Population ageing has been the main driving force behind changes in pension policies. Ageing is the result of demographic trends in fertility and life expectancy. The first indicator looks into the number of births per woman and its development over the last 50 years. Changes in life expectancy – at birth and at age 65 – are shown as the second indicator. The third looks into the degree of ageing measured as the level of and change in the number of people aged 65 and above relative to the number of people of working age (20‑64). The fourth indicator looks at the employment rates of older workers. The fifth indicator presents calculations for the age at which people leave the labour market – the “Effective age of labour market exit”, with the last indicator measuring the expected life years from this age by combining life expectancy with the previous indicator.
Pensions at a Glance 2023
OECD and G20 Indicators
OECD Pensions at a Glance
