This publication is a key outcome of the Measurement module of the OECD-wide project: Going Digital: Making the Transformation Work for Growth and Well-being. The module was jointly led by the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation (DSTI), the Statistics and Data Directorate (SDD) and the Directorate for Trade and Agriculture (TAD).
Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future is the result of a collaborative effort among several parts of the OECD Secretariat, national statistical offices, researchers and private sector data providers. Lead authors are Alessandra Colecchia, Daniel Ker and Elif Köksal-Oudot from the Economic Analysis and Statistics Division of DSTI, together with Andrea de Panizza of the Italian National Statistical Institute (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica, Istat).
The following colleagues from DSTI provided valuable contributions to this publication: Elodie Andrieu, Michela Bello, Laurent Bernat, Brigitte van Beuzekom, Frédéric Bourassa, Sara Calligaris, Flavio Calvino, François Chantret, Agnès Cimper, Chiara Criscuolo, Hélène Dernis, Isabelle Desnoyers-James, Timothy DeStefano, Michael Donohue, Fernando Galindo-Rueda, Alexia Gonzalez-Fanfalone, Peter Horvát, Yoichi Kaneki, Guillaume Kpodar, Luca Marcolin, Joaquim Martins Guilhoto, Pierre Montagnier, Shohei Nakazato, Alistair Nolan, Rory O’Farrell, Karine Perset, Lorrayne Porciuncula, Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze, Elettra Ronchi, David Rosenfeld, Vincenzo Spiezia, Mariagrazia Squicciarini, Fabien Verger, Colin Webb and Verena Weber.
Editorial guidance by Angela Gosmann, cover design by Sylvain Fraccola, StatLink assistance by Christopher Lomax, and secretarial support by Marion Barberis, Petia Petrova and Celia Valeani are also gratefully acknowledged.
Molly Lesher (Going Digital phase one co-ordinator) and David Gierten helped to foster synergies between the teams working on Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives and on Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future in order to align both Going Digital deliverables.
Dirk Pilat and Andrew Wyckoff provided overall guidance and comments.
Several colleagues from other OECD Directorates also made available their expertise and provided input to this publication: Nadim Ahmad, Mariarosa Lunati, John Mitchell, Fabrice Murtin, Frédéric Parrot, Paul Schreyer, Vincent Siegerink, Peter van de Ven and Jorrit Zwijnenburg (SDD); Michele Cimino, Stéphanie Jamet and Andreea Minea-Pic (Directorate for Education and Skills); Reginald Dadzie, Barbara Ubaldi and João Vasconcelos (Directorate for Public Governance); Janos Ferencz and Javier López-González (TAD); and Stijn Broecke and Glenda Quintini (Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs).
Some indicators in this publication resulted from collaboration with Stefano Baruffaldi and Dietmar Harhoff of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition (MPI). Experimental indicators on AI measurement were produced jointly with MPI and benefitted from the expertise of the OECD-led Intellectual Property (IP) Statistics Task Force, and in particular IP Australia, the Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO), the European Patent Office (EPO), the Israel Patent Office (ILPO), the Italian Patent and Trademark Office (UIBM), the National Institute for Industrial Property of Chile (INAPI), the United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office (UK IPO), and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
The report also features the results of an exploratory analysis of business ICT usage survey micro-data undertaken by Pauline Beck and colleagues at the UK Office for National Statistics, Irene Ek and colleagues at the Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis, and Mateusz Gumiński and colleagues at Statistics Poland. Special thanks go to Andrea de Panizza and Stefano de Santis of Istat who developed the code, provided advice, analysed the data and interpreted the results.
The OECD wishes to thank Carsten Olsson and colleagues at Eurostat for their collaboration on developing and collecting special tabulations of data from the 2018 European Community Survey on ICT Usage and E-commerce in Enterprises, as well as the 20 EU member states that provided the requested data.
The report also benefitted from partnerships with data producers from the private sector. Experimental data on AI companies in the United Kingdom were provided by Glass.ai. Indicators on skills demand for computer jobs are based on data made available by Burning Glass Technologies. TeleGeography provided the Global Internet Map 2018 and BBVA (Spain) data shed additional light on e-commerce landscape.
The measurement roadmap pages on cloud computing services, online platforms, and data and data flows benefitted from two dedicated measurement workshops. The OECD wishes to thank all participants in the “Workshop on measuring online platforms and cloud services in National Accounts”, which was jointly organised by DSTI and SDD in September 2018. The UK Economic Statistics Centre of Excellence (ESCoE), co-organised, with the OECD, an expert workshop on “data on data and data flows” held in London in November 2018. For this workshop, David Nguyen and Marta Paczos produced discussion papers under the supervision of Rebecca Riley (Director of ESCoE). Special thanks go to all those who presented their work at these workshops.
The publication was declassified by the Committee on Digital Economy Policy (CDEP) during the course of January and February 2019. Comments provided by CDEP and WPMADE (OECD Working Party on Measurement and Analysis of the Digital Economy) delegates, as well as the Going Digital Expert Advisory Group, were very helpful for the development and improvement of its content. The generous support of the Government of Canada to the work of the Measurement module of the Going Digital project, including this report, is gratefully acknowledged.
This collaborative effort would not have been possible without the help and dedication of all. By further building the evidence, based on this report and its forward-looking measurement roadmap, as well as other initiatives undertaken by the international community, countries will be able to prepare the ground for more robust policies to promote growth and well-being in the digital era.