The labour market recovery from the COVID‑19 recession has been strong, but lost momentum in 2022 and early 2023 in the context of the economic slowdown. However, employment and unemployment have held their ground, and job vacancy rates remain high in most countries, despite some signs of easing. By May 2023, the OECD unemployment rate had fallen to 4.8%, a level not seen in decades.
Unemployment in the United Kingdom was 3.8% in March 2023, up 0.1 percentage points from a year earlier, but close to its pre‑crisis level. Participation and employment rates remain high with a slight improvement in the year to Q1 2023. Whilst inactivity fell 0.4 percentage points to 21.0% in the year to Q1 2023, the United Kingdom remains one of the few OECD countries where the rate is still yet to fall below its pre‑crisis level. This is particularly pronounced at older age groups (For 55‑64 year‑olds, the United Kingdom is the only European OECD member with an inactivity rate still above pre‑crisis levels)
Vacancies in the United Kingdom remain well above pre‑crisis trends, although they have come down almost 20% since the middle part of 2022. Analysis of online job postings reveals an increase in vacancies offering employee benefits, relative to before the COVID‑19 crisis, suggesting that workers may have benefitted from the tight labour market of the last year.
The OECD Economic Outlook projects that GDP growth in 2023 will remain modest at 0.3%, before a moderate improvement to 1.0% in 2024. This will initially be driven by government spending and investment, before private expenditure gradually becomes stronger, as wholesale gas prices abate.
A concerted effort was made in the Budget 2023 to tackle labour force participation for families and older workers. Free childcare was extended for working families of pre‑school children aged at least 9 months, and greater funding was provided for wraparound care between the hours of 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. for school-age children. “Returnership” apprenticeships were introduced to encourage the over 50s to return to work. “Midlife MOTs”, offering financial, health and career guidance to older workers, were scaled-up. The digital offer was enhanced and the in-person Jobcentre‑Plus offer expanded to serve up to 40 000 50+ Universal Credit claimants per year.