This indicator measures the remaining life expectancy at the average age of labour market exit. Women can expect to live 26 years or more after exiting the labour market in France, Luxembourg, Slovenia and Spain (Figure 6.15, Panel B). Similarly, men can expect to survive more than 22 years after labour market exit in Belgium, France, Luxembourg and Spain (Figure 6.15, Panel A). Women’s remaining life expectancy at the average age of labour market exit was below 20 years in Lithuania and Mexico, and men’s was below 15 years, in these two countries and in Colombia, Costa Rica and Hungary.
Men typically can expect to live 4.3 years less than women after labour market exit on average in the OECD (Figure 6.15). In Costa Rica, Colombia, Greece, Hungary and Poland, the gender gap was six years or more. This gap between men and women is due to both higher life expectancy and lower labour market exit age among women. The gender gap in life expectancy at 65 years is equal to 3.2 years on average (see above in this chapter) while the gender gap in average labour market exit age is equal to 1.2 years (Figure 6.13). Longer periods after labour market exit expose women to old-age income poverty (cf. Chapter 7), as in some countries price indexation magnifies the impact of gender pay gaps, observed in all OECD countries, on pension benefits.
The average length of life after labour market exit has increased over time. In 1972 men in OECD countries spent on average 12.5 years of life after their exit from the labour market while by 2022 they could expect a duration of 18.4 years (Figure 6.16, Panel B). Women’s life expectancy at labour market exit equalled 16.5 years on average in the OECD in 1972, which increased to 22.8 years in 2022 (Figure 6.16, Panel A).
The increase in the expected lifetime after labour market exit from 1972 to around 2000 is due to both a drop in the effective exit age from the labour force and increased longevity. Since then, expected life years after exit from the labour market have rather stabilised as continuing life expectancy gains in old age have been offset by increases in labour market exit ages.