[67] Agarwal, R. and G. Gopinath (2021), “A proposal to end the COVID-19 pandemic”, Staff Discussion Notes, No. 2021/004, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2021/05/19/A-Proposal-to-End-the-COVID-19-Pandemic-460263 (accessed on 28 May 2021).
[50] Ahmad, Y. et al. (2020), “Six decades of ODA: Insights and outlook in the COVID-19 crisis”, in Development Co-operation Profiles 2020, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/5e331623-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/5e331623-en#chapter-d1e20 (accessed on 20 November 2020).
[90] Andrews, D. (2021), “Can special drawing rights be recycled to where they are needed at no budgetary cost?”, CGD Notes, Center for Global Development, Washington, DC, https://www.cgdev.org/publication/can-special-drawing-rights-be-recycled-where-they-are-needed-no-budgetary-cost (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[65] Arab Coordination Group (2020), Final Communiqué: Heads of Arab Coordination Group Institutions, Arab Coordination Group, http://www.arabfund.org/Data/site1/pdf/CG/Communique%20by%20Heads%20of%20ACG_2020%20En.pdf.
[14] Banque mondiale (2020), The Economy in the Time of COVID-19, Banque mondiale, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33555/9781464815706.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y.
[2] Battersby, B., W. Lam and E. Ture (2020), Tracking the $9 Trillion Global Fiscal Support to Fight COVID-19, Fonds monétaire international, Washington, D.C., https://blogs.imf.org/2020/05/20/tracking-the-9-trillion-global-fiscal-support-to-fight-covid-19.
[28] BIT (2017), Rapport mondial sur la protection sociale 2017-19: Protection sociale universelle pour atteindre les Objectifs de développement durable, Bureau international du Travail, Genève, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_624892.pdf (accessed on 4 June 2020).
[15] CNUCED (2020), Coronavirus Outbreak Has Cost Global Value Chains $50 Billion in Exports, Conférence des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le développement, https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2297.
[11] CNUCED (2020), Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global FDI and GVCs: Updated analysis, https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/diaeiainf2020d3_en.pdf.
[102] CNUCED (2019), Least Developed Countries Report, https://unctad.org/en/PublicationChapters/ldcr2019_ch2_en.pdf.
[40] Commission européenne (2020), Coronavirus Global Response: EU Launches Pledging Effort, Commission européenne, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/ip_20_710.
[43] Commission européenne (2020), Questions and Answers: The EU Budget for External Action in the Next Multiannual Financial Framework, Commission européenne, Bruxelles, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/QANDA_20_988.
[107] Conseil économique et social (2020), Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals: Report of the Secretary General, Nations Unies, New York, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/26158Final_SG_SDG_Progress_Report_14052020.pdf.
[41] Deutsche Welle (2020), Germany’s President Calls for Patience. Solidarity, In Face of Pandemic, Deutsche Welle, https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-president-calls-for-patience-solidarity-in-face-of-pandemic/a-53095804.
[33] Devereux, S. and P. White (2010), “Social protection in Africa: Evidence, politics and rights”, Poverty & Public Policy, Vol. 2/3, pp. 516-540, https://doi.org/10.2202/1944-2858.1078.
[72] European Commission (2021), “Global leaders adopt agenda to overcome COVID-19 crisis”, press release, European Commission, Brussels, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_2605 (accessed on 25 May 2021).
[42] Financial Times (2020), Macron: Coronavirus Is Europe’s “Moment of Truth”, Financial Times, https://www.ft.com/video/96240572-7e35-4fcd-aecb-8f503d529354.
[38] FMI (2020), Serving Member Counties: Emergency Financing and Debt Relief, Fonds monétaire international, Washington, D.C., https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/COVID-Lending-Tracker.
[13] FMI (2020), World Economic Outlook, April 2020: The Great Lockdown, Fonds monétaire international, Washington, D.C., https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/weo-april-2020.
[89] French Presidency (2021), Summit on the Financing of African Economies, French Presidency, Paris, https://www.elysee.fr/admin/upload/default/0001/10/8cafcd2d4c6fbc57cd41f96c99f7aede6bd351f1.pdf.
[79] G20 (2021), Common Framework for Debt Treatments beyond the DSSI, G20, https://clubdeparis.org/sites/default/files/annex_common_framework_for_debt_treatments_beyond_the_dssi.pdf (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[105] G20 (2020), Déclaration finale du Sommet extraordinaire des chefs d’État et de gouvernement du G20 consacré au COVID-19, G20, https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2020/03/26/declaration-finale-du-sommet-extraordinaire-des-chefs-detat-et-de-gouvernement-du-g20-consacre-au-covid-19.
[76] G7 (2021), G7 Foreign and Development Ministers’ Meeting, May 2021: Communiqué, G7, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/g7-foreign-and-development-ministers-meeting-may-2021-communique (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[17] G77 (2020), Déclaration du Groupe des 77 et de la Chine sur la pandémie de maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19), Assemblée générale de Nations Unies, https://www.g77.org/statement/getstatement.php?id=200403.
[69] GAVI (2021), ONE WORLD PROTECTED The Gavi COVAX AMC Investment Opportunity, https://www.gavi.org/sites/default/files/covid/covax/Gavi-COVAX-AMC-Investment-Opportunity.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2021).
[71] GAVI (2021), “World leaders and private sector commit to protecting the vulnerable with COVID-19 vaccines | Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance”, https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/world-leaders-and-private-sector-commit-protecting-vulnerable-covid-19-vaccines (accessed on 4 June 2021).
[70] GAVI (2020), Global leaders rally to accelerate access to COVID-19 vaccines for lower-income countries | Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Webpage, https://www.gavi.org/news/media-room/global-leaders-rally-accelerate-access-covid-19-vaccines-lower-income-countries (accessed on 12 May 2021).
[97] Gavi (2021), One World Protected: The Gavi COVAX AMC Investment Opportunity, Gavi, The Vaccine Allaince, Geneva and Washington, DC, https://www.gavi.org/sites/default/files/covid/covax/Gavi-COVAX-AMC-Investment-Opportunity.pdf (accessed on 12 May 2021).
[101] Gavi (2020), “Global leaders rally to accelerate access to COVID-19 vaccines for lower-income countries”, web page, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Geneva and Washington, DC, https://www.gavi.org/news/media-room/global-leaders-rally-accelerate-access-covid-19-vaccines-lower-income-countries (accessed on 12 May 2021).
[39] Gavi, l’Alliance du Vaccin (2020), Les dirigeants mondiaux prennent des engagements historiques pour assurer l’égalité d’accès aux vaccins pour tous, Gavi, l’Alliance du Vaccin, https://www.gavi.org/fr/actualites/media-room/dirigeants-mondiaux-prennent-engagements-historiques-assurer-vaccins-pour-tous (accessed on 12 June 2020).
[29] Gentilini, U. et al. (2020), Social protection and jobs responses to COVID-19: A real-time review of country measures, http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/883501588611600156/pdf/Social-Protection-and-Jobs-Responses-to-COVID-19-A-Real-Time-Review-of-Country-Measures-May-1-2020.pdf (accessed on 7 May 2020).
[4] Gerszon, D. et al. (2020), Actualisation des estimations de l’impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur la pauvreté, blogs de la Banque mondiale, Banque mondiale, https://blogs.worldbank.org/fr/opendata/actualisation-estimations-impact-de-la-pandemie-covid-19-sur-la-pauvrete-dans-le-monde.
[46] Gouvernement de la Norvège (2020), Norway’s Development Aid Budget Is Adjusted to Meet Needs Created by the Coronavirus Pandemic, Gouvernement de la Norvège, https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/budget_adjusted/id2702016.
[18] Groupe de référence CAD-OSC (2020), COVID-19 Calls for Effective Aid and Development Cooperation More Than Ever, https://concordeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Joint-Statement-on-Covid-19_with-additional-signatories-13Apr2020.pdf.
[25] IHME (2019), Financing Global Health 2018: Countries and Programs in Transition, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, http://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/policy_report/FGH/2019/FGH_2018_full-report.pdf (accessed on 10 May 2020).
[30] IHME (2012), Financing Global Health 2012: The End of a Golden Age?, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, http://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/policy_report/2012/FGH/IHME_FGH2012_FullReport_MedResolution.pdf (accessed on 10 May 2020).
[87] IMF (2021), “IMF Executive Directors discuss a new SDR allocation of US$650 billion to boost reserves, help global recovery from COVID-19”, press release, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/03/23/pr2177-imf-execdir-discuss-new-sdr-allocation-us-650b-boost-reserves-help-global-recovery-covid19 (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[53] IMF (2021), “January 2021 charts and maps”, Database of Country Fiscal Measures in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Fiscal-Policies-Database-in-Response-to-COVID-19 (accessed on 18 May 2021).
[80] IMF (2021), List of LIC DSAs for PRGT-Eligible Countries, As of February 28, 2021, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC.
[81] IMF (2021), “Questions and answers on sovereign debt issues”, web page, International Monetary Fund, Washingon, DC, https://www.imf.org/en/About/FAQ/sovereign-debt (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[86] IMF (n.d.), “Questions and answers on special drawing rights”, web page, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, https://www.imf.org/en/About/FAQ/special-drawing-right#Q1.%20What%20is%20an%20SDR? (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[63] Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness & Response (2021), COVID-19: Make it the Last Pandemic, Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness & Response, Geneva, https://theindependentpanel.org/mainreport (accessed on 18 May 2021).
[109] ISPA (s.d.), About Inter Agency Social Protection Assessments, Inter Agency Social Protection Assessments, https://ispatools.org/about-ispa (accessed on 7 May 2020).
[91] Letzing, J. (2020), “Countries are piling on record amounts of debt amid COVID-19: Here’s what that means”, World Economic Forum, Geneva, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/11/covid-19-has-countries-borrowing-money-just-about-as-quickly-as-they-can-print-it (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[34] Mccord, A. (2017), “The role of public works in addressing poverty: Lessons from recent developments in public works programming”, https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780448435.009.
[45] Ministère fédéral des Finances, Allemagne (2020), Fiscal Package, Ministère fédéral des Finances, https://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/EN/Standardartikel/Topics/Public-Finances/Articles/2020-06-04-fiscal-package.html.
[35] Moore, M. et al. (2016), Identifying Future Disease Hot Spots: Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index, RAND Corporation, https://doi.org/10.7249/rr1605.
[47] OCDE (2020), A “Debt Standstill” for the Poorest Countries: How Much Is At Stake?, OCDE, Paris, https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=132_132874-inojmef893&title=A-debt-standstill-for-the-poorest-countries-How-much-is-at-stake.
[36] OCDE (2020), Covid-19, Crises and Fragility, OCDE, Paris, https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=131_131938-b9ys3suiav&title=COVID-19-Crises-and-Fragility (accessed on 11 May 2020).
[16] OCDE (2020), Déclaration conjointe du Comité d’aide au développement de l’OCDE sur la crise de Covid-19, OCDE, Paris, http://www.oecd.org/fr/developpement/declaration-conjointe-du-comite-d-aide-au-developpement-de-l-ocde-sur-la-crise-de-covid-19.htm.
[104] OCDE (2020), Development Assistance Committee Members and Civil Society, https://doi.org/10.1787/51eb6df1-en.
[23] OCDE (2020), L’aide publique au développement (APD), OCDE, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/fr/cad/financementpourledeveloppementdurable/normes-financement-developpement/aide-publique-au-developpement.htm.
[21] OCDE (2020), L’objectif de 0.7% APD/PNB - un historique, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/fr/cad/stats/lobjectifde07apdpnb-unhistorique.htm.
[24] OCDE (2020), Pandémie globale de COVID-19 : Déclaration commune du Comité d’aide au développement de l’OCDE, OCDE, Paris, http://www.oecd.org/fr/cad/comite-d-aide-au-developpement/covid-19-declaration-commune-du-cad.htm (accessed on 11 June 2020).
[1] OCDE (2020), Perspectives économiques de l’OCDE, Volume 2020 Numéro 1, Éditions OCDE, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/e26dfe32-fr.
[124] OCDE (2020), Putting finance to work for gender equality and women’s empowerment: The way forward, Éditions OCDE, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/f0fa4d91-en.
[121] OCDE (2019), Aligning Development Co-operation and Climate Action: The Only Way Forward, The Development Dimension, https://doi.org/10.1787/5099ad91-en.
[7] OCDE (2019), Coopération pour le développement 2019 : Un avenir plus juste, plus vert et plus sûr, Éditions OCDE, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/71a10470-fr.
[20] OCDE (2019), Coopération pour le développement 2019 : Un avenir plus juste, plus vert et plus sûr, Éditions OCDE, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/71a10470-fr.
[127] OCDE (2019), Coopération pour le développement 2019 : Un avenir plus juste, plus vert et plus sûr, Éditions OCDE, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/71a10470-fr.
[128] OCDE (2019), Coopération pour le développement 2019 : Un avenir plus juste, plus vert et plus sûr, Éditions OCDE, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/71a10470-fr.
[113] OCDE (2019), Coopération pour le développement 2019: Un avenir plus juste, plus vert et plus sûr, Éditions OCDE, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/71a10470-fr.
[103] OCDE (2019), Green triangular co-operation: An accelerator to sustainable development, https://doi.org/10.1787/d81d884a-en.
[122] OCDE (2019), Greening Development Co-operation: Lessons from the OECD Development Assistance Committee, The Development Dimension, https://doi.org/10.1787/62cc4634-en.
[19] OCDE (2019), Perspectives mondiales du financement du développement durable 2019 : L’heure est, Éditions OCDE, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264307995-en.
[31] OCDE (2014), Society at a Glance: Asia/Pacific 2014, Éditions OCDE, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264220553-en.
[9] OCDE (à paraître), The Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Crisis on Development Finance, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/en.
[110] OCDE/PNUD (2019), Vers une coopération pour le développement plus efficace : Rapport d’étape 2019, Éditions OCDE, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/6acb4dc0-fr.
[37] OCHA (2020), UN Issues $2 Billion Appeal to Combat COVID-19, Bureau de la coordination des affaires humanitaires des Nations Unies, https://www.unocha.org/story/un-issues-2-billion-appeal-combat-covid-19.
[49] OECD (2021), “2020 official development assistance levels and trends release, 13 April 2021”, remarks by Angel Gurría, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/about/secretary-general/oecd-sg-remarks-to-launch-the-2020-oda-levels-and-trends-13-april-2021.htm (accessed on 4 May 2021).
[119] OECD (2021), “Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccines for developing countries: An equal shot at recovery”, OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19), OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/6b0771e6-en.
[51] OECD (2021), “COVID-19 spending helped to lift foreign aid to an all-time high in 2020: Detailed note”, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-data/ODA-2020-detailed-summary.pdf (accessed on 19 April 2021).
[74] OECD (2021), Frequently Asked Questions on the ODA Eligibility of COVID-19 Related Activities – Updated March 2021, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/ODA-eligibility_%20of_COVID-19_related_activities_final.pdf (accessed on 19 April 2021).
[98] OECD (2021), “GDP and spending: Real GDP long-term forecast”, OECD, Paris, https://data.oecd.org/gdp/real-gdp-long-term-forecast.htm#indicator-chart (accessed on 27 May 2021).
[56] OECD (2021), ODA Eligibility Database, http://oe.cd/oda-eligibility-database (accessed on 20 May 2021).
[111] OECD (2021), OECD Economic Outlook, Interim Report March 2021, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/34bfd999-en.
[117] OECD (2021), OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2021 Issue 1: Preliminary Version, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/edfbca02-en.
[94] OECD (2021), “Official development assistance (ODA)”, web page, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/official-development-assistance.htm (accessed on 18 May 2021).
[61] OECD (2021), “Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD)”, Visualisation Tool, OECD, Paris, https://tossd.online (accessed on 19 April 2021).
[64] OECD (2020), COVID-19 Global Pandemic: Joint Statement by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/dac/development-assistance-committee/DAC-Joint-Statement-COVID-19.pdf (accessed on 12 October 2020).
[54] OECD (2020), DAC High Level Meeting Communiqué 2020, OECD, Paris, http://www.oecd.org/dac/development-assistance-committee/dac-high-level-meeting-communique-2020.htm (accessed on 20 November 2020).
[55] OECD (2020), DAC List of ODA Recipients, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/DAC-List-ODA-Recipients-for-reporting-2021-flows.pdf (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[78] OECD (2020), DAC Mid-term Review of Iceland, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/dac/peer-reviews/DAC-mid-term-Iceland-2020.pdf (accessed on 19 May 2021).
[118] OECD (2020), Development Co-operation Report 2020: Learning from Crises, Building Resilience, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/f6d42aa5-en.
[100] OECD (2020), “Earmarked funding to multilateral organisations: How is it used and what constitutes good practice?”, Brief – Multilateral Development Finance, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-topics/Multilateral-development-finance-brief-2020.pdf (accessed on 18 May 2021).
[116] OECD (2020), Multilateral Development Finance 2020, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/e61fdf00-en.
[125] OECD (2020), OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Austria 2020, OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/03b626d5-en.
[115] OECD (2020), OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Japan 2020, OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/b2229106-en.
[82] OECD (2020), Reporting on Debt Relief in the Grant Equivalent System: Methodology for Reporting Debt Relief on a Grant Equivalent Basis, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/Reporting-Debt-Relief-In-Grant-Equivalent-System.pdf (accessed on 19 April 2021).
[114] OECD (2019), Development Co-operation Report 2019: A Fairer, Greener, Safer Tomorrow, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9a58c83f-en.
[60] OECD (2019), OECD Recommendation on Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/gov/pcsd/oecd-recommendation-on-policy-coherence-for-sustainable-development.htm (accessed on 7 May 2021).
[120] OECD (2018), OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Canada 2018, OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264303560-en.
[126] OECD (2015), OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Germany 2015, OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264246133-en.
[96] OECD (2014), DAC High Level Meeting: Final Communiqué, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/dac/OECD%20DAC%20HLM%20Communique.pdf (accessed on 18 May 2021).
[52] OECD (n.d.), “International development statistics (IDS) online databases”, web page, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-data/idsonline.htm (accessed on 20 May 2021).
[57] OECD (n.d.), “Modernisation of the DAC statistical system”, web page, OECD, Paris, https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/modernisation-dac-statistical-system.htm (accessed on 12 May 2021).
[123] OECD (n.d.), OECD Development Co-operation Peer Reviews, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/23097132.
[92] OECD DAC (2020), “DAC High Level Meeting Communiqué 2020”, http://www.oecd.org/dac/development-assistance-committee/dac-high-level-meeting-communique-2020.htm (accessed on 25 November 2020).
[32] Omilola, B. and S. Kaniki (2014), Social Protection in Africa: A Review of Potential Contribution and Impact on Poverty Reduction, Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement, https://www.undp.org/content/dam/south_africa/docs/mdgs/Social%20Protection%20in%20%20Africa-A%20Review%20of%20Potential%20Contribution%20and%20Impact%20on%20Poverty%20Reduction1.pdf (accessed on 28 May 2020).
[108] OMS (2018), Universal Health Coverage, Organisation mondiale de la santé, https://www.who.int/healthsystems/universal_health_coverage/fr/ (accessed on 7 May 2020).
[22] Organisation des Nations Unies (2015), Programme d’action d’Addis-Abeba issu de la troisième Conférence internationale sur le financement du développement, Nations Unies, New York, https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/uploaded-documents/FFD3-2015/document-final.pdf.
[6] PAM (2020), Covid-19 : le nombre de personnes confrontées à une crise alimentaire doublera si des mesures ne sont pas prises rapidement, communiqué de presse, Programme alimentaire mondial, https://fr.wfp.org/communiques-de-presse/covid-19-le-nombre-de-personnes-confrontees-une-crise-alimentaire-doublera-si (accessed on 19 May 2020).
[8] Piemonte, C. et al. (2019), Transition Finance : Introducing a new concept, Éditions OCDE, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/2dad64fb-en.
[106] PMCED (2020), La pandémie mondiale de COVID-19 et le nouveau programme de travail du PMCED, Partenariat mondial pour une coopération efficace au service du développement, https://knowledge.effectivecooperation.org/system/files/2020-06/La_pand%C3%A9mie_de_COVID-19_et_le_nouveau_programme_de_travail-D%C3%A9claration_des_Co-Pr%C3%A9sidents_de_la_PMCED-SP.pdf.
[3] PNUD (2020), COVID-19 and Human Development: Assessing the Crisis, Envisioning the Recovery, 2020 Human Development Perspectives, Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement, New York, http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/covid-19_and_human_development_0.pdf.
[27] PNUD (2019), The State of Social Assistance in Africa, Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/The%20State%20of%20Social%20Assistance%20in%20Africa%20Report-compressed.pdf (accessed on 3 June 2020).
[93] Presidence de la Republique, F. (2021), “Summit on the Financing of African Economies”.
[10] Ratha, D. et al. (2020), COVID-19 through a migration lens, Banque mondiale, Washington, D.C., http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/989721587512418006/COVID-19-Crisis-Through-a-Migration-Lens.
[26] Ravallion, M. (2020), Pandemic Policies in Poor Places, Center for Global Development, https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/pandemics-in-poor-places.pdf (accessed on 19 May 2020).
[59] Ritchie, E. (2021), “Do ODA loan rules incentivise lending to poorer countries?”, Center for Global Development blog, Center for Global Development, Washington, DC, https://www.cgdev.org/blog/do-oda-loan-rules-incentivise-lending-poorer-countries (accessed on 20 May 2021).
[73] Stolberg, S. and D. Slotnik (2021), “The U.S. plans to send 20 million vaccination doses to help world battle the virus”, The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/17/world/covid-vaccine-global-doses.html (accessed on 18 May 2021).
[5] Sumner, A., C. Hoy and E. and Ortiz-Juarez (2020), Estimates of the impact of COVID-19 on global poverty, Université des Nations Unies, UNU-WIDER, https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/estimates-impact-covid-19-global-poverty.
[99] UK Parliament (2021), “Future of UK aid: Reductions to the aid budget”, UK Parliament, London, https://committees.parliament.uk/work/843/future-of-uk-aid-reductions-to-the-aid-budget/news (accessed on 12 May 2021).
[95] UN (2021), “Least developed countries category”, web page, Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States, https://www.un.org/ohrlls/content/ldc-category (accessed on 20 May 2021).
[77] UN (2021), “UN Climate Change Conference UK 2021 website”, https://ukcop26.org (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[112] UN (2020), “Debt and COVID-19: A global response in solidarity”, UN Executive Office of the Secretary-General (EOSG) Policy Briefs and Papers, No. 4, United Nations, New York, NY, https://doi.org/10.18356/5bd43e89-en.
[88] US Treasury Department (2021), “How an allocation of International Monetary Fund special drawing rights will support low-income countries, the global economy, and the United States”, press release, US Department of the Treasury, Washington, DC, https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0095 (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[44] USAID (2020), COVID-19 Funding Requests and Unsolicited Proposals, Agence des États-Unis pour le développement international, https://www.usaid.gov/coronavirus/funding-requests-unsolicited-proposals.
[75] WHO (2021), ACT-A Prioritized Strategy and Budget for 2021, World Health Organization, Geneva, https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/act-a-prioritized-strategy-and-budget-for-2021 (accessed on 12 May 2021).
[68] WHO (2021), “The ACT Accelerator interactive funding tracker”, web page, World Health Organization, Geneva, https://www.who.int/initiatives/act-accelerator/funding-tracker (accessed on 12 May 2021).
[66] WHO (2021), WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard with Vaccination Data, web page, World Health Organization, Geneva, https://covid19.who.int (accessed on 17 May 2021).
[62] WHO and CBD Secretariat (2020), Biodiversity & Infectious Diseases: Questions & Answers, World Health Organization, Geneva, https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/climate-change/qa-infectiousdiseases-who.pdf?sfvrsn=3a624917_3 (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[48] World Bank (2021), “Defying predictions, remittance flows remain strong during COVID-19 crisis”, press release, World Bank, Washington, DC, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/05/12/defying-predictions-remittance-flows-remain-strong-during-covid-19-crisis?cid=ECR_E_NewsletterWeekly_EN_EXT&deliveryName=DM104029 (accessed on 20 May 2021).
[85] World Bank (2021), “Germany contributes €10 million to WB Trust Fund for Disease Preparedness in Developing Countries”, web page, The World Bank, Washington, DC, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/02/02/germany-contributes-10-million-to-wb-trust-fund-for-disease-preparedness-in-developing-countries (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[84] World Bank (2021), “Health Emergency Preparedness and Response (HEPR) Umbrella Program”, web page, The World Bank, Washington, DC, https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health/brief/health-emergency-preparedness-and-response-hepr-umbrella-program (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[83] World Bank (2020), “World Bank Group to launch new multi-donor trust fund to help countries prepare for disease outbreaks”, web page, The World Bank, Washington, DC, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/statement/2020/04/15/world-bank-group-to-launch-new-multi-donor-trust-fund-to-help-countries-prepare-for-disease-outbreaks (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[58] World Bank and IMF (2021), World Bank Group and International Monetary Fund Support for Debt Relief Under the Common Framework and Beyond, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Policy-Papers/Issues/2021/04/01/World-Bank-Group-And-International-Monetary-Fund-Support-For-Debt-Relief-Under-The-Common-50321 (accessed on 10 May 2021).
[12] Zeufack, A. et al. (2020), Africa’s Pulse. Évaluation de l’impact économique du COVID-19 et des réponses politiques en Afrique subsaharienne, Groupe de la Banque mondiale, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33541.