|
2.1 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Philippines |
17.3 |
(2.7) |
|
72.4 |
(3.3) |
|
10.3 |
(1.9) |
|
48.2 |
(3.3) |
|
51.8 |
(3.3) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Qatar |
43.8 |
(0.1) |
|
52.3 |
(0.1) |
|
4.0 |
(0.0) |
|
65.5 |
(0.1) |
|
33.1 |
(0.1) |
|
1.4 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Romania |
17.8 |
(3.5) |
|
74.8 |
(4.1) |
|
7.4 |
(2.2) |
|
24.6 |
(3.6) |
|
63.4 |
(4.2) |
|
12.0 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Russia |
6.0 |
(1.3) |
|
67.8 |
(2.9) |
|
26.2 |
(3.0) |
|
35.1 |
(3.0) |
|
64.9 |
(3.0) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
34.6 |
(3.2) |
|
60.0 |
(3.5) |
|
5.4 |
(1.7) |
|
68.8 |
(3.2) |
|
31.2 |
(3.2) |
|
0.0 |
c |
|
|
Serbia |
14.3 |
(2.4) |
|
60.9 |
(3.2) |
|
24.8 |
(3.1) |
|
69.3 |
(3.3) |
|
26.1 |
(3.2) |
|
4.6 |
(1.3) |
|
|
Singapore |
9.6 |
(0.5) |
|
83.3 |
(1.0) |
|
7.1 |
(0.9) |
|
31.7 |
(0.4) |
|
67.7 |
(0.4) |
|
0.5 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
14.5 |
(2.7) |
|
63.7 |
(3.4) |
|
21.8 |
(3.3) |
|
17.7 |
(3.0) |
|
64.5 |
(3.3) |
|
17.8 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Thailand |
16.9 |
(3.0) |
|
61.1 |
(3.6) |
|
21.9 |
(3.4) |
|
19.6 |
(2.7) |
|
79.0 |
(2.7) |
|
1.4 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Ukraine |
4.0 |
(1.3) |
|
57.0 |
(3.7) |
|
39.0 |
(3.5) |
|
23.1 |
(2.9) |
|
72.3 |
(3.0) |
|
4.6 |
(1.5) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
24.6 |
(0.9) |
|
65.4 |
(1.1) |
|
10.0 |
(0.6) |
|
39.0 |
(1.0) |
|
57.3 |
(1.1) |
|
3.8 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Uruguay |
8.2 |
(2.0) |
|
44.1 |
(3.5) |
|
47.7 |
(3.5) |
|
15.3 |
(2.6) |
|
55.7 |
(3.6) |
|
29.0 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
26.1 |
(3.4) |
|
69.0 |
(3.7) |
|
4.9 |
(1.8) |
|
30.2 |
(4.0) |
|
65.9 |
(4.1) |
|
3.9 |
(1.8) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.8.11 [9/10]. Quality assurance and improvement actions at school
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the following arrangements aimed at quality assurance and improvement are in place in the school: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regular consultation aimed at school improvement with one or more experts over a period of at least six months |
Implementation of a standardised policy for reading subjects |
||||||||||||||||||
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
OECD |
|||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
20.2 |
(1.8) |
|
58.3 |
(2.1) |
|
21.6 |
(2.0) |
|
27.6 |
(2.2) |
|
41.2 |
(1.9) |
|
31.2 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Austria |
18.2 |
(3.0) |
|
43.4 |
(3.8) |
|
38.5 |
(3.7) |
|
20.9 |
(2.7) |
|
24.4 |
(3.1) |
|
54.7 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Belgium |
7.4 |
(1.8) |
|
41.2 |
(3.0) |
|
51.4 |
(3.2) |
|
11.2 |
(1.9) |
|
33.6 |
(3.0) |
|
55.1 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Canada |
35.6 |
(2.3) |
|
32.4 |
(2.5) |
|
31.9 |
(2.1) |
|
36.2 |
(2.4) |
|
28.8 |
(2.4) |
|
35.1 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Chile |
6.4 |
(1.7) |
|
46.2 |
(4.2) |
|
47.5 |
(4.3) |
|
10.3 |
(2.4) |
|
61.1 |
(3.6) |
|
28.6 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Colombia |
9.4 |
(2.1) |
|
45.0 |
(3.6) |
|
45.6 |
(3.3) |
|
22.0 |
(2.6) |
|
47.0 |
(4.0) |
|
31.1 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Czech Republic |
0.6 |
(0.4) |
|
27.0 |
(2.5) |
|
72.4 |
(2.6) |
|
28.4 |
(3.0) |
|
57.5 |
(2.8) |
|
14.1 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Denmark |
18.0 |
(2.8) |
|
30.6 |
(3.3) |
|
51.3 |
(3.7) |
|
16.0 |
(2.7) |
|
55.7 |
(3.3) |
|
28.3 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Estonia |
3.8 |
(0.9) |
|
44.9 |
(2.0) |
|
51.3 |
(2.0) |
|
12.1 |
(1.2) |
|
65.0 |
(1.8) |
|
23.0 |
(1.6) |
|
|
Finland |
1.0 |
(0.7) |
|
5.4 |
(1.6) |
|
93.6 |
(1.8) |
|
19.9 |
(2.9) |
|
17.9 |
(2.9) |
|
62.1 |
(3.7) |
|
|
France |
3.3 |
(1.1) |
|
10.2 |
(2.1) |
|
86.6 |
(2.1) |
|
7.6 |
(1.9) |
|
8.5 |
(1.7) |
|
84.0 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Germany |
3.8 |
(1.4) |
|
25.2 |
(3.3) |
|
71.0 |
(3.2) |
|
28.1 |
(3.4) |
|
31.2 |
(3.5) |
|
40.7 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Greece |
26.6 |
(2.6) |
|
53.1 |
(3.4) |
|
20.3 |
(2.7) |
|
39.3 |
(2.7) |
|
24.9 |
(3.1) |
|
35.8 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Hungary |
4.4 |
(1.5) |
|
16.8 |
(2.7) |
|
78.8 |
(2.9) |
|
29.5 |
(3.1) |
|
20.7 |
(2.9) |
|
49.8 |
(3.6) |
|
|
Iceland |
3.1 |
(0.1) |
|
28.5 |
(0.3) |
|
68.3 |
(0.3) |
|
29.3 |
(0.2) |
|
62.4 |
(0.2) |
|
8.4 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Ireland |
9.0 |
(2.3) |
|
60.9 |
(3.8) |
|
30.1 |
(3.6) |
|
16.3 |
(3.0) |
|
41.2 |
(4.3) |
|
42.5 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Israel |
17.0 |
(2.8) |
|
37.4 |
(4.0) |
|
45.7 |
(3.6) |
|
50.3 |
(4.1) |
|
35.9 |
(4.0) |
|
13.9 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Italy |
0.1 |
(0.0) |
|
13.3 |
(2.4) |
|
86.5 |
(2.4) |
|
2.6 |
(1.0) |
|
42.8 |
(2.8) |
|
54.6 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Japan |
4.7 |
(1.6) |
|
9.7 |
(2.3) |
|
85.6 |
(2.9) |
|
4.8 |
(1.4) |
|
28.9 |
(2.9) |
|
66.3 |
(3.1) |
|
|
Korea |
14.3 |
(2.8) |
|
54.1 |
(3.6) |
|
31.6 |
(3.6) |
|
24.8 |
(3.1) |
|
54.1 |
(3.9) |
|
21.1 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Latvia |
6.6 |
(1.2) |
|
29.3 |
(1.8) |
|
64.1 |
(1.9) |
|
9.4 |
(0.9) |
|
20.8 |
(1.6) |
|
69.8 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Lithuania |
2.2 |
(0.6) |
|
21.4 |
(1.6) |
|
76.4 |
(1.7) |
|
5.2 |
(0.9) |
|
25.3 |
(1.4) |
|
69.4 |
(1.7) |
|
|
Luxembourg |
4.7 |
(0.0) |
|
34.5 |
(0.1) |
|
60.8 |
(0.1) |
|
17.9 |
(0.1) |
|
27.3 |
(0.1) |
|
54.8 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Mexico |
19.1 |
(2.8) |
|
35.1 |
(3.2) |
|
45.9 |
(2.9) |
|
37.7 |
(2.8) |
|
39.2 |
(3.0) |
|
23.2 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Netherlands |
2.6 |
(1.4) |
|
63.7 |
(4.2) |
|
33.7 |
(4.1) |
|
4.7 |
(2.3) |
|
48.5 |
(4.2) |
|
46.7 |
(3.9) |
|
|
New Zealand |
7.3 |
(1.4) |
|
67.5 |
(3.2) |
|
25.2 |
(3.0) |
|
9.2 |
(2.0) |
|
58.6 |
(3.0) |
|
32.1 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Norway |
42.5 |
(3.4) |
|
37.8 |
(3.2) |
|
19.7 |
(2.5) |
|
28.4 |
(2.9) |
|
30.2 |
(3.0) |
|
41.4 |
(2.5) |
|
|
Poland |
6.8 |
(1.6) |
|
44.9 |
(3.4) |
|
48.3 |
(3.3) |
|
14.2 |
(2.2) |
|
37.5 |
(3.4) |
|
48.2 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Portugal |
4.5 |
(1.1) |
|
32.5 |
(3.5) |
|
63.0 |
(3.2) |
|
10.5 |
(2.3) |
|
36.1 |
(2.9) |
|
53.4 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Slovak Republic |
6.4 |
(1.4) |
|
45.8 |
(2.9) |
|
47.8 |
(2.8) |
|
45.4 |
(3.5) |
|
43.6 |
(3.5) |
|
11.0 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Slovenia |
3.4 |
(0.1) |
|
22.6 |
(0.7) |
|
74.0 |
(0.7) |
|
18.3 |
(0.4) |
|
32.4 |
(0.6) |
|
49.3 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Spain |
4.8 |
(0.9) |
|
24.3 |
(1.7) |
|
70.9 |
(1.8) |
|
11.7 |
(1.6) |
|
34.6 |
(2.1) |
|
53.7 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Sweden |
9.7 |
(2.1) |
|
30.4 |
(4.0) |
|
59.9 |
(4.5) |
|
20.6 |
(3.0) |
|
11.2 |
(2.1) |
|
68.2 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Switzerland |
5.1 |
(1.3) |
|
28.4 |
(3.5) |
|
66.6 |
(3.8) |
|
22.4 |
(3.0) |
|
19.2 |
(2.6) |
|
58.4 |
(3.3) |
|
|
Turkey |
10.9 |
(2.1) |
|
44.9 |
(3.8) |
|
44.2 |
(3.9) |
|
54.4 |
(3.9) |
|
31.0 |
(3.7) |
|
14.5 |
(2.7) |
|
|
United Kingdom |
14.6 |
(2.2) |
|
67.7 |
(2.9) |
|
17.7 |
(2.3) |
|
10.1 |
(2.0) |
|
58.9 |
(4.0) |
|
31.1 |
(3.6) |
|
|
United States |
38.0 |
(4.3) |
|
32.0 |
(3.7) |
|
30.0 |
(3.9) |
|
55.5 |
(4.8) |
|
34.7 |
(4.3) |
|
9.8 |
(2.9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD average |
10.7 |
(0.3) |
|
36.4 |
(0.5) |
|
52.9 |
(0.5) |
|
22.0 |
(0.4) |
|
37.1 |
(0.5) |
|
41.0 |
(0.5) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.
Table V.B1.8.11 [10/10]. Quality assurance and improvement actions at school
Results based on principals’ reports
|
Percentage of students in schools whose principal reported that the following arrangements aimed at quality assurance and improvement are in place in the school: |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regular consultation aimed at school improvement with one or more experts over a period of at least six months |
Implementation of a standardised policy for reading subjects |
||||||||||||||||||
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
Yes, this is mandatory |
Yes, on the school's initiative |
No |
||||||||||||||
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
% |
S.E. |
x |
||
Partners |
|||||||||||||||||||
Albania |
24.4 |
(2.6) |
|
61.1 |
(2.9) |
|
14.6 |
(1.9) |
|
78.8 |
(2.0) |
|
18.5 |
(2.0) |
|
2.8 |
(0.6) |
|
|
Argentina |
7.4 |
(1.4) |
|
32.0 |
(2.9) |
|
60.6 |
(2.9) |
|
34.7 |
(2.8) |
|
39.2 |
(2.9) |
|
26.1 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Baku (Azerbaijan) |
14.3 |
(3.0) |
† |
48.1 |
(4.5) |
† |
37.6 |
(4.5) |
† |
45.8 |
(4.3) |
† |
45.0 |
(4.4) |
† |
9.2 |
(2.3) |
† |
|
Belarus |
31.6 |
(3.3) |
|
37.7 |
(3.6) |
|
30.7 |
(3.1) |
|
65.5 |
(3.4) |
|
15.7 |
(2.7) |
|
18.8 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
24.8 |
(3.0) |
|
44.0 |
(3.0) |
|
31.2 |
(3.5) |
|
40.7 |
(3.7) |
|
33.3 |
(3.4) |
|
26.0 |
(3.5) |
|
|
Brazil |
14.4 |
(1.4) |
|
38.4 |
(2.4) |
|
47.2 |
(2.5) |
|
30.4 |
(2.1) |
|
42.3 |
(2.5) |
|
27.3 |
(2.3) |
|
|
Brunei Darussalam |
46.2 |
(0.1) |
|
46.4 |
(0.1) |
|
7.4 |
(0.0) |
|
52.7 |
(0.1) |
|
43.6 |
(0.1) |
|
3.8 |
(0.1) |
|
|
B-S-J-Z (China) |
7.6 |
(2.2) |
|
66.7 |
(3.5) |
|
25.7 |
(3.0) |
|
61.4 |
(4.2) |
|
35.0 |
(4.1) |
|
3.6 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Bulgaria |
20.7 |
(2.8) |
|
45.8 |
(3.3) |
|
33.5 |
(3.5) |
|
60.4 |
(3.5) |
|
24.1 |
(3.1) |
|
15.5 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Costa Rica |
15.7 |
(2.7) |
|
34.0 |
(2.9) |
|
50.3 |
(3.3) |
|
42.3 |
(3.5) |
|
22.2 |
(2.8) |
|
35.5 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Croatia |
9.1 |
(2.1) |
|
34.7 |
(3.8) |
|
56.2 |
(3.8) |
|
47.7 |
(3.7) |
|
23.9 |
(2.8) |
|
28.4 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Cyprus |
17.4 |
(0.7) |
|
52.9 |
(0.7) |
|
29.6 |
(0.3) |
|
74.8 |
(0.2) |
|
21.5 |
(0.2) |
|
3.7 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
29.6 |
(3.5) |
|
35.8 |
(3.7) |
|
34.6 |
(3.3) |
|
49.3 |
(3.7) |
|
36.7 |
(3.2) |
|
14.0 |
(2.6) |
|
|
Georgia |
15.2 |
(2.4) |
|
33.8 |
(3.1) |
|
50.9 |
(3.2) |
|
30.5 |
(2.7) |
|
49.5 |
(3.0) |
|
20.1 |
(2.7) |
|
|
Hong Kong (China) |
4.7 |
(2.4) |
|
37.5 |
(4.4) |
|
57.8 |
(4.6) |
|
3.9 |
(2.0) |
|
75.9 |
(4.1) |
|
20.2 |
(4.1) |
|
|
Indonesia |
26.5 |
(4.2) |
|
63.2 |
(4.8) |
|
10.3 |
(2.8) |
|
40.5 |
(4.6) |
|
53.4 |
(4.4) |
|
6.2 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Jordan |
35.8 |
(3.3) |
|
31.1 |
(2.9) |
|
33.1 |
(3.1) |
|
48.0 |
(3.8) |
|
37.2 |
(3.5) |
|
14.9 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Kazakhstan |
20.4 |
(1.9) |
|
58.8 |
(2.5) |
|
20.8 |
(1.9) |
|
66.7 |
(2.2) |
|
29.1 |
(2.1) |
|
4.2 |
(0.9) |
|
|
Kosovo |
27.3 |
(1.5) |
|
51.7 |
(1.8) |
|
21.0 |
(1.5) |
|
60.9 |
(1.6) |
|
24.1 |
(1.4) |
|
15.0 |
(0.8) |
|
|
Lebanon |
25.6 |
(2.3) |
|
46.1 |
(2.5) |
|
28.3 |
(2.4) |
|
28.5 |
(2.6) |
|
53.4 |
(2.9) |
|
18.1 |
(2.1) |
|
|
Macao (China) |
6.6 |
(0.0) |
|
68.6 |
(0.0) |
|
24.8 |
(0.0) |
|
10.4 |
(0.1) |
|
57.5 |
(0.1) |
|
32.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Malaysia |
34.2 |
(3.4) |
|
54.1 |
(3.8) |
|
11.7 |
(2.3) |
|
69.7 |
(3.6) |
|
26.5 |
(3.5) |
|
3.8 |
(1.4) |
|
|
Malta |
21.8 |
(0.1) |
|
56.1 |
(0.2) |
|
22.1 |
(0.1) |
|
28.0 |
(0.1) |
|
35.9 |
(0.1) |
|
36.1 |
(0.2) |
|
|
Moldova |
18.5 |
(2.5) |
|
51.0 |
(3.5) |
|
30.5 |
(3.2) |
|
52.3 |
(3.9) |
|
34.3 |
(3.2) |
|
13.4 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Montenegro |
25.5 |
(0.3) |
|
37.4 |
(0.5) |
|
37.0 |
(0.6) |
|
85.9 |
(0.4) |
|
13.8 |
(0.4) |
|
0.3 |
(0.3) |
|
|
Morocco |
14.7 |
(2.7) |
|
23.9 |
(3.7) |
|
61.5 |
(3.9) |
|
45.2 |
(3.4) |
|
12.3 |
(2.7) |
|
42.5 |
(3.5) |
|
|
North Macedonia |
38.9 |
(0.1) |
|
32.7 |
(0.1) |
|
28.5 |
(0.1) |
|
51.0 |
(0.1) |
|
16.9 |
(0.1) |
|
32.1 |
(0.1) |
|
|
Panama |
28.9 |
(2.6) |
|
38.6 |
(3.0) |
|
32.6 |
(2.7) |
|
30.1 |
(2.8) |
|
48.3 |
(2.8) |
|
21.6 |
(2.4) |
|
|
Peru |
10.1 |
(1.6) |
|
35.4 |
(2.4) |
|
54.5 |
(2.9) |
|
30.9 |
(2.6) |
|
35.9 |
(2.7) |
|
33.2 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Philippines |
41.9 |
(3.3) |
|
55.4 |
(3.5) |
|
2.7 |
(1.0) |
|
70.6 |
(3.6) |
|
26.5 |
(3.6) |
|
2.9 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Qatar |
58.6 |
(0.1) |
|
33.3 |
(0.1) |
|
8.1 |
(0.0) |
|
63.7 |
(0.1) |
|
31.5 |
(0.1) |
|
4.8 |
(0.0) |
|
|
Romania |
5.8 |
(1.7) |
|
40.8 |
(3.8) |
|
53.4 |
(3.7) |
|
35.9 |
(3.9) |
|
41.3 |
(4.0) |
|
22.8 |
(3.0) |
|
|
Russia |
20.3 |
(2.5) |
|
56.2 |
(3.5) |
|
23.4 |
(2.8) |
|
74.5 |
(3.0) |
|
19.8 |
(2.3) |
|
5.6 |
(1.8) |
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
33.5 |
(3.3) |
|
42.5 |
(3.0) |
|
24.0 |
(2.6) |
|
54.4 |
(3.1) |
|
24.7 |
(2.9) |
|
20.9 |
(2.8) |
|
|
Serbia |
17.2 |
(2.9) |
|
44.7 |
(3.8) |
|
38.1 |
(3.1) |
|
48.7 |
(3.7) |
|
23.3 |
(3.3) |
|
27.9 |
(3.4) |
|
|
Singapore |
8.1 |
(0.5) |
|
55.4 |
(0.7) |
|
36.5 |
(0.3) |
|
35.8 |
(0.8) |
|
51.1 |
(0.9) |
|
13.1 |
(0.7) |
|
|
Chinese Taipei |
11.9 |
(2.6) |
|
41.1 |
(3.4) |
|
47.1 |
(3.6) |
|
15.4 |
(2.5) |
|
57.6 |
(3.4) |
|
27.0 |
(3.2) |
|
|
Thailand |
21.4 |
(3.1) |
|
63.8 |
(3.8) |
|
14.8 |
(2.4) |
|
53.6 |
(3.8) |
|
37.2 |
(3.7) |
|
9.2 |
(2.2) |
|
|
Ukraine |
31.8 |
(2.9) |
|
46.4 |
(3.1) |
|
21.8 |
(2.4) |
|
59.6 |
(2.9) |
|
19.8 |
(2.5) |
|
20.6 |
(2.8) |
|
|
United Arab Emirates |
30.9 |
(0.7) |
|
48.8 |
(1.5) |
|
20.3 |
(1.1) |
|
41.8 |
(0.9) |
|
50.0 |
(1.3) |
|
8.2 |
(1.1) |
|
|
Uruguay |
6.9 |
(2.2) |
|
19.4 |
(3.1) |
|
73.7 |
(3.6) |
|
14.5 |
(2.9) |
|
26.4 |
(3.3) |
|
59.1 |
(4.0) |
|
|
Viet Nam |
13.6 |
(2.9) |
|
48.1 |
(4.6) |
|
38.3 |
(3.9) |
|
45.4 |
(4.5) |
|
36.6 |
(4.6) |
|
18.0 |
(3.1) |
|
Information on data for Cyprus: https://oe.cd/cyprus-disclaimer
Note: Information regarding the proportion of the sample covered is shown next to the standard error. No symbol means at least 75% of the population was covered; one dagger (†) means at least 50% but less than 75%; and one double-dagger (‡) means less than 50% was covered. For comparisons across cycles, the coverage information corresponds to the cycle with the lowest sample coverage.