The labour market recovery from the COVID‑19 recession has been strong, but lost momentum in 2022 and early 2023 in the context of the economic slowdown. However, employment and unemployment have held their ground, and job vacancy rates remain high in most countries, despite some signs of easing. By May 2023, the OECD unemployment rate had fallen to 4.8%, a level not seen in decades.
In France, the unemployment rate has continued falling from its peak of 9% to 7% in May 2023 (Figure 1). This is below pre‑pandemic rate of 8.2% and at its lowest level since 1982 but still above the OECD average. In Q1 2023, the employment rate for those aged 15‑64 years picked at 68.5% − 2 percentage point above its pre‑crisis level in Q4 2019. Despite this significant improvement of the labour market, youth employment rate remains low in France, well below the OECD average, while youth unemployment rate remains high.
According to OECD projections, GDP growth will slow down to 0.8% in 2023 and increase to 1.3% in 2024. High energy prices, tighter financial conditions and declining real wages hold back private consumption and residential investment. Inflation is expected to remain high at 6.1% in 2023 and to decline to 3.1% in 2024. With slowing job creation, the unemployment rate is projected to stabilise at 7.2% in 2024.
The reform of apprenticeship and that of unemployment insurance, which encourages people to return to work on permanent jobs and reduces the duration of benefits when the unemployment rate is low, have helped accelerate the fall in unemployment. It now becomes increasingly important to remove the non-financial barriers to participation in the labour market for those who are further away from the job market. The current reform of the public employment service, with the creation of “France Travail”, aims at better co‑ordinating employment, social and training services to boost job re‑entry.